BillSmelser_2

8/12/2019 BillSmelser_2

1/45

1 William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC28 January, 2013

A Brighter TomorrowLED Streetlighting in Toronto

Solid State Street Lighting

March 19, 2013


2/45


ANSI/IESNA RP-8-00Re-affirmed 2010

RecommendedPractice for

Roadway Lighting


3/45


Purpose of Standard

Recommended practice for designing new, continuouslighting systems

Roadways, adjacent bikeways, and pedestrian ways

Basis for design of fixed lighting


4/45


RP-8-? (Being voted on again by RLC & TRC)

ANSI/IES Document, if Approved will: Use only Table 3 (Luminance) Split into new Table 2 (Roadways) and Table 3 (Streets)

Illuminance may be moved to Annex Not include Cut-off Classifications Relate to TM-15 and Model Outdoor Lighting Ordinance (MLO)BUG Ratings for Uplight control

Rely on Veiling Luminance Ratio calculations for Glare Control Describe Limited Use of Mesopic Multipliers based on TM-12-12

Hope to Publ ish in 2013.


5/45


Joint IDA-IES

Model Outdoor Lighting Ordinance

MLO

IES


6/45


Prescriptive Method

Lumen density limits to address over-lighting

3 digit identification system for lighting products B rating Backlight or light trespass U rating Upward light or sky glow G rating High angle zone or glare

Limits for each lighting zone are published

in TM-15-11(Luminaire ClassificationSystem for Outdoor Luminaires)


7/45


Street Lighting Ordinance (Optional)

Light Shielding and DistributionCobra Head Street lights shall have zero uplight

Glare control shall meet requirements of ANSI/IES

RP-8-00 Veiling Luminance Ratio (L v) Exemption;

Decorative or architectural streetlights designed for

specific district shall meet uplight control requirementsU


8/45

Mesopic Vision

The Blue Lumen Myth


9/45


Roadway Lighting Committee (RLC) Research & Development

Presentation by Dr. Ron Gibbons, VTTI to sub-committee in LA Oct 1, 2010

Mesopic Factor (S/P ratio) does not apply to foveal vision.

Can be applied to peripheral vision when adaptation level is in the mesopicrange

Will be used only for areas primarily used by pedestrians when postedtraffic speed is at or below 40 kph (25 mph)

Calculation process is iterative and is performed at each calculation point.Is not a multiplier that can applied to lamp lumens or illuminance levels

Use and calculation methods discussed at RLC meeting in Dallas lastweek May be deleted from final edition


10/45


IES Lighting Handbook 2011

0.3 cd/m

S/P Ratios &

Mesopic Multipliers


11/45


What is Different about LED?

Performance Considerations

Standards and Testing Procedures

Designing with LED Luminaires

William A. Smelser, BSc., IESNA, LC


12/45


Performance Considerations

HID Light SourcesLight produced by electricarc

Intermittent (120 times persecond) AC current

Will extinguish if line voltagenot maintained. One to 20minute restrike

No adjustment for operatingtemperature

LED Light SourcesLight produced by photonemission at diode junction

Continuous light with DCcurrent

Instant on and restrike

Life and efficacy affected by

operating temperature


13/45


Performance Testing

IESNA Testing ProceduresFor

LED Luminaires


14/45


Performance Testing

HID LuminairesPhotometric testing toIES LM-31

Adjusted to publishedinitial lamp lumens

No adjustment foroperating temperature

No adjustment to lamplife

LED LuminairesPhotometric testing to IES LM-79

Absolute photometry

Lamp life and efficacy are derivedfrom data accumulated using IESLM-80 procedures based on LED

junction temperatures in aluminaire and calculated usingTM-21-11 procedures

14


15/45


LED Measurement Procedures

15


16/45


LM-79-08

Electrical and Photometric Measurements of SolidState Lighting Products

Absolute photometry

Type C moving mirror goneophotometers normally usedfor measurement of luminous intensity distribution fromwhich total luminous flux can be obtained

Spectroradiometer or colorimiter may be used tomeasure chromaticity co-ordinates, CCT and CRI.Spectral Power Distribution may also be determined


17/45


LM-79-08

Electrical and Photometric Measurements of Solid StateLighting Products

Tests are performed in a chamber with no external air flow at an ambient

temperature controlled to 25 C 1CLuminaire is placed in measuring instrument and energized for a period oftime until thermal equilibrium is reached

Measurements are recorded and published without any correction factors

Other electrical data is recordedElectronic file is prepared using LM-63 format


18/45


LM-80-08

Measuring Lumen Maintenance of LED Light SourcesLED Light Sources are tested at a minimum of three casetemperatures (Ts); 55 C and 85C plus one other.

Test point is defined by the manufacturer so as to correlate to and

be used to calculate Junction Temperature (Tj). Ambient temperature in test instrument to be maintained at 25C 1C

Drive current is set and remains constant throughout the test cycle

Both luminous flux and chromaticity are recorded initially and atevery 1,000 hours for a minimum of 6,000 or a preferred 10,000hours.

18


19/45


LM-80-08

Measuring Lumen Maintenance of LED LightSources

Resulting reports provide Lamp Lumen Output at thethree or more junction temperatures (Tj) used in thetest.

19


20/45


TM-21-11

Projecting Long Term

Lumen Maintenance of

LED Light Sources

Approved by the IES Board in July 2011


21/45


TM-21 supplements IES LM-80 raw test data to provide LEDlifetime projections that are consistent and understandable

Committee included U.S. Dept. Of Energy, NIST, PNNL, Cree,Philips Lumileds, Nichia and OSRAM

TM-21 provides two major functions:

1. Extrapolate a single LM-80 data set to estimate L xx LED lifetime

2. Interpolate a matched LM-80 data set (same current, 3 differenttemperatures) for a specific temperature, and estimate L xx LEDlifetime

LM-80 & TM-21

LM-80(testing)

+ =TM-21(projection)

Somethinguseful

Courtesy; Mark McClear, Cree


22/45


TM-21 New Concepts

L xx (Yk) xx = % lumen maintenance (e.g., L 70 , L 88 , L 50 ) Y = duration of LM-80 test used for the projection Calculated & Reported Lifetime Calculated = what the extrapolation says Reported = Calculated, limited by LM-80 test duration

(6x LM- 80 for sample size 20)

Lifetimes always rounded to 3 significant digits 36,288 36,300 215,145 215,000

Example: L70

(12k)



23/45


TM-21-11 Tables

ABT1 30LED E35Operating Hours 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 4550K 100% 100% 100% 99% 98% 97% 96% 96% 95%60K 100% 100% 100% 99% 98% 97% 96% 95% 94%70K 100% 100% 100% 99% 97% 96% 95% 94% 93%80K 100% 100% 100% 98% 97% 95% 94% 93% 92%90K 100% 100% 100% 98% 96% 95% 94% 92% 91%100K 100% 100% 100% 98% 96% 94% 93% 92% 91%



Ambient Temperatures


24/45


TM-21-11 Tables

8 November, 2011 24

ABT1 60LED E35Operating Hours 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

50K 100% 100% 97% 96% 95% 95% 94% 94% 93%60K 100% 100% 96% 95% 95% 94% 93% 93% 92%

70K 99% 99% 96% 95% 94% 93% 92% 92% 91%

80K 99% 99% 95% 94% 93% 92% 91% 91% 90%90K 99% 99% 95% 93% 92% 91% 90% 90% 89%100K 99% 99% 94% 93% 91% 90% 89% 89% 88%



Ambient Temperatures


25/45


TM-21-11 Curves

Ambient C

60 LED E70


26/45


Levels of LED StandardsLevel Description Example

Basic definition LED chip, LED lamp,Module, LightEngine

IES RP-16

LED Component Colour, LumenMaintenance,Binning

ANSI C78.377A,IES LM-80, IES TM-21, NEMA SSL-3,CSA C22.2 No. 250.13

Fixture Photometry, safety IES LM-79, UL 8750,CSA C22.2 No.250

Application Streets, Roadways

Parking Areas

IES RP-8,

IES RP-20Program Energy, utility US EPA Energy Star,

Design LightsConsortia, KoreanEnergy Program, etc.



27/45


Junction Temperature Relationships

Relationship between Tj and Light Output or efficacy Every photometric file tested to LM-79 will potentially have a

different LLD curve

Relationship between Tj and expected useful life The same luminaire with changes to LED quantity and/or drive

current will have different projected life to L xx or a different Lxx atprojected useful life of system. Lxx represents the appropriate Lamp Lumen Depreciation

level Optimum end of Life should be based on the expected life

of the luminaire not just the LED array.


28/45


We can now design for the lightlevel that is required at end o f

us efu l l i fe rather than usingestimated mean lumens.


29/45


Designing with LEDLuminaires


30/45


LED Street Lighting Design Parameters

Existing Street for conversion

i. Street Parameters

a) Number and width of driving lanes

b) Width of any turn lanes

c) Width and location of parking lanes and bicycle lanes

ii. Street usage classification and Pedestrian conflictiii. Pole specifics

a) Luminaire mounting height

b) Pole setback from curb

c) Bracket arm type and lengthd) Arrangement and spacing

iv. Proposed cleaning cycle

v. Existing luminaires


31/45


Sample Application

Existing 200W HPS Flat Glass Cobra Head 245W input CWA ballast

Collector Street with Medium Pedestrian Traffic

Four lanes (2 in each direction). 3.5m lane widthsStaggered Poles spacing 79m

10.4m Mounting Height

2.5m setback2.4m arms


32/45


Sample Application

Retrofit from HPS to LED No change in pole location or bracket arm

Expected useful life; 20 years (88,000 hours)

Cleaning every five yearsClean atmospheric conditions

Average night-time temperature 10C

Require 50% energy reduction


33/45


Luminaire Dirt Depreciation

LDD = 0.89


34/45


LLF = LDD X LLD

LDD from IES RP-8-00; 5-year cleaning, Clean ambient LDD = 0.89

LLD from specific TM-21-11 table Average night-time ambient; 10C Expected project life-time; 90,000 operating hours LLD = ?

LLF = 0.89 x ? = ??????


35/45


LLF = LDD X LLD


LLD from specific TM-21-11 table (60LED E70) 700mA Average night-time ambient; 10C 90,000 operating hours LLD =

LLF = 0.89 x .93 = .83

.93 ABT1 60LED E35Operating Hours 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 4550K 100% 100% 97% 96% 95% 95% 94% 94% 93%60K 100% 100% 96% 95% 95% 94% 93% 93% 92%

70K 99% 99% 96% 95% 94% 93% 92% 92% 91%

80K 99% 99% 95% 94% 93% 92% 91% 91% 90%90K 99% 99% 95% 93% 92% 91% 90% 90% 89%100K 99% 99% 94% 93% 91% 90% 89% 89% 88%




36/45


LLF = LDD X LLD


LLD from specific TM-21-11 table (60LED E53) 525mA Average night-time ambient; 10C 90,000 operating hours LLD =

LLF = 0.89 x .96 = .85

.96 ABT1 60LED E35Operating Hours 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 4550K 100% 100% 97% 96% 95% 95% 94% 94% 93%60K 100% 100% 96% 95% 95% 94% 93% 93% 92%

70K 99% 99% 96% 95% 94% 93% 92% 92% 91%

80K 99% 99% 95% 94% 93% 92% 91% 91% 90%90K 99% 99% 95% 93% 92% 91% 90% 90% 89%100K 99% 99% 94% 93% 91% 90% 89% 89% 88%

ABT1 60LED E53Operating Hours 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 4550K 99% 98% 99% 97% 97% 96% 95% 95% 94%60K 99% 97% 98% 97% 96% 95% 94% 94% 93%70K 98% 97% 98% 96% 95% 94% 93% 93% 92%

80K 98% 96% 97% 96% 95% 94% 93% 92% 91%90K 98% 96% 97% 95% 94% 93% 92% 91% 90%100K 97% 96% 97% 95% 93% 92% 91% 90% 89%



37/45


Existing 200W Flat Glass Cobra Head

245W input CWA ballast

IES RP-8-05 RECOMMENDATION

Avg. Maintained;

0.6 cd/mMax./Min; 6.0

Avg./Min.: 3.5

Lv Ratio; 0.4


38/45


LED Luminaire #1 (60 LED 700mA)

144.5 W input Electronic Driver


Avg. Maintained; 0.6 cd/m

Max./Min; 6.0 Avg./Min.: 3.5

Lv Ratio; 0.4


39/45


LED Luminaire #1 (60 LED 525mA)

105.7 W input Electronic Driver


Avg. Maintained; 0.6 cd/m

Max./Min; 6.0 Avg./Min.: 3.5

Lv Ratio; 0.4


40/45


Surge Protection

All Electronic Devices RequireProtection from Induced Voltage Surges

LED d C b t S IEEE C62 41 2002


41/45


Category A: Indoor: 6kV / 0.5kA

Category B: Indoor: 6kV / 3kACategory C Low: Outdoor: 6kV / 3kA

Category C High : Outdoor : 10kV/10kA

C B AIEEE STDC62.41

LEDgend Combats Surge IEEE C62.41 2002


42/45


Design Integrity System Life - Surge Protection

Surge Protection Device designed tomeet ANSI/IEEE C62.41 2002-Category C High

Specifically designed for Electroniccontrol gear including LED Drivers

Designed to fail off. Disconnects driverfrom mains.

To continue to protect luminaireelectronics until SPD is replaced.

Warns that SPD has failed andneeds to be replaced


43/45


Basic LED Luminaire Specification

Colour Temperature Supply Voltage Photocontrol receptacle if required Paint finish colour if required Must be located on existing bracket arms and pole locations Internal field level adjustment Must meet RP-8 Table 3 lighting requirements for street classifications LM-79 photometry from independent NVLAP approved lab

TM-21 LLD data Vibration test data Surge protection data Warranty


44/45


Optional LED Luminaire Requirements

Dimming, Monitoring, Metering Dimmable Driver

Part-Night Dimming Constant Light Output Dimming

Wireless Monitoring Optional Metering


45/45

Discussion

Documents

BillSmelser_2