Bio 1001 Lecture Topic 1

7/23/2019 Bio 1001 Lecture Topic 1

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bio-1001-lecture-topic-1 1/66

Biology 1001, Section 2

General Biology

For Non-Biology Majors ONLY

Professor Terry M. Bricker Room: A606 LSBA

Telephone: 8-1555

-m!il: "#"ric$ls%.e&%

'ffice (o%rs: T%)* +:+0-,:+0 PM

!n& "y !ppoin#men#



Textboo

Bioloy: Life on !r#h /#h &i#ion

"y A%&esirk A%&iserk !n& Byers

This "ook is ! %sef%l reference

All #es#!"le m!#eri!ls hoeer ill "e presen#e& in my lec#%res



T!ree "xa#s $ Non-%&#&lati'e

Final

2 3r!&in: A 4 /0-100 B 4 80-8/ 4 0-/

7 4 60-6/ 9 60

2Tes#s ill "e c%re& if necess!ry

2 All e!ms ill "e shor# !nser fill in #he

"l!nks pro"lems e#c. i#h 1 ss!y ;%es#ion

2 The ss!y ;%es#ion ill "e chosen from !lis# of <%es#ions proi&e& "efore e!ch e!m.



Mae-() *olicy

2 M!ke-%p !min!#ions ill ONLY "e

!lloe& i#h ! !li& %niersi#y ec%se.

2 =f yo% !re oin #o miss !n e!min!#ion yo%

M(ST no#ify me "y -m!il "efore ,:+0 PM

on #he &!y of #he sche&%le& e!m.

2 The m!ke-%p e!min!#ion M(ST "e

comple#e& i#hin 1 eek of #he oriin!llysche&%le& e!min!#ion. = ill se# #he #ime

!n& en%e of #he m!ke-%p e!min!#ion.



Mae-() *olicy

2 >n&er e#reme circ%ms#!nces some

flei"ili#y in #hese r%les m!y "e !lloe& !#

#he &iscre#ion of #he ins#r%c#or.



T!is is a +iic&lt %lass

BOL 1001 . B % + F / +$F$/

!ll ?00, 1, ? ? 1+ 5 1, +?

Spr ?005 1/ ?/ ?5 1+ 5 1, +?

!ll ?005 ?0 ? ?, / 5 1, ?8

Spr?006 ?8 +0 ?0 8 5 / ??!ll ?006 ?1 +5 ?, 6 5 10 ?0

Spr?00 1 +? ? / 6 / ?,

!ll ?00 ?0 +6 ?5 8 5 ?0

Spr ?008 1, +? ?/ 11 , 8 ?+

!ll ?008 1 +6 ? 10 , 6 ?0

Spr ?00/ 1+ ++ ? 1? 6 / ?!ll ?00/ 1/ +8 ?6 / + 6 18

Spr ?010 16 +1 ?+ 1? 6 1+ +1

1001 a'erage 1 2 2 10 3 10 23



6 lec#%res



%4.*T"5 16

.n ntro7&ction to Lie On "art!

Yo& are !ere8



+eining Lie

2 7ic#ion!ry &efini#ion of life is: @ #he <%!li#y #h!# &is#in%ishes ! i#!l !n&

f%nc#ionin "ein from ! &e!& "o&y

Co%n r!nkens#ein Mel Brooks 1/,



+eining Lie

2 7ic#ion!ry &efini#ion of life is:

@ #he <%!li#y #h!# &is#in%ishes ! i#!l !n&

f%nc#ionin "ein from ! &e!& "o&y

2 Liin #hins !ppe!r #o "e more #h!n #he s%m

of #heir p!r#s life is &iffic%l# #o &efine &%e #o

o%r l!ck of f%ll %n&ers#!n&in of i#s complei#y

2 er#!in ch!r!c#eris#ics &efine h!# is

#echnic!lly !lie



%!aracteristics 7eining LF"

1. S#r%c#%re is comple

?. Ac<%ire m!#eri!ls D enery from #he

enironmen#+. M!in#!in in#ern!l con&i#ions Ehomeos#!sisF

,. 3ro#h

5. Respon& #o s#im%li

6. Repro&%ce

. !p!ci#y #o eole



Li'ing T!ings .re Bot! %o#)lex an7

Organi9e7

2 S!l#: 'r!niGe& "%# simple Enon-liinF



Li'ing T!ings .re Bot! %o#)lex an7

Organi9e7

2 'ce!ns: omple "%# %nor!niGe& Enon-

liinF



Li'ing T!ings .re Bot! Organi9e7

an7 %o#)lex

2 *!#er fle!: omple !n& or!niGe& EliinF



2 !ch leel of complei#y or s#r%c#%re is"!se& on #he one "elo i#

2 Leels of "ioloic!l or!niG!#ion in or&er

of le!s# #o mos# comple ill%s#r!#e& in i.1-1

Li'ing T!ings .re Bot! Organi9e7

an7 %o#)lex



Least complex

Most complexBiosphere

cosys#em

omm%ni#y

M%l#icell%l!r

'r!nism

'r!n

Sys#em

'r!n

Tiss%e

ell

'r!nelle

Molec%le

S%"!#omic

P!r#icle

A#om

Th!# p!r# of !r#h inh!"i#e&

"y liin or!nismsH incl%&es "o#h

#he liin !n& nonliin componen#s

A s#r%c#%re %s%!lly

compose& of seer!l #iss%e

#ypes #h!# form ! f%nc#ion!l %ni#

A comm%ni#y #oe#her i#h i#s

nonliin s%rro%n&ins

To or more pop%l!#ions of &ifferen#

species liin !n& in#er!c#in in #he

s!me !re!

An in&ii&%!l liin #hin compose&

of m!ny cells

To or more or!ns orkin

#oe#her in #he eec%#ion of

! specific "o&ily f%nc#ion

A ro%p of simil!r cells #h!# perform

! specific f%nc#ion

The sm!lles# %ni# of life

A s#r%c#%re i#hin ! cell #h!# performs

! specific f%nc#ion

A com"in!#ion of !#oms

The sm!lles# p!r#icle of !n elemen#

#h!# re#!ins #he proper#ies of

#h!# elemen#

P!r#icles #h!# m!ke %p !n !#om

c!r"on ni#roen oyenhy&roen

pro#on ne%#ron elec#ron

7IAl%cose!#er

mi#ochon&rion n%cle%schloropl!s#

nere cell

nero%s #iss%e

#he "r!in

#he nero%s sys#em

!r#hJs s%rf!ce

sn!ke !n#elope h!k "%shes r!ss rocks s#re!m

sn!ke !n#elope h!k "%shes r!ss

her& of pronhorn !n#elope

pronhorn !n#elope

Pop%l!#ionMem"ers of one species inh!"i#in

#he s!me !re!

SpeciesKery simil!r po#en#i!lly in#er"ree&in

or!nisms

L":"LS

OFB-O

LO

G-%.L

O5G

.N-;.T-O

N



OH H

CH2OH

SubatomicSubatomicElectronElectronNeutronNeutronProtonProton

NitrogenNitrogenCarbonCarbonHydrogenHydrogen OxygenOxygen

DNADNAGlucoseGlucoseWaterWater

NucleusNucleusChloroplastChloroplastitochondrionitochondrion

Ner!e CellNer!e Cell

AtomicAtomic

olecularolecular

OrganelleOrganelle

CellularCellular

Least complex

Most complex

L":"LS

OFB-O

LO

G-%.L

O5G

.N-;.T-O

N



#issue#issue Ner!ousNer!ous

#issue#issue

$rain$rain

Ner!ousNer!ousSystemSystem

PronghornPronghornAntelopeAntelope

OrganOrgan

Organ SystemOrgan System

OrganismOrganism

Least complex

Most complex

L":"LS

OFB-O

LO

G-%.L

O5G

.N-;.T-O

N



PopulationPopulationHerd o% PronghornsHerd o% Pronghorns

Ha&'Ha&'

WaterWater

EarthEarth(s(ssur%acesur%ace

CommunityCommunity

EcosystemEcosystem

$iosphere$iosphere

PronghornsPronghorns

Ha&'Ha&' GrassGrassPronghornsPronghorns

Sna'eSna'e$ushes$ushes

SoilSoilAirAir

Sna'eSna'e

Least complex

Most complex

L":"LS

OFB-O

LO

G-%.L

O5G

.N-;.T-O

N



T!e %"LL6 S#allest &nit o LF"



Li'ing T!ings 5es)on7 to Sti#&li

2 'r!nisms sense !n& respon& #o in#ern!l

!n& e#ern!l enironmen#!l s#im%li

@ Sensory or!ns &e#ec# !n& respon& #o

e#ern!l s#im%li

2 Lih#

2 So%n&

2 hemic!ls @ Pl!n#s !n& "!c#eri! respon& #o s#im%li !s ell

2 Lih#

2 A##r!c#ion #o!r&s n%#rien#s



Li'ing T!ings Maintain nternal

%on7itions

2 Homeostasis: m!in#en!nce of rel!#iely cons#!n#

in#ern!l con&i#ions e!mples:

@ "o&y #emper!#%re Eonly some or!nisms con#rol #hisF

@ s!l# concen#r!#ion in "loo& @ Amo%n# of in#ern!l !#er

2 A%#om!#ic mech!nisms m!in#!in homeos#!sis

@ Se!#in in ho# e!#her or &%rin eercise

@ Me#!"oliGin more foo&

@ B!skin in #he s%n #o r!ise "o&y #emp.

2 'r!nisms ro !n& ch!ne hile m!in#!inin

homeos#!sis



Li'ing T!ings .c<&ire an7 (se

Materials an7 "nergy

2 M!#eri!ls D nery !re re<%ire& #o m!in#!in

or!niG!#ion ro !n& repro&%ce

2 =mpor#!n# m!#eri!ls En&trientsF !c<%ire& from !ir

!#er soil or o#her liin #hins2 Metabolis# is #he s%m #o#!l of !ll #he chemic!l

re!c#ions nee&e& #o s%s#!in life

2 'r!nisms o"#!in enery in #o !ys

@ A%#o#rophs Em!ke on foo&F

@ (e#ero#rophs Ee!# o#hersF

2 All enery #h!# s%s#!ins life comes &irec#ly

or in&irec#ly from #he s%n



Li'ing T!ings .c<&ire an7 (se

Materials an7 "nergy

i. 1-10



Li'ing T!ings Gro=

2 ery or!nism "ecomes l!rer oer #ime

@ 'r!nisms ro "y pro&%cin more cells #o

incre!se #heir m!ss

@ B!c#eri! ro "y enl!rin #heir cells !n&

&ii&e #o m!ke more in&ii&%!ls

2 3ro#h inoles #he conersion of

!c<%ire& m!#eri!ls #o molec%les of #he

or!nisms "o&y



Li'ing T!ings 5e)ro7&ce T!e#sel'es

2 'r!nisms ie rise #o offsprin of #he

s!me #ype Ere)ro7&ctionF

2 The p!ren#s ene#ic m!#eri!l

+eoxyribon&cleic aci7 >+N.?, is p!sse&

on #o #he offsprin cre!#in continuity of

life

2 Diversity of life occ%rs "ec!%se offsprin

m!y "e slih#ly &ifferen# ene#ic!lly from

#heir p!ren#s



+N. is t!e Molec&le o 4ere7ity

2 7eoyri"on%cleic !ci& E7IAF con#!ins

semen#s c!lle& genes hich &irec# #he

pro&%c#ion of )roteins



+N. is t!e Molec&le o 4ere7ity

2 An or!nisms 7IA is #he molec%l!r

ins#r%c#ion m!n%!l for oper!#in i#s "o&y

2 A copy of #he p!ren#s 7IA is m!&e !n&p!sse& #o i#s offsprin in ! hihly !cc%r!#e

copyin process

2 'cc!sion!l errors in copyin E#&tationFpro&%ce !ri!#ion

2 M%#!#ion !n& #herefore !ri!#ion is

essen#i!l for liin #hins #o eole



Li'ing T!ings .s a /!ole 4a'e t!e

%a)acity to "'ol'e

2 The ene#ic composi#ion of ! hole species

ch!nes oer m!ny ener!#ions

2 M%#!#ions !n& !ri!"le offsprin !llo ! species

#o e'ol'e2 ol%#ion s#!#es #h!# mo&ern or!nisms

&escen&e& i#h mo&ific!#ion from pre-eis#in life-

forms

2 Nat&ral selection is ! process here or!nisms

i#h cer#!in !&!p#!#ions s%rie !n& repro&%ce

more s%ccessf%lly #h!n o#hers



%ategori9ing Lie

2 'r!nisms c!n "e ro%pe& in#o +

7om!ins

@ Bacteria Esinle simple cellsF @ .rc!aea Esinle simple cellsH e#remesF

@ "&arya Eone or more hihly comple

cellsF



%ategori9ing Lie



%ategori9ing Lie

T!e 7o#ain Bacteria



cell !ll

pl!sm!

mem"r!ne

ene#ic m!#eri!l

E7IAF

A color-enh!nce& elec#ron micror!ph of ! &ii&in"!c#eri%m. B!c#eri! !re %nicell%l!r !n& prok!ryo#icHmos# !re s%rro%n&e& "y ! #hick cell !ll. Some "!c#eri!pho#osyn#hesiGe "%# mos# !"sor" foo& from #heir

s%rro%n&ins.

1 microme#er

T!e 7o#ain Bacteria

T!e 7o#ain Bacteria



T!e 7o#ain Bacteria

T!e 7o#ain .rc!aea



A color-enh!nce& elec#ron micror!ph of !n !rch!e!n. Thecell !ll !ppe!rs re& !n& 7IA is sc!##ere& insi&e. M!ny!rch!e!ns c!n s%rie extre#e con7itions. This An#!rc#ic

species lies !# #emper!#%res !s lo !s @?.5.

T!e 7o#ain .rc!aea

-These or!nisms c!nno#

"e &is#in%ishe& from #he

B!c#eri! is%!lly.

-Biochemic!lly #hey !re

ery &ifferen#



%ategori9ing Lie

2 7om!in %k!ry! con#!ins fo%r

Nin&oms

-The Pro#is#s- %ni

- Pl!n#!e

- Anim!li!

. )rotist >7o#ain "&arya?



This lih# micror!ph of ! Paramecium ill%s#r!#es #hecomplei#y of #hese l!re norm!lly sinle e%k!ryo#iccells. Some pro#is#s pho#osyn#hesiGe "%# o#hers ines#or !"sor" #heir foo&. M!ny incl%&in Paramecium !re

mo"ile moin i#h cili! or fl!ell!.

10 microme#ers

or!l rooe

Emo%#hF

con#r!c#ile

!c%ole

foo&

!c%oles






Ano#her pro#is# @ !n !moe"!

T!e ing7o# F&ngi >7o#ain "&arya?



g g > y ?

An eo#ic m%shroom fo%n& in Per%. Mos# f%ni !rem%l#icell%l!r. %ni ener!lly !"sor" #heir foo& hich is%s%!lly #he &e!& "o&ies or !s#es of pl!n#s !n& !nim!ls. Thefoo& is &ies#e& "y enGymes secre#e& o%#si&e #he f%n!l

"o&y. Mos# f%ni c!nno# moe.

T!e ing7o# F&ngi >7o#ain "&arya?



g g > y ?

T!e ing7o# *lantae >7o#ain "&arya?



This "%##erfly ee& represen#s #he floerin pl!n#s #he&omin!n# mem"ers of #he kin&om Pl!n#!e. loerinpl!n#s oe m%ch of #heir s%ccess #o m%#%!lly "enefici!lrel!#ionships i#h !nim!ls s%ch !s #hese pe!rl crescen#"%##erflies in hich #he floer proi&es foo& !n& #heinsec# c!rries pollen from floer #o floer fer#iliGin#hem. Pl!n#s !re m%l#icell%l!r nonmo#ile e%k!ryo#es #h!#

!c<%ire n%#rien#s "y pho#osyn#hesis.

T!e ing7o# .ni#alia >7o#ain "&arya?



g > y ?

A r!sse res#s on ! sof# cor!l. Anim!ls !re m%l#icell%l!rH!nim!l "o&ies consis# of ! i&e !ssor#men# of #iss%es !n&or!ns compose& of speci!liGe& cell #ypes. Mos# !nim!ls c!nmoe !n& respon& r!pi&ly #o s#im%li. The cor!l is ! mem"erof #he l!res# ro%p of !nim!ls: #he iner#e"r!#es hich l!ck! "!ck"one. This ro%p !lso incl%&es insec#s !n& moll%sks.

The r!sse is ! er#e"r!#eH like h%m!ns i# h!s ! "!ck"one.



%ategori9ing Lie

2 There !re + ch!r!c#eris#ics !re

p!r#ic%l!rly %sef%l #o c!#eoriGe life

1. ell #ype

?. The n%m"er of cells in e!ch or!nism

+. (o i# !c<%ires enery



*roaryotic an7 "&aryotic %ells

Ty)es in t!e +o#ains

2 ell #ypes n!me& !f#er O)- of ! n%cle%s @ The n&cle&s is ! mem"r!ne-enclose& s!c

Eor!nelleF con#!inin #he cells ene#ic m!#eri!l

2 To cell #ypes seen !mon !ll liin #hins @ *roaryotic E"efore n%cle%s in 3reekF

2 Lacking ! n%cle%s or o#her or!nelles

2 This cell #ype fo%n& in 7om!ins B!c#eri! !n& Arch!e!

@ "&aryotic E#r%e n%cle%s in 3reekF

2 on#!in n%cle%s !n& ! !rie#y of o#her or!nelles

2 This cell #ype fo%n& only !mon mem"ers of 7om!in

%k!ry!

( i ll l it 7 M lti ll l it i B t i



(nicell&larity an7 M&lticell&larity in Bacteria,

.rc!aea, an7 t!e @ing7o#s o "&arya

2 (nicell&lar Esinle-celle&F or!nisms fo%n& in:

@ B!c#eri!

@ Arch!e!

@ The pro#is#s in %k!ry!

2 M&lticell&lar Em!ny-celle&F or!nisms fo%n& in

%k!ry!

@ Nin&om %ni @ Nin&om Pl!n#!e

@ Nin&om Anim!li!



/ays Organis#s .c<&ire "nergy

2 .&totro)!s Eself-fee&ersF

@ Pho#osyn#he#ic or!nisms #h!# c!p#%re

s%nlih# !n& s#ore i# in s%!r !n& f!#s

@ =ncl%&es pl!n#s some "!c#eri! !n& somepro#is#s



/ays Organis#s .c<&ire "nergy

2 4eterotro)!s Ee!# o#hersF

@ 'r!nisms #h!# !c<%ire enery #hro%h

ines#in molec%les in #he "o&ies of o#her

or!nisms @ =ncl%&es m!ny !rch!e!ns "!c#eri! pro#is#s

f%ni !n& !nim!ls

@ SiGe of foo& e!#en !ries

Scientiic *rinci)les (n7erlie .ll



Scientiic *rinci)les (n7erlie .ll

Scientiic n<&iry

2 Bioloy is ! scien#ific &iscipline

2 All scien#ific in<%iry is "!se& on ! sm!ll se#

of !ss%mp#ions or principles @ I!#%r!l c!%s!li#y Ec!%se !n& effec#F

@ >niformi#y in sp!ce !n& #ime

@ ommon percep#ion



*rinci)le 6 Nat&ral %a&sality

2 (is#oric!l !ppro!ches #o s#%&yin life

1. Belief #h!# some een#s h!ppen #hro%h

s%pern!#%r!l forces Ei.e. 3reek o&sF

?. Belief #h!# !ll een#s c!n "e #r!ce& #o n!#%r!lc!%ses

2 i&ence !#here& from n!#%re h!s no# "een

&eli"er!#ely &is#or#e& #o fool %s



*rinci)le 6 Nat&ral La=s .))ly "'ery=!ere

2 I!#%r!l l!s !re %niform in sp!ce !n& #ime

2 This principle is key #o #he %n&ers#!n&in of

"ioloic!l een#s Ee.. eol%#ionF #h!#

occ%rre& "efore h%m!ns recor&e& #hem

2 re!#ionism is con#r!ry #o #he principle of

%niformi#y-in-#ime !n& n!#%r!l c!%s!li#y

@ re!#ionis#s hol& #h!# &ifferen# species ere

cre!#e& one !# ! #ime "y #he &irec# in#eren#ion

of ! s%pern!#%r!l "ein con#r!ry #o een#s e

see h!ppenin #o&!y

* i i l S i . Si il



*rinci)le 6 Science .ss&#es Si#ilar

*erce)tions .#ong .ll 4&#ans

2 All h%m!n "eins perceie n!#%r!l een#sin f%n&!men#!lly #he s!me !y

2 ommon percep#ion !llos %s #o !ccep#

o"ser!#ions of o#her h%m!ns !s reli!"le2 ommon percep#ion is %s%!lly no# fo%n&

in !ppreci!#ion of !r# poe#ry !n& m%sic

nor "e#een c%l#%res or reliio%s "eliefs @ K!l%e sys#ems !re s%"ec#ie

@ Science re<%ires o"ec#iely !#here& &!#!

T!e Scientiic Met!o7 s t!e Basis or




Scientiic n<&iry

1.Obser'ation of ! specific phenomenon

?.The o"ser!#ion in #%rn le!&s #o ! <&estion

3.The question leads to formulation of a

hypothesis, that is oered as a possibleanswer to the question

4. The hypothesis leads to a prediction,typically expressed in “if…then…” lanuae

!. The prediction is tested by carefully controlledmanipulations called experiments

". The experiments produce results that either

support or refute the hypothesis, allowin the

de#elopment of a conclusion





Scientiic n<&iry



#)ortant "x)eri#ental %onsi7erations

in t!e Scientiic Met!o7

2 Scien#ific eperimen#!#ion #es#s #he

!sser#ion #h!# ! single variable c!%ses !

p!r#ic%l!r o"ser!#ion

2 The eperimen# m%s# r%le o%# #he

infl%ence of o#her possi"le !ri!"les

2 on#rols !re incorpor!#e& in#o eperimen#s2 on#rols keep %n#es#e& !ri!"les cons#!n#

Francesco 5e7iAs ex)eri#ent



)

6 s#eps



Li#itations o t!e Scientiic Met!o7

2 !n neer "e s%re all %n#es#e& !ri!"les !re

con#rolle&

2 oncl%sions "!se& on #he eperimen#!l &!#!

m%s# rem!in #en#!#ie

2 Res%l#s of eperimen#!#ion m%s# "e

comm%nic!#e& #horo%hly !n& !cc%r!#ely #o o#her

scien#is#s for repe#i#ion

2 Repe#i#ion "y o#her scien#is#s !&& erific!#ion #h!#

fin&ins c!n "e %se& !s #he "!sis for f%r#her

s#%&ies



Science is a 4&#an "n7ea'or

2 (%m!n person!li#y #r!i#s !re p!r# of re!l

science

2 Scien#is#s like o#her people m!y "e &rien"y pri&e !m"i#ion or fe!r

2 Scien#is#s some#imes m!ke mis#!kes

2 Acci&en#s l%cky %esses in#ellec#%!l

poers !n& con#roersies i#h o#hers

con#ri"%#e s#ronly #o scien#ific !&!nces

Fle#ingAs +isco'ery o *enicillin 4ig!lig!ts Real



Fle#ing s +isco'ery o *enicillin 4ig!lig!ts Real

Science in t!e 120s

Scientiic T!eories 4a'e Been



Scientiic T!eories 4a'e Been

T!oro&g!ly Teste7

2 A scien#ific theory &iffers in &efini#ion from #h!# of

eery&!y %s!e

@ M!ny people %se #he or& theory #o me!n hypothesis

!n& e&%c!#e& %ess

2 A scien#ific #heory is ! ener!l epl!n!#ion for

impor#!n# n!#%r!l phenomen!

@ =# is e#ensiely !n& repro&%ci"ly #es#e&

@ =# is more like ! principle or n!#%r!l l! Ee.. #he !#omicr!i#!#ion!l !n& cell #heoriesF

@ =f compellin ei&ence !rises ! #heory m!y "e mo&ifie&



Ty)es o 5easoning (se7 in Science

2 n7&cti'e reasoning @ A ener!liG!#ion is cre!#e& from m!ny o"ser!#ions

@ or e!mple #he cell #heory E#h!# !ll liin #hins

!re m!&e of one or more cellsF !rises from m!nyo"ser!#ions #h!# !ll in&ic!#e ! cell%l!r "!sis for life

2 +e7&cti'e reasoning

@ The process of ener!#in hypo#heses "!se& on !ell-s%ppor#e& ener!liG!#ion Es%ch !s ! #heoryF

@ or e!mple "!se& on #he cell #heory !ny nely

&iscoere& or!nism o%l& "e epec#e& #o "e

compose& of cells

T! N t l * ( 7 li



T!ree Nat&ral *rocesses (n7erlie

"'ol&tion

2 h!rles 7!rin !n& Alfre& *!ll!ce form%l!#e&

#he "!sis of o%r mo&ern %n&ers#!n&in of

eol%#ion

2 ol%#ion !rises !s ! conse<%ence of #hreen!#%r!l processes

1C Genetic 'ariation !mon mem"ers of ! pop%l!#ion

2C n!eritance of #hose !ri!#ions "y offsprin of p!ren#s

c!rryin #he !ri!#ionC Nat&ral selection of in&ii&%!ls hose s%ri!l !n&

enh!nce& repro&%c#ion !re &%e #o #he f!or!"le

!ri!#ions #hey c!rry

M&c! o t!e :ariability .#ong




Organis#s is n!erite7

2 3ene#ic !ri!#ion !rises from semen#s of

7IA EenesF

2 h!nes in enes Em%#!#ionF !l#er #he

inform!#ion!l con#en#

2 M%#!#ions !rise from ! n%m"er of so%rces

@ >K r!&i!#ion or copyin mis#!kes in 7IA





Organis#s is n!erite7

2 ffec#s of m%#!#ion @ Io effec# Eh!rmlessF

@ A &ecre!se in or!nisms !"ili#y #o f%nc#ion

@ 7e!#h of #he or!nism @ An incre!se in !n or!nisms !"ili#y #o s%rie

!n& repro&%ce Er!reF

2 M%#!#ions occ%rrin oer millions of ye!rs!n& p!sse& #hro%h m!ny ener!#ionsc!%se mem"ers of ! species #o "e slih#ly&ifferen#

Nat&ral Selection *reser'es Genes t!at



Nat&ral Selection *reser'es Genes t!at

"n!ance S&r'i'al an7 5e)ro7&ction

2 'r!nisms #h!# "es# mee# enironmen#!l

ch!llenes le!e #he mos# offsprin

2 I!#%r!l selec#ion preseres enes #h!#

help or!nisms flo%rish

2 Adaptations !re s#r%c#%res physioloic!l

process or "eh!iors #h!# !i& in s%ri!l

!n& repro&%c#ion

2 A&!p#!#ions #h!# !re oo& for one

enironmen# m!y "e poor in !no#her

Bio7i'ersity .rises ro# +ierent




"n'iron#ental %!allenges

2 Species #h!# c!nno# !&!p# #o

enironmen#!l ch!ne o e#inc# Ei.e.

&inos!%rsF





"n'iron#ental %!allenges

2 The m!ny &ifferen# h!"i#!#s

Eenironmen#sF in !n !re! co%ple& i#h

eol%#ion!ry !&!p#ie processes pro&%ce

species !rie#y or biodiversity 2 (%m!ns !re responsi"le for !cceler!#in

#he r!#e of enironmen#!l ch!ne E!n&

#herefore #he r!#e of e#inc#ion of speciesF

Documents

Bio 1001 Lecture Topic 1