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BIO-SERVBIO-SERVBIO-SERVBIO-SERV
RODENT BEHAVIOR AND RODENT BEHAVIOR AND BREEDING TECHNIQUESBREEDING TECHNIQUESRODENT BEHAVIOR AND RODENT BEHAVIOR AND BREEDING TECHNIQUESBREEDING TECHNIQUES
•ANIMAL RESEARCH DIETS
•ENRICHMENT PRODUCTS
•MEDICATED PRODUCTS LAWTE MEETING 2009
WHY ENRICHMENT?WHY ENRICHMENT? WHY ENRICHMENT?WHY ENRICHMENT?
BIO-SERV“YOUR ONE SOURCE”
ENRICHMENTENRICHMENTENRICHMENTENRICHMENT
- Fosters the expression of species Fosters the expression of species specific behaviorspecific behavior
- Improves animal welfareImproves animal welfare- Enhances psychological well being Enhances psychological well being
of animals in studies of animals in studies - CAN BE DONE WITHOUT CAN BE DONE WITHOUT
PERTURBING RESEARCHPERTURBING RESEARCH
- Fosters the expression of species Fosters the expression of species specific behaviorspecific behavior
- Improves animal welfareImproves animal welfare- Enhances psychological well being Enhances psychological well being
of animals in studies of animals in studies - CAN BE DONE WITHOUT CAN BE DONE WITHOUT
PERTURBING RESEARCHPERTURBING RESEARCH
3
BIO-SERVBIO-SERV““YOUR ONE SOURCE”YOUR ONE SOURCE”
BROADENING YOUR EEBROADENING YOUR EEPROGRAM:PROGRAM:
• METHODS TO ALLEVIATE STRESS DURING DOSINGMETHODS TO ALLEVIATE STRESS DURING DOSING
• SOLUTIONS TO HELP THOSE WITH SPECIAL NEEDSSOLUTIONS TO HELP THOSE WITH SPECIAL NEEDS
• ENRICHMENT DEVICES AS MORE THAN TOYSENRICHMENT DEVICES AS MORE THAN TOYS
• EDIBLE TREATS AND THEIR BENEFITSEDIBLE TREATS AND THEIR BENEFITS
THINKING THINKING OUTSIDE THE OUTSIDE THE
CAGECAGE
BIO-SERVBIO-SERV““YOUR ONE SOURCE”YOUR ONE SOURCE”
Enhances physiological and Enhances physiological and
psychological well being of animalspsychological well being of animals
Does not perturb researchDoes not perturb research
Enrichment tools must be affordable, Enrichment tools must be affordable, reusable and easy to sanitizereusable and easy to sanitize
AN IDEAL EE PROGRAM:AN IDEAL EE PROGRAM:
Less stress, Less stereo-typical Less stress, Less stereo-typical behavior, Less variables. behavior, Less variables.
A BETTER RESEARCH MODEL!A BETTER RESEARCH MODEL!But
why?
BIO-SERVBIO-SERV““YOUR ONE SOURCE”YOUR ONE SOURCE”
WHEN CONSIDERING WHEN CONSIDERING ENRICHMENT ENRICHMENT
DEVICES,DEVICES, WHAT DO WE WANT WHAT DO WE WANT TO PROMOTE IN THE TO PROMOTE IN THE
SPECIES?SPECIES?
WHEN CONSIDERING WHEN CONSIDERING ENRICHMENT ENRICHMENT
DEVICES,DEVICES, WHAT DO WE WANT WHAT DO WE WANT TO PROMOTE IN THE TO PROMOTE IN THE
SPECIES?SPECIES?
BIO-SERVBIO-SERV““YOUR ONE SOURCE”YOUR ONE SOURCE”
SPECIES SPECIES SPECIFIC SPECIFIC BEHAVIORBEHAVIOR
SPECIES SPECIES SPECIFIC SPECIFIC BEHAVIORBEHAVIOR
BIO-SERVBIO-SERV““YOUR ONE SOURCE”YOUR ONE SOURCE”
WHY ENRICHMENT TREATS?WHY ENRICHMENT TREATS?WHY ENRICHMENT TREATS?WHY ENRICHMENT TREATS?
BIO-SERVBIO-SERV““YOUR ONE SOURCE”YOUR ONE SOURCE”
ENRICHMENT TREATS ARE ENRICHMENT TREATS ARE USED FOR: USED FOR:
ENRICHMENT TREATS ARE ENRICHMENT TREATS ARE USED FOR: USED FOR:
• Behavioral studiesBehavioral studies
• Picking/foraging Picking/foraging
• Positive reward for less Positive reward for less desirable proceduresdesirable procedures
•Stimulate appetiteStimulate appetite
BIO-SERVBIO-SERV““YOUR ONE SOURCE”YOUR ONE SOURCE”
ACCORDING TO NIH ACCORDING TO NIH
WHAT “FLAVOR” ISWHAT “FLAVOR” IS
DEEMED A RODENT’S DEEMED A RODENT’S
FAVORITE FLAVOR?FAVORITE FLAVOR?
BIO-SERVBIO-SERV““YOUR ONE SOURCE”YOUR ONE SOURCE”
WHERE'S THE BACON??
WHERE'S THE BACON??
BACONBACON
BIO-SERVBIO-SERV““YOUR ONE SOURCE”YOUR ONE SOURCE”
WHAT IS ONE OF THE MOST WHAT IS ONE OF THE MOST
COMMON POST SURGICALCOMMON POST SURGICAL
PROBLEM THE ANIMAL CAREPROBLEM THE ANIMAL CARE
STAFF NEEDS TO BE AWARE OF ?STAFF NEEDS TO BE AWARE OF ?
BIO-SERVBIO-SERV““YOUR ONE SOURCE”YOUR ONE SOURCE”
DEHYDRATIONDEHYDRATION
BIO-SERVBIO-SERV““YOUR ONE SOURCE”YOUR ONE SOURCE”
GENERALIZED ILLNESSGENERALIZED ILLNESSDENTAL PROBLEMSDENTAL PROBLEMSPHYSICAL OR NEUROLOGICAL PHYSICAL OR NEUROLOGICAL IMPAIRMENTSIMPAIRMENTSSTIMULATE APPETITESTIMULATE APPETITE
•NUTRA GELNUTRA GEL•BACON SOFTIESBACON SOFTIES•TRANSGENIC DOUGHTRANSGENIC DOUGH•LIQUID RODENT DIETSLIQUID RODENT DIETS
Special Diets
BIO-SERV“YOUR ONE SOURCE”
NATURAL BEHAVIORSNATURAL BEHAVIORS
VERSUSVERSUS
ABNORMAL BEHAVIORS ABNORMAL BEHAVIORS
NATURAL BEHAVIORSNATURAL BEHAVIORS
VERSUSVERSUS
ABNORMAL BEHAVIORS ABNORMAL BEHAVIORS
BIO-SERVBIO-SERV““YOUR ONE SOURCE”YOUR ONE SOURCE”
Environmental Enrichment for Laboratory Animals (2-Apr-2004)K. L. Stewart1 and K. Bayne21Freimann Life Science Center, University of Notre Dame, 400 Freimann Life Science Center, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
2AAALAC International, Rockville, MD, USA.
What is Stereotypic What is Stereotypic Behavior?Behavior?
What is Stereotypic What is Stereotypic Behavior?Behavior?
Defined as any ritualized, repetitive, Defined as any ritualized, repetitive, idiosyncratic, behavior that appears idiosyncratic, behavior that appears
to serve no function. to serve no function. (Berkson, 1968)(Berkson, 1968)
Defined as any ritualized, repetitive, Defined as any ritualized, repetitive, idiosyncratic, behavior that appears idiosyncratic, behavior that appears
to serve no function. to serve no function. (Berkson, 1968)(Berkson, 1968)
BIO-SERV“YOUR ONE SOURCE”
RODENTSRODENTSRODENTSRODENTS
Normal vs. Stereotypical BehaviorNormal vs. Stereotypical Behavior Normal vs. Stereotypical BehaviorNormal vs. Stereotypical Behavior
BIO-SERV“YOUR ONE SOURCE”
BIO-SERV“YOUR ONE SOURCE”
OUR CHALLENGE WHEN OUR CHALLENGE WHEN CARING FOR RODENTSCARING FOR RODENTSOUR CHALLENGE WHEN OUR CHALLENGE WHEN CARING FOR RODENTSCARING FOR RODENTS
The Wild Mouse--naturally lives in a 80,000 sq. meter area The Wild Mouse--naturally lives in a 80,000 sq. meter area
= 3.4 million shoe box cages*= 3.4 million shoe box cages**J Gardner May 2008 EE Extravaganza*J Gardner May 2008 EE Extravaganza
Are territorial--enhanced when crowdedAre territorial--enhanced when crowded
Are thigmotaxic--hug walls and are stressed in open spacesAre thigmotaxic--hug walls and are stressed in open spaces
64-68 degrees--mice are thermally distressed--huddle*64-68 degrees--mice are thermally distressed--huddle**Moberg 2000*Moberg 2000
Live in kin groupsLive in kin groups
Do best when they can choose a mateDo best when they can choose a mate
*Drickamer 2003*Drickamer 2003
The Wild Mouse--naturally lives in a 80,000 sq. meter area The Wild Mouse--naturally lives in a 80,000 sq. meter area
= 3.4 million shoe box cages*= 3.4 million shoe box cages**J Gardner May 2008 EE Extravaganza*J Gardner May 2008 EE Extravaganza
Are territorial--enhanced when crowdedAre territorial--enhanced when crowded
Are thigmotaxic--hug walls and are stressed in open spacesAre thigmotaxic--hug walls and are stressed in open spaces
64-68 degrees--mice are thermally distressed--huddle*64-68 degrees--mice are thermally distressed--huddle**Moberg 2000*Moberg 2000
Live in kin groupsLive in kin groups
Do best when they can choose a mateDo best when they can choose a mate
*Drickamer 2003*Drickamer 2003
BIO-SERVBIO-SERV““YOUR ONE SOURCE”YOUR ONE SOURCE”
WHAT DO RODENTS NEED?WHAT DO RODENTS NEED?
FORAGING FORAGING
GNAWINGGNAWING
OPPORTUNITY FOR NEST BUILDINGOPPORTUNITY FOR NEST BUILDING
SHELTERSHELTER
BIO-SERV“YOUR ONE SOURCE”
NAME SOME NEST BUILDINGNAME SOME NEST BUILDINGACTIVITIES*ACTIVITIES*
*J GARNER MAY 2008 EE EXTRAVAGANZA*J GARNER MAY 2008 EE EXTRAVAGANZA
DIG/HOLLOWDIG/HOLLOW
HEAT MATERIALHEAT MATERIAL
HOLLOW BURROWHOLLOW BURROW
SORT MATERIALSSORT MATERIALSEXPAND EXPAND
WEAVE MATERIALWEAVE MATERIAL
Bar- MouthingBar- MouthingJumpingJumping
Back-flippingBack-flippingBarberingBarbering
TwirlingTwirlingWurbel and Garner, Wurbel and Garner,
20022002
Bar- MouthingBar- MouthingJumpingJumping
Back-flippingBack-flippingBarberingBarbering
TwirlingTwirlingWurbel and Garner, Wurbel and Garner,
20022002
BIO-SERV“YOUR ONE SOURCE”
Rodent Stereotypical BehaviorRodent Stereotypical BehaviorRodent Stereotypical BehaviorRodent Stereotypical Behavior
Mice Flipping/SomersaultingMice Flipping/SomersaultingMice Flipping/SomersaultingMice Flipping/Somersaulting
23
Mice TwirlingMice TwirlingMice TwirlingMice Twirling
24
Rodent ArticlesRodent ArticlesRodent ArticlesRodent Articles
Social Housing-Social Housing-
Whenever possible rodents should be housed socially Whenever possible rodents should be housed socially in compatible groups- usually one male with several in compatible groups- usually one male with several females is the most successful. Females can be kept females is the most successful. Females can be kept with mice consisting of familiar animals (Woflensohn with mice consisting of familiar animals (Woflensohn and Lloyd, 1998)and Lloyd, 1998)
Singly housed animals show signs of impaired welfare Singly housed animals show signs of impaired welfare and cause social isolation (Wurbel 2002)and cause social isolation (Wurbel 2002)
Nesting MaterialNesting Material
Mice use different types of nesting material depending Mice use different types of nesting material depending upon the strain- shredded paper, paper towels, paper upon the strain- shredded paper, paper towels, paper strips, commercial nesting fibers, wood shavings ect. strips, commercial nesting fibers, wood shavings ect. (Olsson and Dahlborn, 2002)(Olsson and Dahlborn, 2002)
Social Housing-Social Housing-
Whenever possible rodents should be housed socially Whenever possible rodents should be housed socially in compatible groups- usually one male with several in compatible groups- usually one male with several females is the most successful. Females can be kept females is the most successful. Females can be kept with mice consisting of familiar animals (Woflensohn with mice consisting of familiar animals (Woflensohn and Lloyd, 1998)and Lloyd, 1998)
Singly housed animals show signs of impaired welfare Singly housed animals show signs of impaired welfare and cause social isolation (Wurbel 2002)and cause social isolation (Wurbel 2002)
Nesting MaterialNesting Material
Mice use different types of nesting material depending Mice use different types of nesting material depending upon the strain- shredded paper, paper towels, paper upon the strain- shredded paper, paper towels, paper strips, commercial nesting fibers, wood shavings ect. strips, commercial nesting fibers, wood shavings ect. (Olsson and Dahlborn, 2002)(Olsson and Dahlborn, 2002)
25
Rodent ArticlesRodent ArticlesRodent ArticlesRodent Articles
Cage StructuresCage Structures--
More controversial than nesting material. More controversial than nesting material.
Canadian Council on Animal Care (1993)- using cage Canadian Council on Animal Care (1993)- using cage structures for mice yielded equivocal results.structures for mice yielded equivocal results.
Leach (2000) found that providing structural enrichment Leach (2000) found that providing structural enrichment to rats= increased exploratory behavior, less bar to rats= increased exploratory behavior, less bar gnawing, less drinking behavior. gnawing, less drinking behavior.
Shelters and complex cages may benefit some mice, Shelters and complex cages may benefit some mice, can induce territoriality and become issues for others can induce territoriality and become issues for others (Ollson and Dahlborn , 2002)(Ollson and Dahlborn , 2002)
Providing shelters to mice showed positive effects on Providing shelters to mice showed positive effects on animal welfare and allow for mice easieranimal welfare and allow for mice easier
handling (Moons et al (2004)handling (Moons et al (2004)
Cage StructuresCage Structures--
More controversial than nesting material. More controversial than nesting material.
Canadian Council on Animal Care (1993)- using cage Canadian Council on Animal Care (1993)- using cage structures for mice yielded equivocal results.structures for mice yielded equivocal results.
Leach (2000) found that providing structural enrichment Leach (2000) found that providing structural enrichment to rats= increased exploratory behavior, less bar to rats= increased exploratory behavior, less bar gnawing, less drinking behavior. gnawing, less drinking behavior.
Shelters and complex cages may benefit some mice, Shelters and complex cages may benefit some mice, can induce territoriality and become issues for others can induce territoriality and become issues for others (Ollson and Dahlborn , 2002)(Ollson and Dahlborn , 2002)
Providing shelters to mice showed positive effects on Providing shelters to mice showed positive effects on animal welfare and allow for mice easieranimal welfare and allow for mice easier
handling (Moons et al (2004)handling (Moons et al (2004)26
BIO-SERVBIO-SERV““YOUR ONE SOURCE”YOUR ONE SOURCE”
CAN YOU NAME CAN YOU NAME THREE THREE
BIO-SERV RODENT BIO-SERV RODENT BREEDING TIPS?BREEDING TIPS?
CAN YOU NAME CAN YOU NAME THREE THREE
BIO-SERV RODENT BIO-SERV RODENT BREEDING TIPS?BREEDING TIPS?
BIO-SERVBIO-SERV““YOUR ONE SOURCE”YOUR ONE SOURCE”
HINTS FOR HINTS FOR SUCCESSFUL RODENT BREEDINGSUCCESSFUL RODENT BREEDING
HINTS FOR HINTS FOR SUCCESSFUL RODENT BREEDINGSUCCESSFUL RODENT BREEDING
Love Mash Love Mash Love Mash Love Mash
Supreme Mini TreatsSupreme Mini Treats
Transitioning Diets--Bacon SoftiesTransitioning Diets--Bacon Softies
Sheltering--IgloosSheltering--Igloos
FertilityFertilityFertilityFertility
LOVE MASHLOVE MASH -high fat diet -simple formula- cod liver oil -high fat diet -simple formula- cod liver oil
basebase -increases lactation/size of dam/size of pups -increases lactation/size of dam/size of pups
up to 40%. up to 40%. - give as supplement at cage level-not sole - give as supplement at cage level-not sole
dietdiet -1-2 pieces per day from breeding through -1-2 pieces per day from breeding through
weaningweaning
LOVE MASHLOVE MASH -high fat diet -simple formula- cod liver oil -high fat diet -simple formula- cod liver oil
basebase -increases lactation/size of dam/size of pups -increases lactation/size of dam/size of pups
up to 40%. up to 40%. - give as supplement at cage level-not sole - give as supplement at cage level-not sole
dietdiet -1-2 pieces per day from breeding through -1-2 pieces per day from breeding through
weaningweaning
29
CannibalismCannibalismCannibalismCannibalism
CHOCOLATE MINI TREATSCHOCOLATE MINI TREATS
-Dissuades dam from ingesting pups -Dissuades dam from ingesting pups
after giving birthafter giving birth
-Once dam drops pups, give 1 treat -Once dam drops pups, give 1 treat
few times daily for few daysfew times daily for few days
-9 times out of 10 dam eats-9 times out of 10 dam eats
chocolate mini instead of pupchocolate mini instead of pup
CHOCOLATE MINI TREATSCHOCOLATE MINI TREATS
-Dissuades dam from ingesting pups -Dissuades dam from ingesting pups
after giving birthafter giving birth
-Once dam drops pups, give 1 treat -Once dam drops pups, give 1 treat
few times daily for few daysfew times daily for few days
-9 times out of 10 dam eats-9 times out of 10 dam eats
chocolate mini instead of pupchocolate mini instead of pup
30
ShelteringShelteringShelteringSheltering
Several sheltering options provided by Bio-ServSeveral sheltering options provided by Bio-Serv -Bio-Huts-paper huts-Bio-Huts-paper huts -Pup Tents-Pup Tents -Igloos-Igloos
Several sheltering options provided by Bio-ServSeveral sheltering options provided by Bio-Serv -Bio-Huts-paper huts-Bio-Huts-paper huts -Pup Tents-Pup Tents -Igloos-Igloos
31
Igloo StudyIgloo StudyIgloo StudyIgloo Study
••Study at Mass GeneralStudy at Mass General -performed on over 2000 breeder cages-performed on over 2000 breeder cages -igloos and nestlets in each cage-igloos and nestlets in each cage -Results: 50% of dams kept pups in nestlets, 50% in -Results: 50% of dams kept pups in nestlets, 50% in
igloos. Regardless, if igloo was present in the cage- 76% igloos. Regardless, if igloo was present in the cage- 76% increase in pup survival rate. increase in pup survival rate.
-Found that if dams kept pups in nestlets, positioned -Found that if dams kept pups in nestlets, positioned igloos to move airflow away from pups= decrease in igloos to move airflow away from pups= decrease in physiologic stress. If used igloos, decreased stress of physiologic stress. If used igloos, decreased stress of the dam by using igloo floors and decreasing the dam by using igloo floors and decreasing contamination and stress of the dam.contamination and stress of the dam.
••Study at Mass GeneralStudy at Mass General -performed on over 2000 breeder cages-performed on over 2000 breeder cages -igloos and nestlets in each cage-igloos and nestlets in each cage -Results: 50% of dams kept pups in nestlets, 50% in -Results: 50% of dams kept pups in nestlets, 50% in
igloos. Regardless, if igloo was present in the cage- 76% igloos. Regardless, if igloo was present in the cage- 76% increase in pup survival rate. increase in pup survival rate.
-Found that if dams kept pups in nestlets, positioned -Found that if dams kept pups in nestlets, positioned igloos to move airflow away from pups= decrease in igloos to move airflow away from pups= decrease in physiologic stress. If used igloos, decreased stress of physiologic stress. If used igloos, decreased stress of the dam by using igloo floors and decreasing the dam by using igloo floors and decreasing contamination and stress of the dam.contamination and stress of the dam.
32
BIO-SERVBIO-SERV““YOUR ONE SOURCE”YOUR ONE SOURCE”
WHAT IS THE WHAT IS THE PERFECT EE PERFECT EE
SOLUTION FOR SOLUTION FOR RODENTS?RODENTS?
WHAT IS THE WHAT IS THE PERFECT EE PERFECT EE
SOLUTION FOR SOLUTION FOR RODENTS?RODENTS?
BIO-SERVBIO-SERV““YOUR ONE SOURCE”YOUR ONE SOURCE”
THERE IS NONE!THERE IS NONE!THERE IS NONE!THERE IS NONE! WE HAVE COME A LONG WAYWE HAVE COME A LONG WAY
MORE RESEARCH NEEDEDMORE RESEARCH NEEDED
NO ONE SIZE FITS ALLNO ONE SIZE FITS ALL
KNOW YOUR ANIMAL(S)KNOW YOUR ANIMAL(S)
KEEP THE SPECIES IN MIND VERSUS KEEP THE SPECIES IN MIND VERSUS HUMAN CONVENIENCESHUMAN CONVENIENCES
WE HAVE COME A LONG WAYWE HAVE COME A LONG WAY
MORE RESEARCH NEEDEDMORE RESEARCH NEEDED
NO ONE SIZE FITS ALLNO ONE SIZE FITS ALL
KNOW YOUR ANIMAL(S)KNOW YOUR ANIMAL(S)
KEEP THE SPECIES IN MIND VERSUS KEEP THE SPECIES IN MIND VERSUS HUMAN CONVENIENCESHUMAN CONVENIENCES
QUESTIONS/DISCUSSIONQUESTIONS/DISCUSSIONQUESTIONS/DISCUSSIONQUESTIONS/DISCUSSION
ANY QUESTIONS??ANY QUESTIONS??