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Binds people with similar:
•Language, history, religion, beliefs, geographic locations
•Can lead to formation of nation-states
•Prior to 1869- fragmented group of small kingdoms and principalities
1.Giuseppe Mazzini- “soul of Nationalism”Writing & speeches
provided inspiration 1832 Established Secret
Society known as Young Italy
Exiled for his views
2. Giuseppe Garibaldi- “The Sword of Unification”
Provided military leadership
Along w/ Redshirts conquered Southern Italy & united it with the North
3.Count Camilo Cavour- “The brain”Prime Minister of Sardinia-Piedmont (Led Unification movement)Skilled diplomatFormed alliances with: France & PrussiaUsed diplomacy & war to drive out: Austria
4. Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia
Crowned king of a United Italy in 1861
Rome & Venetia added in 1870
•Pope still rules Vatican City in Rome, why is this
important?????????
•39 German states formed the German Confederation
•Austro-Hungarian Empire & Prussia dominant states
Nationalist Leaders
1. Prussian King Wilhelm I
2. Otto Von Bismarck- The “Iron Chancellor”
•Prime Minister of Prussia
•Realpolitik- End justifies the means approach to government
•Ruled w/out consent of Parliament
•Builds up Army (Militarism)•Strong proponent of “Blood & Iron”
•Sacrifice & industrialization key to being a world power
1. Danish War- Prussia & Austria defeat Denmark & gain 2 Provinces
2. Austro- Prussian War- Seven Weeks War- Austria defeated- Prussia took control of Northern Germany
3.Franco – Prussian War- Southern Germany unites to fight common enemy- France defeated
•1871- King Wilhelm: crowned Kaiser or Emperor of unified Germany
•The Second Reich begins
•What was the 1st ????
•Upset the: Balance of Power
-England & Germany most powerful
•Alliance system begins which will lead to WWI
•Militarism
Tore apart Long established EmpiresToo Diverse to survive
•Austro- Hungarian Empire, Ottoman Empire, & Russian Empire will not survive WWI