Bill Harrison2009 Minnesota Chapter Refrigeration Seminar

F b 10 2009

Bill Harrison2009 Minnesota Chapter Refrigeration Seminar

F b 10 2009February 10, 2009February 10, 2009

ChallengesChallenges

Energy – cost and availabilityF d d il bili Food – cost and availability

Protecting the environment

ASHRAEASHRAE

52,000 members in 130 countries1 0 h i 24 i 170 chapters in 24 countries

Associate Societies in 32 countries 2500 members active on committees

EnergyEnergy

Cost and availabilityIEA $100 / B l till 2015 $120 till 2030 IEA: $100 / Barrel till 2015; $120 till 2030

End use in developed economies B ildi 40% Buildings – 40% Transportation 28% Industry 32% Industry 32%

Coal and oil primary energy sources 45% Growth between 2006 and 2030 45% Growth between 2006 and 2030

FoodFood

CostE d i t Energy driven costs

Spoilage Availability Availability

Cost and spoilage Foodstock diversion Foodstock diversion

Refrigeration – large energy consumer

EnvironmentEnvironment

Buildings use 70% of electricityE i i i f i Extensive emissions from generation

Water use for generation 45% Emissions growth 2006 to 2030

ASHRAE Strategic PlanASHRAE Strategic Plan

Strategic Direction # 1ASHRAE ill l d hASHRAE will lead the

advancement of sustainable building design and operationbuilding design and operation

2007-2008 Focus on design 2008 2009 Focus on operation 2008-2009 Focus on operation

Energy WasteEnergy WasteA Real Problem… A Real OpportunityA Real Problem… A Real Opportunity

Sustainability for ASHRAESustainability for ASHRAE

Energy EfficiencyEnergy EfficiencyA dA dAndAnd

Healthy and Productive Indoor Healthy and Productive Indoor EnvironmentsEnvironments

Improved OperatingImproved Operating Strategies

Energy Systems Lab - Texas A & M– Save 10% to 40% energy

World Energy Forum: 17% Internal rate of return for energy efficiency upgrades

Not product centered Software and expert knowledge focused Limited knowledge distribution

Improved Operating StrategiesImproved Operating Strategies

Lack of standardizationMi h j Minor changes use major energy

Wrong incentives for operators No training programs

Chilled Water Plant StrategiesChilled Water Plant Strategies

Rightsizing equipment Variable Primary Pumping Variable Primary Pumping Optimized condenser water

Temperature Temperature Flow

Thermal storageg Model energy - track energy Periodic re-commissioning

Energy Conserving StrategiesEnergy Conserving Strategies

Envelope testingP t t Pressure tests

Infrared Scans Return to design conditions Return to design conditions Scheduling review

Operator Training

L l hL l h Local chapter programLocal chapter program HVAC fundamentalsHVAC fundamentals High performance products and High performance products and

systemssystems 1980’s training produces 1980 1980’s training produces 1980

resultsresults

The Cost of Owning HVAC

C i l Capital costs Utility costs Repair costs Replacement costs Maintenance costs

Maintenance PlansMaintenance Plans

ASHRAE Guideline 4 – 2008 Preparation of Operating and p p g

Maintenance Documentation for Building Systems

CIBSE G id M 2008 CIBSE Guide M – 2008 Maintenance Engineering and

ManagementManagement Must include energy budgets

and energy reportingand energy reporting

Maintenance StrategiesMaintenance Strategies

Develop proper documentation ASHRAE Guideline 4 ASHRAE Guideline 4

Keep equipment clean Don’t accept dirty equipment Don t accept dirty equipment Maintenance management software Monitor energy use Monitor energy use In house / outsource

Training capabilities

Sustainability Challenge

Six of top ten energy measures Six of top ten energy measures under control of architectsunder control of architectsunder control of architectsunder control of architects

Integrated Building Design Integrated Building Design process essentialprocess essentialprocess essentialprocess essential

Communication Communication -- collaborationcollaboration “First Cost” mentality“First Cost” mentality “First Cost” mentality“First Cost” mentality Engineers: evil enablersEngineers: evil enablers

Owner Organizations

B ildi O d MB ildi O d M Building Owners and Managers Building Owners and Managers AssociationAssociationI t ti l F ilitI t ti l F ilit International Facility International Facility Management AssociationManagement Association

APPAAPPA The Association ofThe Association of APPA APPA –– The Association of The Association of Higher Education Facility Higher Education Facility ExecutivesExecutivesExecutives Executives

Owner Issues

Lif C l C iLif C l C i Life Cycle CostingLife Cycle Costing Equipment room sizingEquipment room sizing Engineers need to deliver energy Engineers need to deliver energy

messagemessage Energy cost implicationsEnergy cost implications Building CommissioningBuilding Commissioning

The Path to a Net Zero BuildingThe Path to a Net Zero Building

Lease Costs (or Finance Costs)cash flow

year

)Lease Costs (or Finance Costs)

utility billsl C

osts

($/y

1

2

Tota

l Ann

ua

00% 100%

Source Energy Savings (%)

T

The Path to a Net Zero BuildingThe Path to a Net Zero Building

Lease Costs (or Finance Costs)

cash flow

($/y

ear)

Lease Costs (or Finance Costs)

utility billsnu

al C

osts

1

23

Tota

l Ann

00% 100%

Source Energy Savings (%)

The Path to a Net Zero BuildingThe Path to a Net Zero Building

Lease Costs (or Finance Costs)cash flow 4

s ($

/yea

r)Lease Costs (or Finance Costs)utility bills

nnua

l Cos

ts

1

23

Tota

l An

00% 100%

Source Energy Savings (%)

Energy TermsEnergy Terms

Energy Use Intensity: BTU/Sq. Ft./YearSit S Site versus Source

Plug and process loads CBECS: Commercial Building Energy CBECS: Commercial Building Energy

Consumption Survey Net zero energy building: a building Net zero energy building: a building

which on an annual basis, produces as much energy from renewable sources as gyit consumes

CBECSCBECSC i l B ildi E C i

S h t f ti i l t

Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey

Snapshot of entire commercial sector as of a certain date (done every 4 years—1999, 2003, 2007)1999, 2003, 2007)

Data masked to protect privacy—no real locations, no real areas, skewed number of floors

BTU / Square Foot / Year

Reference SourcesReference Sources

US Department of Energy www energy gov www.energy.gov

National Renewable Energy Laboratory Great case studies www.nrel.gov

EPA www epa gov www.epa.gov

ASHRAE www.engineeringforsustainability.org

High PerformanceHigh PerformanceHigh Performance Building Design

High Performance Building Design

Energy ModelingBuilding Narrative

High PerformanceHigh Performance Building Design

A larger budget for planning andA larger budget for planning and design produces lower

construction costs and lowerconstruction costs and lower operating costs

The Buildings BusinessThe Buildings Business

Largest user primary energyI d b ildi i Improved building operations 10% to 40% energy savings

L l d ti l b Local educational programs by ASHRAE chapters

Keep our green buildings green Keep our green buildings green

ASHRAE’s RoleASHRAE’s Role

Net zero design guidance by 20152015

Building Energy Labeling AEDGs to reduce energy in AEDGs to reduce energy in

existing buildings Affordable and maintainable

refrigeration systems Efficient refrigeration systems

ASHRAE Chapter ActionsASHRAE Chapter Actions

Schedule a meeting with local owner organizationsg Integrated Building Design High performance design costs more

K G B ildi G Keep your Green Buildings Green Get comfortable with building energy

benchmarks:“What’s your EUI?”

Walk the talk – how is your building being operated?operated?

The Cost of Being GreenThe Cost of Being Green

Energy Efficiency - $170 Billion Smart Grid $8 6 Trillion Smart Grid - $8.6 Trillion Energy Storage - $180 per Megawatt hour Carbon Capture and Sequestration $ ??? Carbon Capture and Sequestration - $ ??? $450 - $600 Billion per year until 2030 Priced carbon emissions - $??? Priced carbon emissions - $???

Estimates for global mitigation from “Green Investing” - 2009 WEF

Global CO2 Emissions

2008 30 Billi M i T 2008: 30 Billion Metric Tons 2030: 42 Billion Metric Tons