Bio 9B: Monday, January 3, 2011Title: Cell Specialization & Muscle Cells

Homework: Read Section 36-2 (pgs. 926-931, but skip/skim over pg. 929). Use active reading strategies: see assignment sheet for details.

Extended Do Now: Get a worksheet and complete Task #1 (5 min) then wait for the

next two parts

Compare answers/drawings with your neighbor Complete Task #2 with the person sitting next to you

Today’s Objectives: Describe how different types of cells have different structures to

fit their functions Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to

contract to create movement

Extended Do Now: “Typical” Human Cell

Objectives for Class:• Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions• Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement

Extended Do Now: Specialized Cells have Specialized Structures

Objectives for Class:• Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions• Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement

MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

Biology 9 – Moretti & Dickson

Bio 9B: Tuesday, January 4, 2011Title: Muscle Cells Day 2

Homework: Complete the Chicken Wing Dissection Analysis

Extended Do Now: What functions do the musculoskeletal system

do for the body?

Today’s Objectives: Describe how different types of cells have

different structures to fit their functions Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells

that allow them to contract to create movement

How do we do this?

The Musculoskeletal System

Overall Functions: Move the body, or parts of

the body Support body & maintain

posture(keep you standing/sitting upright)

Made up of… Skeletal muscles Bones (skeletal system) Connective tissues

Tendons connect muscle to bone

Ligaments connect bone to boneObjectives for Class:

• Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions• Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement

Skeletal Muscle

Attached to bones Contracts to create body

movements Controlled voluntarily Structured with fibers bundled

within fibers. The simplest muscle fiber is a muscle cell.

Objectives for Class:• Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions• Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement

Muscle Tissue

Zoom in…

Zoom in more…

Skeletal Muscle Cells

Long, narrow cells Filled with

specialized cytoskeleton fibers

Many mitochondria Many nuclei along

edges of cell

Reach the whole length of a muscleFibers attach and slide past each other to contract

Provide ATP energy for cytoskeleton to moveHelp make cytoskeleton proteins along the length of the whole cell

Structures: Functions:

Objectives for Class:• Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions• Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement

Objectives for Class:• Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions• Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement

Zoom in…

Skeletal Muscle Cells

Animations:

Overview, zoom in, and sarcomere contraction in grasshopper muscles (excellent):

http://entochem.tamu.edu/MuscleStrucContractswf/index.html

Simultaneous whole-muscle, cartoon sarcomere, and real muscle fiber contraction (brief):

http://www.edumedia-sciences.com/en/a502-muscle-contraction-sarcomere

Actin, myosin, and cross-bridges (detailed):http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter10/animation__sarcomere_contraction.html

Objectives for Class:• Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement• Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

Take 3 minutes to read through the procedures for the Chicken Wing Dissection Lab (they go onto the back page as well…)

Chicken Wing Dissection Lab

Block 2

Chicken Wing Dissection Lab:Rules

Respect for the animals that donated these wings

Safety Raw meat… keep hands away

from mouth, wash hands after. Scalpels are sharp!

Patience – this might be confusing. That’s OK! You can learn a lot even if you can’t figure out all the parts.

Zero tolerance for fooling around, horseplay, etc. You WILL be asked to lea

Objectives for Class:• Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement• Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

Chicken Wing Dissection Lab:Materials

Aprons, goggles & gloves

Dissecting tray Scissors Dissecting Probe Chicken Wings Scalpel (only if you

need it). Never cut towards fingers!

Objectives for Class:• Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement• Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

Patrick

Trevon

Julian

Whitney

McHenley

Zuri

Ricardo

NancyAser

Andre

Natalie N

Emily

Israel

Harold

Leela

Alex

Leslie

Larissa

Natalie G

Tom

Emperor

Chicken Wing Dissection – Groups of 2

Jamesley

Grace

Chicken Wing Dissection Lab:Procedures

Put a chicken wing on a dissecting tray. Peel back or cut away the skin and fat of the largest wing segment to

expose the large muscle. This muscle is called the bicep. Find the tendon that attaches the bicep to the bones of the middle

segment of the wing. Tendons are tough, shiny, white cords that join the muscle to the bones.

Use forceps to pull on the tendon of the biceps and observe what happens to the chicken wing.

In the space below, draw a sketch showing how the tendon attaches the biceps muscle to the moveable bone in the wing. Write a sentence describing what happens when you pull on the tendon with the forceps.

Locate the joint between two bones. Observe how the joint is structured, particularly how the bones, tendons, ligaments, and muscles all come together. 

Lastly, break one of the small bones in half (be sure to crack it away from you). Examine the structure of the bone. Make notes and/or drawings.

Objectives for Class:• Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement• Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

Chicken Wing Dissection Lab:Anatomy of your hand

Chicken Wing Dissection Lab:Procedures

Complete Analysis Questions

Objectives for Class:• Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement• Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

Bio 9B: Wednesday, January 5, 2011Title: Muscle Cells Day 3

Homework: In your notebook, write 2 paragraphs describing the following:

What are the major structures of a skeletal muscle cell and how they work together to allow a muscle to contract?

How do muscles, bones, and tendons connect together and help move body parts? Give an example of how a particular body part moves!

Do Now: What are tendons? What are ligaments? What did they look like on the

chicken wing?

Today’s Objectives:• Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to

contract to create movement• Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our

musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause

movement

· Muscles are attached to at least two points:· Immovable bone to

“anchor” muscles· Movable bone - attached

by tendons)· Muscle Contracts (gets

shorter)· Muscle pulls on the tendon

attached to moveable bone· Tendon pulls bone into new

position

Muscle Contractions:Create Body Movements

Objectives for Class:• Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement• Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

Objectives for Class:• Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement• Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

Examples: Upper Arm:

Biceps contract: Arm bends at the elbow

Triceps contract: Arm straightens

Lower Leg: Shin muscle contracts: Foot goes

up Calf muscle contracts: Foot goes

down

Muscle Contractions: Opposing Muscles Create Movement

How Muscle Cells Contract

1.Cytoskeleton fibers (myosin and actin) attach to each other and pull together.

2.This makes the entire muscle cell get shorter (aka contract).

3.This process uses a lot of ATP energy (provided

by mitochondria).4.When the fibers let go,

the muscle relaxes.Objectives for Class:• Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement• Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

Animations:

Overview, zoom in, and sarcomere contraction in grasshopper muscles (excellent):

http://entochem.tamu.edu/MuscleStrucContractswf/index.html

Simultaneous whole-muscle, cartoon sarcomere, and real muscle fiber contraction (brief):

http://www.edumedia-sciences.com/en/a502-muscle-contraction-sarcomere

Actin, myosin, and cross-bridges (detailed):http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter10/animation__sarcomere_contraction.html

Objectives for Class:• Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement• Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

Muscle Contractions:Create Body Movements

Start Tonight’s Homework!

In your notebook, write 2 paragraphs describing the following: What are the major structures of a

skeletal muscle cell and how they work together to allow a muscle to contract?

How do muscles, bones, and tendons connect together and help move body parts? Give an example of how a particular body part moves!

Bio 9B: Thursday, January 6, 2011Title: Muscle Cells Day 4

Homework: Prepare notes for open notes quiz on Monday

Do Now: Log Into a computer and prepare for your next

instructions

Today’s Objectives:• Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that

allow them to contract to create movement• Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to

create our musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract

and cause movement

The Anatomy (Physiology) of a Kick

Computer Investigation: The Anatomy of a Kick http://science.education.nih.gov/supplements/nih6/Bone/activities/activities_toc.ht

m

Objectives for Class:• Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement• Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement