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BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
CulvertInspection and Rating
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
2
Introduction• Bridge -sized culvert has an equivalent
diameter of 1500mm or greater• Bridge site that requires a 1500 mm pipe due to
hydraulic discharge• Will routinely inspect smaller culverts if there
are several ( low level crossing)• May also inspect if multiple small culverts are
equivalent in capacity to bridge-sized• May inspect certain other non-bridge sized
culverts
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
3
Introduction
• Many different types of culverts - see BIS manual
• Vast majority are CSP or SPCSP in various shapes - round, arch pipe, horizontal ellipse
• Three culvert forms• Same forms used for all types of culverts• Timber pipe (TP) culverts exception
– Use TT form
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
4
Form Types
• CUL1– Single culvert or single culvert extended with same
material and size
• CULM– Two or more culverts (MP, SP or BP etc.)– Includes 1 Upstream & 1 Downstream End sections
per Barrel section as required – Includes 2 cell box extended with single steel
• CULE– Single culvert extended with different material
and/or size– One Upstream & Downstream section, Barrel
sections for all cells and/or pipes
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
5
N um ber of C ulverts
P ipe # TypeSpan C orr. P rofileBarre l LengthR ise (or D ia.) P l. Thickness Shape
1
2
3
4
Specia l Features
Specia l Features C om m ent
Bridge C ulvert Inspection
Inventory Information
• Extracted from BIS • Span/rise is original design shape• Span type see Sec. 13.2.3• Corr. Profile (76x25, 152x51, etc.)• Specific information is provided for all pipes
– a culvert extended with same material is considered to be one culvert
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
6
Numbering and Identification
• Where the culvert does not carry flow determine “upstream” and “downstream”– Look in direction of increasing chainage
• (to north or east)
– Left is “upstream” (end 1)– Right is “downstream” (end 2)– Keep same choice for each subsequent inspection
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
North or East
South or West
“Downstream” End 2
“Upstream” End 1
2
1
7
Numbering and Identification
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
8
Numbering and Identification
• Primary span is the largest span at the site• Secondary span is the smaller span• Where more than one culvert the same
number barrel sections 1, 2, 3, etc.• Culverts are numbered in order of increasing
chainage (to north or east)
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
9
Ends - General
• Individual rating sections for the upstream and downstream ends
• Single upstream and downstream end sections for the CUL1, CULE and CULM forms
• Upstream and Downstream sections are identical
• Items are inspected and rated the same way for both ends
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
10
Downstream End
Direction
W ingw alls
(Shape : )
End Treatm ent (Concrete, Steel, O thers, None)
Collar/C oncrete S lope P rotection
Headw all
Cutoff W all
Bevel End
Invert Above/Below Stream Bed
Scour P rotection
Scour/E rosion
Beavers (Y /N )
Heaving (m m )
Above/Below (m m )
(Type : )
(Avg. R ock S ize (m m ) : )
Ends - General
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
11
Downstream End
Direction
End Treatm ent (Concrete, Steel, O thers, None)
Ends - General
• Record direction of end in Explanation of Condition
• Record End Treatment type• Scour Protection is not End Treatment
N
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
12
Ends - End Treatment
• Purpose:– Improve aesthetics– Improve hydraulic performance– Prevent undermining due to scour– Prevent scour of the embankment– Reduce piping along or under the culvert– Resist uplift due to buoyancy forces– Shorten the culvert– Stiffen the ends
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
14
Downstream End
Headw all
End Treatment - Headwall
• Located over the crown• Usually attached to the barrel• Purpose:
– Aesthetics– Strengthen end– Resist buoyancy force– Retaining walls
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
15
End Treatment - Headwall
• Look for:– Signs of movement or tilting– Loose connections
• Rate according to condition of material and functionality of component
• Condition affecting functionality rate 4 or less
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
16
Downstream End
C ollar/C oncrete S lope P rotection
End Treatment - Collar / Slope Protection
• Located along the beveled slopes of flexible culverts between headwall and cutoff wall
• Usually constructed from concrete• Usually used with and connected to headwall
and cutoff walls– May be used alone
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
17
End Treatment - Collar / Slope Protection
• Purpose:– Aesthetics– Stiffen the bevel– Resist buoyancy force– Improve hydraulic efficiency of end– Concrete slope protection
• protect against scour / erosion• reduces piping potential
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
18
End Treatment - Collar / Slope Protection
• Look for:– Evidence of piping or scour / erosion– Loose connections– Voids underneath or settlement
• Rate according to condition of material and functionality of component
• If piping, rate 4 or less:– Also rated under bevel end and barrel
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
19
D ow nstream End
W ingw alls
(Shape : )
End Treatment - Wingwalls
• Generally found at culverts that do not have bevels
• Not solidly attached to the barrel• Usually constructed from concrete or steel• Purpose
– Improve hydraulic efficiency– Retain embankment fill
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
20
End Treatment - Wingwalls
• May be parallel or flared– Parallel wingwall
• require less scour protection between them
– Flared wingwalls• more hydraulic efficient
• May have a reinforced concrete slab between– Prevents undermining of wingwalls due to scour– Act as struts for greater stability
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
21
End Treatment - Wingwalls
• Indicate wingwall Shape– No Explanation of Condition required
• Look for:– Evidence of movement– Loose connections (gap at barrel)– Scour / erosion at toe or behind wingwall
• If wingwall is unstable rate 4 or less• Separation losing fill rate 4 or less• Includes rating of wingwall floor slab
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
22
Downstream End
C utoff W all
End Treatment - Cutoff Wall
• Located at the end of the culvert• Vertical wall extending down below the bottom
of the culvert• Depth exceeds the depth of the riprap or
concrete apron
• Usually constructed from concrete or steel• Purpose:
– Reduce potential for undermining of end of culvert– Minimize possibility of piping– Resist buoyancy force
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
23
End Treatment - Cutoff Wall
• Look for evidence of:– Undermining– Piping– Uplift– Loose connections
• Usually not possible to inspect since they are submerged or covered with ice or debris– If not visible rate “N”
• If piping, rate 4 or less– Also affects Bevel End and Barrel Rating
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
24
Downstream End
Bevel End
Invert Above/Below Stream Bed
H eaving (m m )
Above/Below (m m )
Ends - Bevel End
• Sloped section at the end of the culvert• Permanently attached to the barrel• Generally parallel to the culvert axis• Bevel types
– Full bevel– Step bevel
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
25
Ends - Bevel End
• Compared to projecting ends, bevel ends are more:– Aesthetic– Economical– Hydraulically efficient
• Compared to projecting ends, bevel ends on corrugated steel culverts are more flexible and susceptible to:– Deform due to lateral earth pressure– Uplift due to buoyancy– Heave due to frost action
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
26
Ends - Bevel End
• Measure or estimate heaving of bevel and record amount
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
27
Ends - Bevel End
• Record whether invert at end of bevel is above or below streambed
• Measure or estimate height above or depth below streambed and record amount
• Find a representative natural streambed location– May have hole or deposits at end of culvert
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
M easureH ere
M easureH ere
M easureH ere
InvertBelow
Stream bed
InvertAbove
S tream bed
H eaved InvertAbove
S tream bed
Invert
Invert
Invert
28
Ends - Bevel End
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Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
29
Ends - Bevel End
• Look for:– Deformation– Impact damage– Corrosion– Abrasion
• If piping, rate 4 or less– Also rated under End Treatment and Barrel
• Defects or deformations not affecting function rate 5 or more
• Corrosion affecting strength or function rate 4 or less
• If no bevel, rate “X” and provide explanation– Underpasses typically have square or projecting ends
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
30
Downstream End
Scour P rotection
(Type : )
(Avg. R ock S ize (m m ) : )
Ends - Scour Protection
• Usually heavy rock riprap• The current version of standard plan S-1418
shows the minimum requirements for riprap– Coverage– Size– Minimum thickness– Gradation
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Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
31
Ends - Scour Protection
• Purpose is to prevent scour and erosion at culvert ends which may:– Undermine the culvert– Undermine the sideslopes– Cause the formation of sand bars
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Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
32
Ends - Scour Protection
• Record the type of scour protection– If none exists and none is required, record type as
“NATURAL”– If none exists and some is require, record type as
“NONE”
• Estimate and record the average size (for riprap only)
• Look for:– Durability of riprap - e.g. sandstone not acceptable– Displacement or movement– Scour– Current standards on S- 1418
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
33
Ends - Scour Protection
• No scour/erosion or displacement rate 5 or more
• If none exists and none is required (type “NATURAL”), rate 7 or more
• If none exists and some is required (type “NONE”), rate 4 or less
• Do not rate higher than scour if scour rated 4 or less
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
34
Downstream End
Scour/E rosion
Ends - Scour / Erosion
• Removal of material from the streambed, banks or sideslopes by the action of flowing water
• Effects:– Undermine the culvert– Undermine the sideslopes– Impede fish passage– Alter culvert hydraulics
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Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
35
Ends - Scour / Erosion
• Look for:– Scour holes, especially at downstream ends– Undermining of culvert end or sideslopes– Slumping of sideslope or banks– Areas where flow impinges on banks, sideslopes or
protection systems– Areas susceptible to high velocities and undermining
• culvert footings• ends or bottoms of wingwalls and cutoff walls• sides of collars• ends or bottoms of ends of protection systems
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
36
Ends - Scour / Erosion
• Rate the presence and extent of scour and adverse effects on culvert, embankment, streambed and banks
• Scour/erosion affecting culvert, rate 4 or less• If culvert and embankment are not affected,
rate 5 or more
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
37
Downstream End
Beavers (Y /N )
Ends - Beaver Activity
• Beavers frequently construct dams at inlet or inside culverts
• Effects:– reduced flow capacity– Flooding upstream– Scour– Ponding of water inside culverts preventing
inspection
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Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
38
Ends - Beaver Activity
• Indicate the presence of beaver dams in or near the culvert by Yes or No
• If “yes”, explain• No rating required but may affect
– End General Rating– Scour– Waterway Adequacy in Barrel section
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Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
39
Ends - General Rating
• Governed by ratings :– Headwall– Collar– Wingwall– Cutoff Wall– Bevel end– Inadequate scour protection– Scour/erosion
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Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
40
Barrel - Rigid Types
• Made from concrete and timber• Designed to carry loads without deflection• Culvert carries entire load with no reliance on
surrounding fill for support Can directly inspect entire load carrying system (I.e. culvert)
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
41
Barrel - Flexible Types
• Made from corrugated steel• Low strength• Dependent on surrounding backfill for support• Culvert deflects under load until the backfill
picks up the stress• Entire load carrying system cannot be
inspected directly (I.e. can inspect culvert but not backfill)
• Flexible culverts more susceptible to failure caused by:– Change in shape due to excessive deflection– defective joints - cracks, open joints, cusped seams,
etc.– Corrosion of plates– Uplift of ends due to buoyancy forces
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
42
Bridge C ulvert Barre l
(P ipe # : )
Sag (m m )
M easured at R ing num ber
Longitudinal Seam s
Bulge (m m )
M in. R em ain ing Stee lBetw een C racks (m m )
(Type : )
(Type : )
S idew all
M easured R ise (m m )
Percent D eflection
Tota l num ber of R ings w ith Tw oC racked Seam s
Abrasion (Y /N )
Proper Lap (Y /N )
Specia l Feature
Specia l Feature
Percent Sag
R oof
D eflection (m m )
Tota l num ber of C racked R ings
M easured at R ing num ber
M easured Span (m m )
Separation (m m )
M easured at R ing num ber
F loor
C ircum ferentia l Seam s
Longitudinal Stagger (Y /N )
Barre l Last Accessib le D ate
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
43
Bridge C ulvert Barre l
(P ipe # : )
C oating
(C orrosion by W ater (Y /N )
(Type : )
Ic ing (Y /N )
D rift (Y /N )
S ilting (Y /N )
C orrosion By Soil (Y /N )
Baffle
W aterw ay Adequacy
C am ber PO S/ZER O /N EG
Ponding (Y /N )
F ish Passage Adequacy
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
44
Bridge Culvert Barrel
Barre l Last Accessib le Date
Barrel - General
• If barrel accessible provide current date• Not accessible explain why & retain previous
date• Rate elements N if not visible• Previous comments are retained and dated• If more than one barrel indicate location (west)
or span number
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
45
Bridge Culvert Barre l
(Type : )
(Type : )
Specia l Feature
Specia l Feature
Barrel - Special Features
• Cannot be rated under another component• May be temporary or permanent• Must be inspectable
– Special design features not usually inspectable (ribs, thrust blocks, etc.)
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
46
Barrel - Special Features
• Examples– Struts– Shotcrete beams– Abrasion plates– De-icing devices
• Record type• Provide additional information in Explanation
of Condition– Description– Location– Dimensions– Inspection procedures
• Provide a suitable condition rating
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
47
Bridge Culvert Barre l
Sag (m m )
M easured at R ing num ber
Bulge (m m )
S idew all
M easured R ise (m m )
Percent D eflection
Abrasion (Y /N )
Percent Sag
Roof
Deflection (m m )
M easured at R ing num ber
M easured Span (m m )
Separation (m m )
M easured at R ing num ber
F loor
C ircum ferentia l Seam s
Barrel - Deformation
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Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
48
Barrel - Ring
• Three items Roof, Sidewall & Floor make up complete ring
• Purpose:– Carry water flow or traffic– carry loads and transmit to surrounding soil– Prevent infiltration of fill
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Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
49
120
120
6060
Floor
Roof
Sid
ew
all
Sid
ew
all
Barrel - Ring
• For round culverts, use approximate arcs shown– Use longitudinal seam if close
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
50
Barrel - Ring
• Look for:– Deformation– Localized crimping– Longitudinal seam problems– Corrosion– Abrasion on floor
• On concrete culverts– Structural problems
• Cracking
– Material defects• Corrosion• Scaling and freeze-thaw damage
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Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
51
Barrel - Ring
• Record rise and span measurements a location measured, calculate %
• Indicate abrasion on floor by Yes or No• Rate flexible culverts as per Table 13.3• Deformations- 7% or less, rate 5 or more,
10% or more, rate 3 or less, reverse curvature rate 2 or less.
• Corrosion– Roof/Sidewall - extensive corrosion & pitting rate 4,
severe perforations rate 1– Floor - isolated perforations rate 4, severe
perforations rate2
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
Span
Span
R ise
R ise
A
CB2B1
D esign Shape
D eform ed Shape
A = R oof SagB1 + B2 = S idewall D eflectionc = F loor Bulge
52
Barrel - Ring
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Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
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Barrel - Deformation
• Sag is vertical deformation - i.e. change in rise– Positive sag is decrease in rise
• Deflection is horizontal deformation - i.e. change in span– Positive deflection is increase in span
• Bulging is vertical deformation of floor– Positive is bulging upwards
• Measurements always taken on inside of crests• Compare to original design dimensions on page
1• When measuring rise, must estimate floor
bulge and exclude from sag calculation• Measure at worst location and mark for future
comparison
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
54
Bridge Culvert Barre l
Separation (m m )
C ircum ferentia l Seam s
Barrel - Circumferential Seams
• Refers to seams joining individual rings or sections of culvert– Does not include riveted seams or helical lockseams
• Found on most types of culverts– Bolted seams on SPCSP– Couplers on CSP– Joints in precast concrete– Construction joints in cast-in-place concrete
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Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
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Barrel - Circumferential Seams
• Purpose– Join rings– Prevent infiltration of backfill
• Most common problems are separation caused by settlement or corrosion of couplers– Especially CSP and precast concrete
• Potential for safety problem if void develops in fill
• Look for:– Separation– Loose or missing couplers (corrosion)– Bent or broken edges on the rings– Misalignment of rings– Infiltration of backfill– Voids in surrounding fill
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Barrel - Circumferential Seams
• Record width of worst separation• If infiltration of soil or void - rate 4 or less• If void large enough to cause safety concern -
rate 2 or less• Cracking larger than H or N due to roof sag,
rate 4 or less• May affect Roof, Sidewall or Floor rating
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Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
57
Bridge Culvert Barre l
Longitudinal Seam s
M in. R em ain ing SteelBetw een C racks (m m )
Tota l num ber o f R ings w ith Tw oC racked Seam s
Proper Lap (Y /N )
Tota l num ber o f C racked R ings
Longitudinal Stagger (Y /N )
Barrel - Longitudinal Seams
• Applies to SPCSP and CSP riveted culverts• All others, Rate “X”
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Barrel - Longitudinal Seams
• Purpose– Join individual plates in ring– Transmit loads between plates
• Indicate if all seams properly lapped by Yes or No– If No, provide Explanation of Condition
• Indicate if seams staggered by Yes or No– Within same arc only– At change of arc should not be staggered– If No provide Explanation of Condition
• Most common problem is cracking– Especially on improperly lapped seams
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INCORRECT LAP
CORRECT LAP
59
Barrel - Longitudinal Seams
• Typical longitudinal seams
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Cracked Seam
60
Typical longitudinal seams
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Barrel - Longitudinal Seams
• Record number of rings with cracked seams• Record number of rings with 2 or more cracked
seams• Record remaining steel between cracks &
record worst condition location• Mark and date ends of worst cracks
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Barrel - Longitudinal Seams
• Other problems– Poorly nested plates– Cusping– Plate deformation
• bolt tipping• Bolts pulling out
• Rate as per Table 13.3• If seams are in otherwise excellent condition
but not properly lapped - rate 8• Rating for longitudinal seams may also affect
Roof, Floor and Sidewall ratings• Seams with less than 50mm rate 2 or less
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63
Bridge C ulvert Barre l
(P ipe # : )
C oating
(C orrosion by W ater (Y /N )
C orrosion By Soil (Y /N )
Barrel - Coating
• Applicable to steel culverts only• Applies mainly to zinc coating
– Can include other types, aluminized, bituminous
• Purpose is to protect the steel from corrosion– Zinc & aluminum protect by sacrificial action
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Barrel - Coating
• Corrosion can occur on soil or water side of culvert
• Soil side corrosion not directly inspectable until perforation occurs– Difference in backfill resistivity– Corrosive chemicals in backfill or water in fill
• Water side corrosion usually occurs in invert area– Abrasion can remove protective coating– Water may have low pH or contain corrosive
chemicals– Anaerobic bacteria may live in stagnant water in
valleys
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Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
65
Barrel - Coating
• Look for:– Fabrication or installation defects or damage
• White rust
– Loss of coating– Corrosion– Rust stains from bolt holes or seams– Perforations
• Record if corrosion is on SOIL and/or WATER side
• Rate as per Table 13.1• If staining from bolt holes or seams, rate 6 or
less• Heavy rust and deep pitting, rate 4 or less• Rating of coating may affect Roof, Sidewall and
Floor rating
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Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
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66
Bridge C ulvert Barre l
C am ber PO S/ZER O /N EG
Barrel - Camber
• Refers to longitudinal gradeline of invert• No rating is required• If water line is level can be used to determine
camber• Record whether camber is POSITIVE, Zero (0),
or NEGATIVE• If significantly POSITIVE or NEGATIVE provide
Explanation
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Positive C am ber
N egative C am ber
R oof Sag
N o C am ber
67
Barrel - Coating
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Bridge Culvert Barre l
Ponding (Y /N )
Barrel - Ponding
• Refers to ponded water which adversely affects the culvert– Especially underpasses
• Does not refer to normal amounts of ponded water– Normal water level in stream– Invert normally set below streambed
• No rating required• Indicate presence of ponding by Yes or No• If “yes”, explain
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Bridge Culvert Barre l
(Type : )Baffle
F ish Passage Adequacy
Barrel - Fish Passage Adequacy
• Refers to ability of culvert to accommodate fish passage
• Designed for no more than 3 day delay during 1:10 flood
• May have fish baffles to:– provide rest areas– reduce velocities– provide minimum water levels
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Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
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BeaverD am
O utfa ll
?
Steep G radient(h igh ve locity)
70
Barrel - Fish Passage Adequacy
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Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
Barrel - Fish Passage Adequacy
Fish Baffles
71
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
72
Barrel - Fish Passage Adequacy
• Types of baffles– Spoilers
• Concrete or steel projections
– Large boulders– Weirs
• Extend fully across floor• May have notches
– Bolted to floor to prevent displacement– Baffles at outlet only may not be for fish passage
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
73
Barrel - Fish Passage Adequacy
• Record type of baffle or NONE • Look for:
– Excessive velocities• Scour• Silt deposition downstream
– Steep gradient in culvert– Drops at ends of culvert– Anything which could block flow or affect water
levels• Dirt• Beaver dams
– Condition and functionality of baffles including anchorages
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
74
Barrel - Fish Passage Adequacy
• Rate X if not a fish bearing stream or if not a water course culvert
• Rating includes condition of fish baffles and anchorages
• If fish passage is not possible, rate 3 or less
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
75
Bridge Culvert Barre l
Ic ing (Y /N )
D rift (Y /N )
S ilting (Y /N )
W aterw ay Adequacy
Barrel - Waterway Adequacy
• Refers to the ability of the culvert to safely pass the design flow– Freeboard– Pass drift without damage– No damage from backwater created
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
76
Barrel - Waterway Adequacy
• Adequately sized culvert may be affected by:– Ice build up– Silt deposition– Drift accumulation– Beaver dams– Ponding– Repair or rehabilitation work
• Shotcrete beams• Struts
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
77
Barrel - Waterway Adequacy
• Indicate presence of ice build up (icing) by Yes or No if Yes explain– Not normal freezing of ponded water– Results from spring activity which freezes
and causes layers of ice to build up– If previously Yes - leave and retain
comments adding date of previous inspection
• indicate presence of silt build up (Silting) by Yes or No, if Yes explain– Invert normally below streambed– Minor accumulation of silt expected
• Indicate presence of drift by Yes or No• If “yes”, explain
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
78
Barrel - Waterway Adequacy
• Look for:– High water marks– Potential damage from backwater– Potential for drift– Evidence of high velocities
• Scour• Silt deposition downstream
– Presence and effect of items which can affect adequacy
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
79
Barrel - Waterway Adequacy
• Rate “X” if not a drainage culvert• Adequate opening rate 5• If potential for significant drift which culvert
cannot accommodate, rate 4 or less• If potential for damage due to backwater, rate
4 or less• HWM above crown, 4 or less• Culvert blockage 50% or more rate 3 or less
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
80
Barrel - General Rating
• Governed by ratings for:– Roof– Sidewalls– Longitudinal seams – Extensive corrosion and pitting– Severe circumferential seam problems
• Refer to Table 13.3• If barrel not accessible, may rate “N” (only case
this allowed)• If previous less than 5 carry over previous
rating and provide Explanation of Condition• If previous greater than 5 rate “N”
BIMBridge Inspection and Maintenance
Technical Standards BranchClass B Bridge Inspection Course
Culvert Inspection and Ratings
81
Effects of Struts onBarrel General Rating
• Inspector may increase rating by 1 or 2 points but not exceed rating of 4.
• Rating Conditions– struts in place more than 2 years– struts rated 5 or more– 1 permanent reference for monitoring– struts inspected after any significant event otherwise
1/2 cycle– consider depth of cover– does not apply when deflections >30% or cracked
seams less than 25% remaining– applied to general rating only, element ratings
remain unchanged