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8/10/2019 Bio 130 Midterm Presentation
1/21
BIOL 130 Midterm
8/10/2019 Bio 130 Midterm Presentation
2/21
Schedule
7:00-7:10 Introduction
7:10-7:20 Cell theory exceptions andproaryote!euaryote comparison
7:20-7:30 "in#doms and plant!animalcell comparison7:30-7:$0 Bond types
7:$0-%:00 Macromolecules
%:00-%:1& 'hermodynamics and (n)ymes%:1&-%:$& Meta*olism
%:$&-+:00 ,uestions and iscussion
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Cell 'heory (xceptions
Virus: .ery small/ consists o a proteincoat and sometimes an en.elopesurroundin# nucleic acid
e4uires a host or#anism to replicate Viroid: Circles o 56/ dont code or
proteins 6lso needs host to replicate
Prion: particle made up o proteins Mad co8 disease in.ol.ement/ tae BIOL
273 or more ino
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e.ie8 ,uestion 1
19 Classiy the ollo8in# as li.in# ornon-li.in# and 8hether they in.ol.enucleic acids or proteins9
6 irus
B iroidC ;rion
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;roaryotes .s9 (uaryotes
Characteristic Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
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e.ie8 ,uestion 2
29 List some deAnin# eatures o theollo8in# in#doms
6 6rchae
B Bacteria
C ;rotista
=un#i
( ;lantae
= 6nimalia
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;lant .s9 6nimal Cells
Characteristic Plant Animal
Cell @all ;resent 6*sent
;lastids ;resent e9#9Chloroplasts
6*sent
Car*ohydrate
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Bond!Interaction 'ypes
Covalent:'he sharin# o electrons *et8eenatoms 8ith the aim o #ainin# a ull outer shell9 ;olarity results i une.en char#e distri*ution exists
*et8een atoms/ or example/ electrone#ati.ity9
Ionic:'he #ain!loss o electrons to ormcations!anions9
Hydrogen Bond: =luorine/ oxy#en or nitro#en8ith hydro#en and another =O5 atom9
Hydrophobic Interactions:'hese presentsolu*ility issues9 'hey a##re#ate in thepresence o 8ater9
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e.ie8 ,uestion 3
39 ?i.e examples o the ollo8in#*ond!interaction types:
6Co.alent
B Ionic
C Dydro#en
Dydropho*ic
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Macromolecules-Car*ohydrates
Monosaccharides/ disaccahrides/oli#osaccharides/ polysaccharides
Lina#e and arran#ement areimportant in diEerentiation ocar*ohydrates 'ae CD(M 2 ormore details
?lyco#en/
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Car*ohydrates-
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e.ie8 ,uestion $Macromolecules-5ucleic 6cids
$9 eAne the ollo8in#:
65ucleotide
B5ucleosideC;urine
;yrimidine
(56=;hosphodiester *ond!lina#e
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Macromolecules-;roteins
Primary structure: seuenceoamino acids
Secondary structure: alpha helix/
*eta sheet/ unor#ani)ed areas all due tohydro#en *ondin#
!ertiary structure: ho8 side chainsinteract to orm other types o *onds/e9#9 hydro#en and ionic
"uaternary: ho8 polypeptide chainsinteract 8ith each other
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e.ie8 ,uestion &
&9 iEerentiate *et8een a proteinmoti and a protein domain9
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Macromolecules-Lipids
>ses o lipids include:
(ner#y at and oil
Dormones steroids itamins 6
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'hermodynamics
#irst $a%: (ner#y cannot *e created ordestroyed/ only transerred!transormedrom one o*Fect!orm to another
Second $a%: (ntropy increases 8itheach ener#y transer!transormation E&ergonic: eactant molecules ha.e
more potential ener#y than products (ner#y output
Endergonic: eactant molecules ha.eless potential ener#y than products (ner#y input
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e.ie8 ,uestion
9 ra8 and la*el dia#rams depictin#exer#onic and ender#onic reactions9
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(n)ymes
$ock and 'ey model:speciAcity/uni4ue acti.e site
Competitive: inhi*itor tries to
outcompete su*strate or acti.e site
(oncompetitive e)g) Allosteric:allosteric molecule *inds to allosteric
site and chan#es acti.e site sosu*strate cannot *ind
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?lycolysis
Products: 2 pyru.ate molecules/ 256D/ 2 6';
En*ymes: hexoinase/phosphoructoinase/ pyru.ate inase
+eduction: #ain o electrons/ #ainhydro#ens
,&idation: loss o electrons/ losehydro#ens
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e.ie8 ,uestion 7
79 6ccount or the input and output osu*stances in #lycolysis9
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!hank -ou and .ood
$uck/