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Energy from Biomass
Laboratory training
General information and introduction
Hochschule Bremerhaven, WS 2013/2014
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dieter Lompe
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Seite 1
Content page
1 General aspects 2
2 General task 2
2.1 Introduction 2
2.2 Group tasks 2
Literature 5
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1 General aspects
This laboratory training is part of the module Energy from
Biomass and consists of 2 SWS.
Because of long term experiments cannot be realized within 2
hours per week, groups of 2 to
4 students are responsible for each experiment in order to be
flexible to maintain experi-
ments continuously if that is necessary during the experimental
phase.
At the end of the semester a written report has to be handed in
where the contribution of
each individual student of each group is declared and each
chapter is written by only one
student.
The report should meet the requirements of scientific
publications in engineering, in particular
regarding literature use and citation (see: How to do a
technical reportor Hinweise fr Ab-schlussarbeiten).
2 General task
2.1 Introduction
In order to reduce the influence of energetic use of biomass on
food supply non-food bio-
mass should be prefered for energy conversion processes. High
temperature processes like
incineration or gasification often are not appropriate for small
scale installations while biologi-
cal processes do not convert all organic material. In particular
lingo-cellulose needs some
disintegration as pretreatment if it should be convertet e.g. to
biogas. On the other hand
straw, rice shells and other agricultural waste containing
lingo-cellulose has a high potential
for decentralized energy supply in rural areas, even in low
industrialized countries or regions.
In this laboratory training experiments should be designed, set
up, and carried out to deter-
mine the influence of different pre-treatment on biogas
production from straw.
2.2 Group tasks
As pre-treatment of straw for the groups should be used:
cutting down to particles of 1 to 2 cm
milling down to particles of 0.5 to 1 mm
thermal treatment in water at 100 to 120 C
chemical treatment with acid
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On the basis of a literature review, the given introduction, and
available laboratory equipment
the details of pre-treatment and digestion should be calculated
and designed (see. e.g. VDI
2006).
Practical laboratory work consists of
setting up reactors including gas measurement,
check on even small leaks
pre-treatment of straw
operation of digestion experiment
analysis and measurements
evaluation of results
Basic design of a continously operated full scale plant on the
basis of literature and ex-
perimental data. Groups are free to choose the size of the plant
as long as reasons
are given that it is a realistic size.
The report should consist of
introduction
critical rewiev regarding results from literature
description of material and methods
description of experiments
results
basic engineering calculations for a continuously operated
process
conclusion
appendices.
All groupmembers are responsible that the workload is shared
equally. Also workload for the
report has to be shared equally. In the case of difficulties
supervisors have to be informed
early.
Until end of October the desing for the laboratory batch process
as well as literature review
regarding pretreatment has to be handed in and presented.
Experiments has to be started at
the beginning of November and should be finished until Christmas
break.
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During the experimental phase groupmembers are responsible to
organize dayly measure-
ment of gasproduction as well as dayly maintenance if necessary.
For discussion of results
and / or problems participation in the weekly meeting is a duty
for all participants.
Without participation in the introduction and the safety
introduction a participation in the ex-
perimental phase is not possible.
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Literature
VDI 2006 Verein Deutscher Ingenieure (VDI) (Hrsg.): Fermentation
of organic ma-
terials, VDI-Method 4630. Beuth Verlag, Berlin 2006
