Bio-Oil Production- Pyrolysis

8/11/2019 Bio-Oil Production- Pyrolysis

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FAST PYROLYSISBIO-OIL

Oscar AbricaJie Fu

Shimme SharmaHardik Savani


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Outline

Introduction Biomass Approaches Pyrolysis Bio-Oil Selection Raw Material, Reactor and Land Key Factors Fast Pyrolysis Fast Pyrolysis Process Cost Applications and Advantages Results and Conclusion

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Need for Bio-refinery

Present situation:

- Depletion of fossil fuel

- Increasing demand of energy- Green house effect

- Need for a renewable energy

source

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energy production

Renewable energy

86-90%

Worldwide Energy production:

10-14%

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Biomass

Any biological matter that can be usedto produce energy.

Composed of mainly celluloses,

hemicelluloses, lignin and some minoramount of other organics

Most common renewable energy source

Wood, agriculture waste, forestresidue, municipal waste, etc.

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Approaches

Biochemical

- Fermentation

- Anaerobic digestion Thermochemical

- Combustion

- Gasification- pyrolysis

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Pyrolysis

Heating of biomass in the absence of O2 Require very high temperature (400-700oC) Reactions involve:

- Depolymerisation- Hydrolysis- Oxidation- Dehydration- Decarboxylation

3 main products:- Solid phase(Charcoal)- Non-condensable gases

- Condensable vapour(Pyrolysis-oil) 7


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ConventionalorSlow pyrolysis

Fast orFlashPyrolysis

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Bio-oil

Dark brownish viscous organic liquid

Derived from organic compound(Biomass)

Composed of complex oxygenatedcompounds

Water soluble (derived from hemicellulose andcellulose)

Water insoluble (derived from lignin)

Resemblance to fossil fuel

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Why Fast pyrolysis?

Produces high liquid yield and low solidyield

Short residence time

Major product is in liquid form

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Why cyclone reactor?

Excellent heat transfer efficiency Very short residence time Simultaneous separation of solid by-products &

unreacted particles from gaseous products Essential reactions of pyrolysis carried out in

the same vessel:- Fast heating

- Chemical decomposition- Efficient friction- Further reactions of the primary products- Cleaning of the evolved gas

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Raw material- Why saw dust?

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Key Parts Fast Pyrolysis Process

High Temperature


Anaerobic Fast Cooling

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High Temperatura inside reactor

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High Temperature



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Short Residence Time

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High Temperature



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Anaerobic

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High Temperature



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Fast Cooling

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Fast Pyrolysis Procces

Raw Material Pre-treatment

Fast Pyrolysis

Condensation Process Integration (syngas, charcoal,

fluegas, steam)

Storage

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Flow-Sheet

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Flow-Sheet

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Flow-Sheet

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Flow-Sheet

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Flow-Sheet

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Mass balance

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Mass input

Sawdust 100 tonsN2 346.587 kgAir 895.104 kg

Mass output

Bio-oil 70 tonsFlue gas 16.242 tons (Which can be used to drivea gas turbine and then dry sawdust)

Mass consumed within systemSyngas 15 tonsCharcoal 10 tonsVolume of cyclone reactor: V=67mHeight3.5m; Diameter: 5m


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Transportation facility & cost

Based on geographical location &condition of road available- trucks arein size of 17 tons capacity.

Average travelling cost is $0.45 perkilometre

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PYROLYSIS Bio-Oil Plan Cost

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Applications

Valuable chemicals- water solubility

Whole product as chemical- presence of mostabundant functional groups

Bio-fertilizer

Insecticides and fungicides

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Contd...

Wood preservative

To improve uneven skin like stretchmark, skin burn, dried skin etc.

As fuel with diesel with aid ofsurfactants

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Advantages

High flash point- less flammable

Exhaust fumes are less toxic

Biologically degradable and lessdamaging

Application in energy power production

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Challenges

Half heating value than the petroleum fuel Costly

Raw material availability Inconsistent quality Unstable- required upgrading techniques

like hydrotreatment Engine modification required Unfamiliar product for consumer Consideration of environmental health &

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Upgrading of Bio-oil

Difficult for transportation & storage- Highly oxygenated with low octane

number

Solution- Hydrodeoxygenation Produce highly valuable hydrocarbon

composed bio-oil

Formation of saturated C-C bond & water inreaction- increase heating value Complicated & expensive

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Marketing

Chemical industries

Power generating industries

Cosmetic industries Pharmaceutical industries

Fertilizer making industries

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Result & Conclusion

70 tons of bio-oil from 100 tons ofsawdust

To achieve high efficient process:- Strict anaerobic condition requiredin cyclone reactor

- High & fast heat to saw dust

- Rapid condensing of bio-oil vapour

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Thank You

Gracias

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Documents

Bio-Oil Production- Pyrolysis