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7/21/2019 Bio 2010_autotrophic Nutrition Notes
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The Chemistry of
Photosynthesis
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Learners Outcomes
Describe the full process of photosynthesis with
reference to the full equation for photosynthesis.
Describe the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesisas involving only water and light, and producing oxygengas and the energy molecules ATP and NADPH (in
simple terms).
Describe the light-independent reaction ofphotosynthesis as involving the products of the light-
dependent reaction (ATP and NADPH) converting
carbon dioxide to glucose (in simple terms).
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Learners Outcome
Explain that ATP is an energy carrier in cellsbecause it has high-energy phosphate bonds that
release energy when broken.
Show that the rate of photosynthesis is dependent
on various factors
Explain the effect of changes in temperature, lightintensity, wavelength, carbon dioxide and oxygen
concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.
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Where does
photosynthesishappen?
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!"#$%%&&&'()*#+,-./0'1,2%#!,3,45/%1!+,-,#+643'!32+
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!"#$%%&&&'()*#+,-./0'1,2%#!,3,45/%1!+,-,#+643'!32+89:;
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The chloroplast is the main site for photosynthesis
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Thylakoids- where light reaction of
photosynthesis occurs
Stroma- where light independent
reaction occurs
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EFG
=)C 6/C D+H) +.0!3 6D4,-D)C D5 1!+,-,#!5++
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Photosynthesis occurs in 2 stages
Light dependent stage
Light independent stage
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Light dependent reaction
!12 H2O + 12NADP + 18ADP + 18Pi+ light and
chlorophyll
+
6 O2+ 12 NADPH + 18 ATP
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Light reaction
!Occurs in thylakoids
!Chlorophyll molecule captures light energy
!Excited electron causes water to split into
hydrogen and oxygen
!High energy molecules - ATPand NADPH
produced
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P700
P680
Photon hits, excited
electrons picked up by
reaction center
PS II splits water into !O2
and 2 electrons. These
electrons replaces those
going to PSI.
ATP produced as protons
move thru ATP synthetase
complexes
Meanwhile, photons hit
P700 complex and excited
electrons are picked up by
ETC of PSI.
PSI ETC produces NADPH
and H+
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What is ATP?
Adenosine Triphosphate
High energy molecule
Energy found in the bondsbetween the phosphate ionsand adenosine
Bond broken = energyreleased
Bond formed = energy
required
2
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The Calvin Cycle (Dark Reactions)
!A.k.a light-independent reactions
!Occurs in stroma.
! 12NADPH + 18ATP + 6CO2=> Glucose +
12NADP++ 18ADP + 18Pi +O2
!Fixes CO2to produce glucose.
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Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
!Carbon dioxide concentration
!Water
!Light intensity
!Chlorophyll levels
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Graph of Rate of Photosynthesis against Light
Intensity
!As light intensity increases, rate
of photosynthesis increases.
! There is a limit to the maximum
rate (saturation point).
!At the saturation point, the rate
of photosynthesis cannot
increase due to the presence of
a limiting factor.
!
Only by increasing the limitingfactor can the rate increase.
Rate of
Photosynthesis
Light Intensity
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Observe how a change in the CO2concentration
affects the graphs
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Practice Time!
!Draw a graph of rate of photosynthesis against
light intensity.
!Label this graph as one showing the graph attemperature T.
!Now draw on the same axes another graph, but
this time at temperature T+10.
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Photosynthesis and Temperature
!Did it look like this?
!Note the circled regions of A and B.
!Do you know the significance of the trendsshown at A and B?
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Factors affecting
photosynthesis
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Uses of Glucose
Triose phosphates and glucose are used as a material to
build most other biomolecules (these are products from
photosynthesis)
Disaccharides
Cellulose
Starch
Amino acids
Lipids
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