Bio Form 5 Circulatory System

8/13/2019 Bio Form 5 Circulatory System

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Circulation

The circulatory systemcarries blood anddissolved substance to

and from different placesin the body.Our body resembles alarge roadmap, Thereare routes or arteriesthat take you downtownto the heart of the city.

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3 Major Parts of the Circulatorysystem

Medium blood or haemolymph- carries important *stuff through

body

Heart pumps or pushes blood through body

Blood Vessels arteries, veins andcapillaries.

- routes blood travels

* Stuff includes oxygen, food, & waste


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whats inErythrocytes

(red blood cells) Leucocytes(white blood cells)

plateletsplasma


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The Blood

plasma

red blood cell white blood cell

platelets


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Plasma

A straw -coloured

liquid thatcarries thecells and theplatelets which helpblood clot.

carbon dioxide glucose amino acids proteins minerals vitamins

hormones waste materials

like urea .

It also contains usefulthings like;


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ErythrocytesBright Minds 016-6412016 Thuran

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Erythrocytescontain haemoglobin , amolecule specially designedto hold oxygen and carry itto cells that need it.

can change shape to an amazingextent, without breaking, as itsqueezes single file through thecapillaries.

a biconcave disc that isround and flat without a nucleus


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PlateletsPlatelets are bits of cell

broken off larger cells.

Platelets producetiny fibrinogen fibres to form a net.

This net traps otherblood cells to form ablood clot.


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Leucocytes Fight and kill

germs thatmay enter yourbloodstream


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Granulocytes Agranulocytes

Leucocytes

Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils Lymphocytes Monocytes


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Erythrocytes Leucocytes

Has biconcave discshape

No fixed shape

No nucleus Has a big nucleus

Transporting Oxygengases Fight infection invarious way


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blood from the heart gets around

the body through blood vessels

There are 3 types of blood vessels

a. ARTERY

b. VEIN

c. CAPILLARY


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lumen

Elastic fibreWall

(thick, muscularand elastic)

Wall(thin, less muscular

and less elastic)

Arteries Veins

Wall(one cell thick)

Capillaries


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The ARTERYArteries carry blood away from the heart.

Arteri membawa darah dari jantung

the elastic fibres allow

the artery to str t h under pressure

Blood pressure is high

Carries blood from heartto tissues (organ)

Bring oxygenated blood exceptpulmonary artery

Elastic fibre


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The VEINVeins carry blood towards the heart.

Membawa darah kepada jantung

veins have valves whichact to stop the bloodfrom going in the wrongdirection.

Blood pressure is very low

Carries blood fromtissues (organ) to the

heart

Bring deoxygenated blood exceptpulmonary vein


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The CAPILLARYCapillaries link Arteries with Veins

Menghubungkan arteri dan vena

the wall of a capillaryis only one cell thick

Enable the diffusion ofgases, nutrients,

hormones, waste productbetween blood and tissue

The exchange of materialsbetween the blood and thebody can only occur throughcapillaries.

lumen

endothelium(one cell thick)

cell

Blood content is mixed


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artery vein

capillariesbody cell

The CAPILLARYA collection of capillaries is known as a capillary bed .


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lungs

head & arms

liver

digestive system

kidneys

legs

pulmonary artery

aorta

pulmonary vein

main vein

LeftRight

How does this system work?

Circulatory System


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Lungs

Body cells

Our circulatory system is a double circulatory system.This means it has two parts

the right side ofthe system

deals with

deoxygenated blood.

the left side ofthe system

deals with

oxygenated blood.

Circulatory System


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The Heart

These are arteries .They carry bloodaway from the heart.

This is a vein. It bringsblood from the body,except the lungs.

Coronary arteries,the hearts ownblood supply

The heart has four chambers

2 atria

2 ventricles

now lets look inside the heart


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The Heart

Left Ventricle

Left AtriumRight Atrium

Right Ventricle

Tricuspid valve

Pulmonary vein

Aorta Pulmonary artery

Vena cava

Bicuspid valve


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How does the Heart work?

blood from thebody

blood fromthe lungs

- The heart beat begins when theatria muscles relax and blood

flows into the atria.

-Deoxygenated blood (from wholebody) enter the right atrium via venacava

- oxygenated blood (from the lung)enter the left atria via pulmonaryvein.

STEP ONE


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- The atria then contract and the valves open toallow blood into the

ventricles.- Blood in RA go through

tricuspid valve to enter

RV- Blood in LA go throughbicuspid valve to enterLV.


STEP TWO


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- When the ventricles contract,the tricuspid and bicuspidvalve will close and semilunarvalves is forced to open.

- At the same time, blood ispushed into pulmonary arteryand aorta.

- At the same time, the atriaare relaxing and once again

filling with blood.- What happen when the

ventricles relax?

The cycle then repeats itself .

STEP THREE


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Lub

If you listen to your heartbeat,it makes a lubdub sound.

The lub is when bloodis pushed out of the

heart into the bodyand the dub is thereloading of the heartwith more blood readyto push it out to thebody

DubBright Minds 016-6412016 Thuran

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From AV node, the impulses spread tobunle of His, bundle branches andPurkinje fibres which cause the ventricles

to contract. The pacemaker is regulated by:

Parasimpathetic nerve: slow down the heart

beat Sympathetic nerve: speed up the heart beat. Adrenaline hormone: speed up the heart beat

during fear/excitement


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1.7 contraction of skeletal musclearound the veins

Blood pressure in veins is lower comparedto artery.

Therefore, the flows of blood back to heartare helped by

When the skeletal muscles contract, theveins will constrict and the blood pushalong the veins in one direction due to thepresence of valve in vein.


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SUMMARYcopy and complete the following;

Arteries take blood ______ from the heart. The walls of an artery

are made up of thick _________ walls and elastic fibres. Veins

carry blood ________ the heart and also have valves. The

_________ link arteries and veins, and have a one cell thick wall.

Blood is made up of four main things ______, the liquid part of the

blood; Red Blood Cells to carry ______; White Blood cells to protect

the body from disease and _________ to help blood clot.


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SUMMARYcopy and complete the following;

Arteries take blood ______ from the heart. The walls of an artery

are made up of thick _________ walls and elastic fibres. Veins

carry blood ________ the heart and also have valves. The

_________ link arteries and veins, and have a one cell thick wall.

Blood is made up of four main things ______, the liquid part of the

blood; Red Blood Cells to carry ______; White Blood cells to protect

the body from disease and _________ to help blood clot.

away

platelets

towards

capillaries

plasma

oxygen

muscular


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Documents

Bio Form 5 Circulatory System