Bikash Sharma, Wireless Networks, TCM - 518 Wireless Networks (a manager’s guide to wireless networking) by Bikash Sharma Stuart School of Business TCM-518-076

Bikash Sharma, Wireless Networks,

TCM - 518

Wireless Networks(a manager’s guide to wireless networking)

by

Bikash SharmaStuart School of Business

TCM-518-076

Summer 98’


TCM - 518

Topics• Introduction to Wireless Networking.

– History of Wireless Networking.

– Benefits/Concerns.

• Wireless LANs– Different types of Wireless LANs.

– Wireless LAN case study.

• Wireless WANs– Different types of Wireless WANs

– Wireless LAN case study.

• Feasibility Study and Design of Wireless Networks– Requirement Analysis

– Design & Installation

• Smart Phones (Nokia 9000 communicator)

• LAN Products & References


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Introduction to Wireless Networking• History of Wireless Networks.

– First implementation in 1971, University of Hawaii (ALOHANET)

– Dominance of Ethernet based LAN technologies.

– Popularized in 1985 after FCC authorized public use of ISM band.

• Benefits/Concerns of Wireless Network.

• Future of Wireless Networks.

– Outlook very good.

– Standards are maturing, prices are decreasing


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Wireless Network

• Radio Signal Interference (noise from other devices)

• Power Management (dependent on batteries)

• System Interoperability (standards not yet matured)

• Network Security (signal travels across physical boundaries)

• Health Risk (common concern, no conclusive proof)

• Mobility (eg. healthcare workers)

• Ease of Installation in difficult to use areas (across rivers)

• Reduced installation time (no need to install cables)

• Increased Reliability (few mechanical parts, less breakdown)

• Long term cost savings (if organizational structure changes, network can change rapidly)

Concerns Benefits


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Future of Wireless NetworkingCost vs. Standardization.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Prices

Standards


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Wireless LANs (Radio Based)

• Radio Based Wireless LANs.– ISM Bands (FCC license not necessary)

– Narrow Band wireless LANs

– Spread Spectrum Wireless LANs

• Radio Based Wireless LANs configurations.

– Single Cell

– Multiple Cell


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Multiple Cell LANs

Network Backbone

AccessPoint

Cells

AccessPoint

AccessPoint


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LocalBridge

Link RemoteBridges

Network B

Network C

Network A

Local vs.Remote Bridges


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American Red Cross (LAN Case Study)

Server

Printer

ThinkPads

Bar CodeScanner

Pen CapableDTR-2

WareHouse

2 Handheld Pen Capable DTR-21 Wireless Bar Code Scanner4 IBM ThinkPads (1 acting as server)1 Canon Printer connected to the server


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Wireless LANs (Infrared Light Based)

• Infrared Light-based Wireless LANs.

– Diffused Infrared based LAN

– Point-to-Point Infrared LAN


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Ceiling InfraredLight

Point-to-PointInfrared LAN

DiffusedInfrared LAN


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Wireless WANs

• Analog cellular WAN – utilizes existing cellular network– too many errors in data transmission

• Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD) WANs – overlay existing cellular phone structurally hopping digital

signals whenever time available.– To be replaced by complete digital network


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Wireless WANs (continued)

• Satellite Communications – Wide Coverage– Expensive Setup

• Meteor Burst Communications– Wide Coverage– Cheap form of communication (no satellites)– suitable for telemetry, water management etc.


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WAN Case Study (Jacksonville Electric)

• Florida’s Jacksonville area is prone to severe weather conditions (hurricane Andrew hit this most severely).

• 38 field engineers equipped with cell phones, but networks were congested and overloaded in emergency times.

• 38 field engineers equipped with notebook computers, Ericsson C719 wireless radio modems with RAM Mobile Data’s service and Mobi3270 wireless software.

• In case of emergency, dispatcher logs the call on database. Field engineers can see the same information, do not have to wait for dispatcher to call.

• Field engineers can update the resolution to the problem they are working on, dispatcher can perform better customer service.

Before

After


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Wireless Bandwidth-on-Demand

• Spectrum shortage largely self inflicted– Too much bandwidth given to television.

– Bandwidth reserved for government and military.

– Ignorance of higher spectrum.

• Today, we are on verge of frequency glut– Deregulation of frequency spectrum.

– Advancement in technology.

• Frequency glut believed to be short lived– Increase in fiber deployment demands more bandwidth

from wireless.


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Dial-up modem uplink

LAN extender

TV/T1Downlink

WavePhore Inc.(Tempe, AZ)

* TVT1 broadcasts over ordinary TV channels * Lines 10-21 of VBI used to transmit data (throughput upto 450 Kbps)* WaveEncoder & WaveDecoder used to multiplex/demultiplex data.* Potential Application - LAN extender. Uplink via via dial up modems, downlink via TV broadcast stations.* LAN applications are asymmetrical (more data received then sent)


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Local Multipoint Distribution Service

• Established by FCC. Gives individual license holders 1.3 GHz of spectrum per market.

• Three major areas of opportunities.

– Interactive TV. Implemented by Cellular Vision in N.Y.

– High Speed data transfer. Pioneered by Texas Instruments.

– Plain Old Telephone System. Since it handles thousands of voice channels, could proved POTS.


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Designing Wireless Networks• Defining Network Elements (some of the elements listed).

– Application , Communication Software

– Network & Desktop Operating System.

– LAN Access Medium, LAN Backbone

– Addressing, Network Management.

• Identifying Products.– Ability to provide desired degree of functionality.

– Product Availability.

– Level of Vendor support.

– Compliance with IEEE 802.11 Standards.

• Identifying the Location of Access Points.– Blueprints of the facility.

– Mark permanent & temporary user locations

– Identify obstacles


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Design Considerations(effect of objects on wireless signals)

RF Barriers Relative degree of attenuation Examples

Air Minimal

Wood Low Office partitions

Plasters Low Inner Walls

Glasses Low Windows

Water Medium Damp Wood, Aquariums

Bricks Medium Inner and outer walls

Paper High Paper rolls

Concrete High Floors and outer walls

Metal Very High Desks, office partitions, furnitures


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Requirements & Feasibility Study

• Types of Requirements.

– Budget Requirements.

– Mobility Requirements.

– Performance Requirements.

– Security Requirements.

– Regulation Requirements.

– Operational Support Requirements.


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Installing a Wireless Network

• Planning the Installation.a) Points of Contact b) Safety tips.

c) Schedule d) Tools/ Installation procedures

• Installing the Components.– Install components from bottoms up (desktop to server)

a) NICs b) Cabling (if necessary)

c) Access Points d) Connections

• Testing the Installation.– Prepare test cases

– Perform Unit, Integration & System Testing

– Perform Acceptance Testing

• Finalizing the Installation.– Prepare documents.


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Smart Phones

• The Nokia 9000 Communicator combines digital voice, data and personal organizer in a single unit. It works over GSM cellular networks.

• Protocols supported include TCP/IP and SLIP/PPP.

• Supports import & export of data with local device using infrared.

• Uses GSM, N-PCS & B-PCS for global communication.

• The unit offers three types of Internet support:

– SMTP

– IMAP4

– MIME1

• Nokia 9000 uses Intel 386 mp, 8 MB RAM, 14.4 Kbps data transfer rate.


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Wireless Network Products

ProductName

Company InterfaceProtocol

WirelessTechnology

DataRate

Range

Altair(Wireless LAN)

Motorola IEEE802.3

18 GHz,narrow bandradio

5.7Mbps

100 ft

RangeLINKWireless(MAN)

Proxim IEEE802.3

SpreadSpectrumRadio

1.6Mbps

3 miles

MobileSAT LYNXX

CaliforniaMicrowave

RS-232,RS-422,V.35

Satellite 64Kbps

Worldwide


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Frequency Range Usage

Very low Frequency

(VLF)

1 KHz - 10 KHz Submarines, telegraphy

Low Frequency (LF) 10 KHz - 500

KHz

Land Mobile Applications

(GPS)

Medium Frequency

(MF)

500 KHz - 2

MHz

AM commercial radio

High Frequency (HF) 2 MHz - 30 MHz Ham radio, BBC etc

Very High Frequency

(VHF)

30 MHz - 300

MHz

Television Broadcasting

Ultra High Frequency

(UHF)

300 MHz - 1000

MHz

TV Broadcasting, Cellular

Phones

Microwave 1 GHz - 300 GHz Terrestrial Communication,

Point-to-Point Communication

Infrared no end limit,

like light rays

fixed applications, TV remote,

Palmtop computing, notebook

computers

A Frequency Tour


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References

• Wireless Networking Handbook, Jim Geier, New Rider Press.

• Wireless Computing, Ira Brodsky, Van Nostrand Press.

• www.techweb.com (Technology research Web).• www.watmag.com (Wireless Access Magazine).• www.nokia9000.com (Nokia 9000 communicator)

Documents

Bikash Sharma, Wireless Networks, TCM - 518 Wireless Networks (a manager’s guide to wireless networking) by Bikash Sharma Stuart School of Business TCM-518-076