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„International Conference on the Future of Energy in Enlarged Europe: Perspectives for R&D Co-operation”. A contribution within the context of the Weimar Triangle Warsaw, October 7 th , 2004. Bio-energy in Poland Bioresources, industry & RTD potentials. Grzegorz Wisniewski - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Bio-energy in PolandBioresources, industry & RTD potentials
Grzegorz [email protected]
EC Baltic Renewable Energy Centre – Centre of ExcellenceInstitute for Building, Mechanisation and Electrification of Agriculture
Warsaw, Poland,
www.ecbrec.pl
„International Conference on the Future of Energy in Enlarged Europe: Perspectives for R&D Co-operation”.
A contribution within the context of the Weimar Triangle
Warsaw, October 7th, 2004
Poland: general data: land useGeneral data
Area 312 thous km2
Forestry area 8,9 mln ha
Woodiness 9,4%
Timber removals 26,9 hm3
Agriculture land 18,4 mln ha
Sown area 2,6 mln ha
59,67%
29,41%
1,61%
0,12%
3,42%3,08%
2,69% agricultural land
forests and wooded landwaters
minerals
transport
residentialwasteland
Lithuania
Malta Cyprus
Slovenia
Slovakia
Poland
Czech Republik
Hungary Latvia
Estonia
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
- 1,00 2,00 3,00 4,00 5,00 6,00 7,00 8,00 9,00 10,00
Agricultural area per capita, ha
Fu
el im
po
rt d
epen
dan
cy, %
of
all f
uel
s
Opportunities for energy crops in the EU NMS
Biggest bio-energy export potential
Policy & legal drivers for RES in Poland and EU NMS
Country RES targets (primary energy)
RES-E targets 2010
RES Act or national programme
Environmental funds
Feed-in tariff/quota obligation
Cyprus 9% 2010 6% National Programme ?
Czech Republic 4% 2010
7% 2030
8% National Program
Estonia - 5,1%
Hungary 7,2 % 2010 3,6% National Programe under preparation
Latvia 12% 2010 49,3%
Lithuania - 7% National Program
Malta - 5% ?
Poland 7% 2010
14% 2020
7,5% Biofuel act- quota targets (biodiesel and bioethanol)
Quota obligation*
Slovakia 4% 2005 31% ?
Slovenia 12% 2010 33,6%
*Usually quota obligation does not favour advanced technology development
Forecast for the primary energy use in Poland till 2020 in PJ,
„National Energy Policy”, reference scenario
1 9 9 7 2 0 0 5 2 0 1 0 2 0 1 5 2 0 2 00
1 0 0 0
2 0 0 0
3 0 0 0
4 0 0 0
5 0 0 0
H ard co a lB ro w n co a lC ru d o ilN a tu ra l g asR en ew ab les
No nuclear energy in Poland!
Utilisation of renewable energy sources in Poland ‘2002 (source: EC BREC)
*Biomass – 92% of total production of renewable energy
SourceCapacity
(MW)Electricity
Production (GWh)Heat production
(TJ)Total energy
production (TJ)
Contribution to total energy production
Biomass ~6500 310 102056 103173 92.0
Solar 17 - 37 37 0.0
Geothermal +
heat pumps89 - 526 526 0.5
Wind 29 60 - 216 0.2
Hydro
(small plants
<5 MW)
524 (185) 2276 (698) - 8192 (2511) 7.3 (2.2)
Total ~7100 2646 102619 112146 100.0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000
Wind power plants
Small hydropower plants
Photovoltaic systems
Municipal biogas plants
Agricultural biogas plants
Landfill gas
Solar collectors
Solar water collectors
Wood-fired heating plants
Straw-fired heating plants
Small biomass boilers
Wood CHP
Geothermal heating plants
[MW]
Expected structure of capacity increase in RES in Poland 2002- 2010
National Renewable Energy Strategy ‘2001
RES target ‘2010 – - 7,5% TPS
Official short term technological priorities?
Generation of energy from RES in Development Strategy of Renewable Energy Sources
Total production of energy in 2010, TJ
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000
Wind power plants
Small hydro-electric power plants
Photovoltaic systems
Town biogas plants
Farm biogas plants
Landfill gas
Wood-fired combined heat and power plants
Automatic wood-fired heating plants
Automatic straw-fired heating plants
Independent biomass-fired boilers
Rape oil methyl esters
Bioethanol
Geothermal heating plants
Solar air collectors
Solar water collectors
FORESTRY FIRE-WOD POTENTIAL
Woodiness in Voivodships and timber harvest [m3/100 ha] (GUS - Forestry Statistics 2002) 10
Forestry area 8,9 mln ha
Woodiness 28,3%
Timber removals 26,9 Mm3
Afforestations 63.000 ha/a
Long-term plan 0,7 Mha by ‘2020
ACTUAL PROD FOR ENERGY
FIRE-WOOD – 1,5 Mm3
SMALL-SIZE – 0,7 Mm3
FUTURE
LOGGING RESIDUE – 1-1,6 Mm3
ROOT & STUMWOOD – 1,6 Mm3
SMALL-SIZE (EARLY THINNINGS) – 2,5 Mm3
STRAW POTENTIALS
PRODUCTION T/a
Cereals 25,5 mln
Rape 1 mln
Needs T/a
Feeding and litter
13 mln
Plaughing 2,5 mln
SURPLUS 11 mln
No of pig farms above 500 units
No of poultry farms above 5000 units
No of cow farms above 100 units
Biogas technical potential; 26 PJ in total
CO-FIRING (biomass+coal), large power plants, industry BIOMASS DISTRICT HEATING (municipalities)
CHP (small and medium scale, industry, municipalities)
TRANSPORT (biodiesel, bioethanol)Problem: development of solid biofuels market
BIOGAS (from agriculture)
BIOMASS GASIFICATIONProblem: market maturity of technologies
Bioenergy market:
short and medium term opportunities
Bioenergy Market- role of biomass co-firing
• Accession Treaty–an indicative RES-E goal for Poland ‘2010 - 7.5% • Governmental assumption: 4% of green electricity from biomass co-
fring in coal power plants in 2010 – equivalent of some 8-10 million tons (10-12 million m3) of fuel
• The present logging of wood - 2.5 million m3, missing –9-10 million m3 should therefore come mostly from energy crops (ca. 300 thousand hectares) or be imported
• Resulting competitions and conflicts of interests: -land competition (food-energy), -biofuels import-export competition, -competition for current limited biomass resources for
green heat & green & liquid biofuels production, -sustainability of agriculture &energy?
Drivers for bio-energy deployment
Good public perception and the role of bio-energy RTD
P R O M O T IO N & IN F O R M A T IO N
POL IC Y
& R EG
ION A L
STRA TEGIES
R ESEA R C H
& D
EV ELOPM
EN T
INTEGRATIONOF ACTIVITIES
The results of Polish bioenergy RTD scan Source: ERA-Bioenergy ‘2003
• About 150 experts and scientific workers are active in bioenergy
• Comparable small research groups: 1-4 scientists
• Annually budget in bioenergy area - about 2 000 000 EUR
• Rather small scale dispersed projects: 5000 – 50000 EUR/year
• Biggest projects financed by FP5
• A few bilateral projects: Sweden, Germany, ...
• Two national bioenergy programmes under preparation
• Participation of Poland in NoE Bioenergy (FP6)
Share of biomass to energy conversion topics in RTD projects ‘2002
C o m b u s t i o n1 8 %
G a s i f i c a t i o n1 2 %
F l u e g a s t r e a t m e n t8 %
P y r o l y s i s8 %C o m b i n e d H e a t a n d P o w e r
1 4 %
F e r m e n t a t i o n6 %
T r a n s e s t e r i f i c a t i o n4 %
A n a e r o b i c d i g e s t i o n8 %
M a t e r i a l s6 %
C o r r o s i o n2 %
P h y s i c a l p r o c e s s e s4 %
F e e d s t o c k p r e p a r a t i o n1 0 %Since ‘2003
new topic – biomass co-firing with coal due to new legislation and industrial interest
Source: ERA Bioenergy, FP5,’2003
INTEGRATION of NATIONAL RTDPolish Sustainable Energy RTD Network of CoE
Fuel cells
Hydrogen
Ener gy
socio-economics
Eco-bu
ildings
Poligeneration
Energy storage
Biomass
PV
Wind
Geo
ther
mal
en
ergy
RE
Sin
t egr
ati o
n
SHP
CO
2 sequ
estr
atio
n
Electri
city
Steering Committee
6FP
NC
P
Europ
ean
Com
mission
KB
NRENEWABLE RELATED
RE
NEW
ABLE
S SUSTAINABLE
ENERGY
EC BREC – coordinatorof bio-energy sub-network
Institue for Energy –coordinator
R&D of renewable technologies
Market stimulation by subsidies and legal instruments
SMALL SCALE OF
PRODUCTION
HIGH COSTS
„VICIOUS CIRCLE” OF BIOENERGY
TECHNOLOGIES Area of co-operation with
industry and scientific
centres
Area of co-operation with local governments in implementation of projects
Overcoming barriers to development of bioenergy
Strength of bio-energy in Poland
•Considerable bio-resources availability at lower than in EU-15 cost (land and labour);
•Potential surplus of agricultural production and opportunities for energy crops production
•Attractive short term options for heat and CHP production: coal to biomass (co-firing) or biogas instead of imported gas/oil
•Continuous improvement of bio-energy policy and legal framework, driven by the EU regulations
•Strong agriculture and agro-industry lobby
Bio-energy research suffers from under-funding but the existing research potential is considerable and should be one of the national RTD assets in near future
Temporary focus on short and medium term research is essential for better involvement of bio-energy industry and for increase of the share of private funding for energy RTD.
There is a need for joint setting of relevant RTD bio-energy priorities and measures in Poland, considering biomass resources, maturity and potential of industry, as well as current specialisation and possible co-operation with others EU MS.
Open questions:
will Poland be one of the bio-energy leading country in the EU and advanced technology creator or just technology imitator
how much Poland wil contribute to the ERA in scope of renewable energy/bio-energy?
Polish Bio-energy RTD – theses for further discussion