BILINGUAL

LANGUAGE

LEARNING

What is Bilingualism?

Who is Bilingual?

Are there any kinds of Bilingualism?

What are the factors to be a Bilingual?

Are there any scientific symptoms?

What are the benefits of Bilingualism?

What is the learner’s role to be a Bilingual?

What is the teacher’s role?

What is the parent’s role?

Is there a critical age?

What kind of materials should we use for Bilingual education?

What are the cons and pros to be a Bilingual?

Can we make an evaluation of Bilingualism?

TWO LANGUAGES

ONE BRAIN

USING OR

KNOWING

TWO

LANGUAGES

SOCIETAL LEVEL

ELITIST (ELIT) BILINGUALISM

The privilege of middle class, well educated members

of most societies.

FOLK BILINGUALISM

The conditions of ethnic group within a single state

who have to become bilingual involuntarily.

TWO TYPES OF CHILDHOOD BILINGUALISM

SIMULTANEOUS LEARNERS

SEQUENTIAL LEARNERS

SOME OF THE

FACTORS

STABILITY AND MOBILITY

RELATIONSHIP WITHIN THE

FAMILY

THE PARENTS OR OTHER

FAMILY MEMBERS

SCIENCE AND

RESEARCH

Students that know more than one

language pick up others more easily and

learn faster.

Bilingual students are usually more

successful academically.

Being bilingual gives you advantages in

many different variations.

BENEFITS TO BEING BILINGUAL

COGNITIVE

CHARACTER ADVANTAGES

CURRICULUM BENEFITS

COMMUNICATION ADVANTAGES

CULTURAL ADVANTAGES

EMPLOYMENT BENEFITS

Learner’s role

and critical age

oung children learn languages as naturally as they learn to run and jump, paint and play. They are not worried about their language mistakes, or about not finding the exact words. Young children pick up language easily. Language is acquired unwittingly. Language among young children is caught rather than taught. The process is not learning but acquisition. When children are young they pick up accurate pronunciation quickly.

lder children and adults have better

developed thinking information

handling, analytical and memorization

capacities; they can learn languages

faster than very young children.

If efficiency is defined by the amount of time

it takes to learn a second language; teenagers and adults

tend to be superior to young children.

Success is possible among both young and old to

be bilingual

Teacher’s role and some of the

suggestions;

Be prepared

Be generic

Be positive

Be equal

Be supportive

Be Prepared

If possible, find out which languages and cultures

are represented by the students in your classroom

before school starts.

Be Generic

Definitely find ways to talk about the languages

and cultures of the students in your classroom but

do so generically so that students don’t feel singled

out.

Be Positive

When talking about interesting, exciting or positive

elements about other languages, cultures and

countries, try to pick out ones that are represented

in your students.

Be Equal

Not all bilingual children feel that they are different

from their peers due to their additional languages

and cultures. For these students, don’t emphasize

their differences by pointing out how lucky or

special they are since they are growing up with

more than one language.

Be Supportive

For those bilingual students, who feel embarrassed

or uncomfortable, try to find ways to help them.

Find out what might help them feel more accepted

and appreciated.

Parents’ role and some of the

suggestions;

Becoming bilingual is a special

gift parents can offer their

children, but the gift must be

planned and presented with care

for it to be well-used and

appreciated.

Other kids: Join (or start) a playgroup for the second language. Children of all ages will learn from each other; there simply are no better language teachers than other kids. An added bonus will be that you will connect with other parents of bilingual children.

Books: Books are the most effective tools for teaching language, and so I advise all parents: "Start reading at birth and never stop!" A good way to add to reading time (and make it really personal) is to create a dialogue, encouraging your child's comments, responses, and elaborations. Talk about what the characters are like and what they might be doing next.

The right stuff: From books, add video, television and games. There are a multitude of aides towards fluency. In particular, games that use rhyming will make the most of language memory, but "I Spy", "Bingo" and "Memory" with picture cards will also playfully build vocabulary.

Sing and dance: Children absolutely love music, but don't rely solely on recorded music; your own singing, even if it is off-key, will still serve to unite melody and words for your child more surely than any professional recording ever could. Melody is also a fantastic memory aid. The combination of music with movement and gestures will enliven it all.

Tap into their interests: Whatever your child's enthusiasms may be -- whether a love of soccer, dance, or horses -- make an effort to 'involve' these passions in the minority language.

Be creative: The trick is to give the child lots to talk about, so draw out that conversation! Encourage them to make up their own stories, play dress-up and pretend in the second language. Even painting, working with sidewalk chalk, or molding clay usually creates more vocabulary than art! Older children may enjoy calling or using a webcam for calls overseas (one such free service is Skype).

Baby sitter: Find a college student who speaks the language, or for something more consistent, try a nanny or an au-pair.

Visits: The ultimate language boost is to visit the country where it is spoken. Total immersion for a couple of weeks has an amazing effect. And visits from friends or family also provide a valuable boost.

Enthusiasm: While the quantity of spoken language is the most important factor in learning a language, the second most vital ingredient is the amount of positive feedback the child hears. Early on, when a child is struggling to get those first syllables out, resist the urge to correct…it can actually inhibit language skills.

If you can’t go to foreign countries because of some reasons, invite them inside your home or environment. How? With chosen DVD’s, posters that kids love... Attend bilingual family meetings with your kids…

There is a myriad of ways to ensure that foreign language time is "quality time," but like any other aspect of parenting: trust your judgment, employ your imagination, and listen very, very well.

So, these are great tricks to use for children growing up with multiple languages, but what about if you didn't start at birth? Is it worth starting it now? Absolutely.

MATERIALS Books

DVD’s

Songs, nursery rhymes

Games

Tongue twisters

Don’t forget! Good teacher can create effective material.

Everything can be a material around us for teaching

English. Just use them in English simultaneously!

CONS & PROS

OF BILINGUALISM

CONS Bilingual Education Is Costly

Lack of Classrooms

Unavailability of Teachers

Isolation by their peers

PROS To be a master of both languages

Understand that language is a tool of communication

Acquiring foreign language fluency at a later time

Knowledge transfer

Have a better feel for the cultural differences and peculiarities of the world

Minority language speakers can maintain their native language

Have added advantages in certain careers having an international focus.

A PROTEST FOR SAVING NATIVE

LANGUAGE

REFERENCES http://www.ericdigests.org/1997-3/bilingual.html

http://www.buzzle.com/articles/disadvantages-of-bilingual-education.html

http://iteslj.org/Articles/Rosenberg-Bilingual.html

The Internet TESL Journal, Vol. II, No. 6, June 1996

Reprinted from: The Ambassador, Marsha Rosenberg The American School in Japan Alumni & Community Magazine, Spring 1996

© 2005 Firdevs Karahan. ISB4: Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Bilingualism, ed. James Cohen, Kara T. McAlister, Kellie Rolstad, and Jeff MacSwan, 1152-1166. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.

Burnham-Massey, L., & Pina, M. (1990). Effects of bilingual instruction on English academic achievement of LEP students. Reading Improvement, 27(2), 129-132.

What Are The Duties of a Bilingual Teacher? | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/facts_5075126_duties-bilingual-teacher.html#ixzz2O7Gbe0eV

THANK

YOU BY NİHAN ALPEREN, M.A