Bio 3411 Midterm Review: Structure/Development/Systems/Pla stics/Talents/Diseases/Genes Wednesday October 27, /27/101Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review Structure General Overview 10/27/102Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review THE BRAIN ATLAS 3 rd ed, p. 8 Mid-line (sagittal) section through central nervous system (CNS). Note the relationship between vertebrae (BLACK), segments of the spinal cord (RED) and spinal nerves (YELLOW). 10/27/103Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review THE BRAIN ATLAS 3 rd ed, p. 9 The different regions of the brain from the lateral (side) and median section (middle) human brain. These brain regions are discernable in in all vertebrates and in early embryos. (cerebral cortex = gold; thalamus = blue/purple; midbrain = orange; pons = purple, cerebellum = blue; medulla = red/orange; spinal cord = green) 10/27/104Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review Photograph of neurons stained by Golgis method which fills processes of some cells with black precipitates of heavy metals and Nissl which stains all nuclei and neuronal cytoplasm blue. 10/27/105Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review A neuron grown in tissue culture that is stained with antibodies for pre and post synaptic proteins. Red shows presynaptic and green shows postsynaptic localization. Yellow indicates close proximity of the two at synapses. This picture indicates the number, distribution and density of synapses on a nerve cell the role of which is to integrate information from many sources. 10/27/106Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review Development 10/27/107Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review 10/27/108Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review 10/27/109Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review 10/27/1010Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review Systems 10/27/1011Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review Mixed spinal nerve Periphery (skin, muscle, etc.) Segmental nerve: (posterior (dorsal) root = sensory - touch; anterior (ventral) root = motor -movement; spinal or posterior (dorsal) root ganglion = sensory nerve cell bodies) Spinal cord back = posterior front = anterior 10/27/1012Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review THE BRAIN ATLAS 3 rd ed, p. 183 Foot Hand Face Body 10/27/1013Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review Sources of Descending Pathways for Movement Control 10/27/1014Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review Touch Vision Movement Hearing Angular gyrus Brocas area Wernickes area 10/27/1015Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review Special Talents 10/27/1016Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review Albert Einstein for my scientific thinking words do not seem to play any role but there is associative play of more or less clear images of a visual and muscular type. 10/27/1017Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review Plastics 10/27/1018Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review Normal Adult Most Whiskers Removed at Birth A Row of Whiskers Removed at Birth An Arc of Whiskers Removed at Birth 10/27/1019Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review Martin et al (1996) Brain 119:1183; 119:1199. With prism goggles off, tosses are slowly corrected to hit target. Before prism goggles, tosses hit target With prism goggles on, tosses are slowly corrected to hit target. 10/27/1020Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review Diseases 10/27/1021Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review Descending systems from the brain influence cells in the spinal cord to create movements. The cerebellum and the basal ganglia indirectly influence movements as indicated schematically here. Neuroscience, Fig 15.1, p /27/1022Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review Sites of self stimulation in the rat (arrows) 10/27/1023Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review 10/27/1024Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review Genes 10/27/1025Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review Victor McKusick organized a catalog of human inherited conditions first published in Since then the number has grown approximately 15 fold. Of these, an increasing number of conditions has been identified as having some component related to the nervous system. From: McKusick 2001 JAMA Added After Lecture 10/28/05 10/27/1026Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review From: Bellugi et al 2001 TINS 10/27/1027Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review Summary 10/27/1028Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review 10/27/1029Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review 10/27/1030Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review 10/27/1031Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review