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8/8/2019 Big Era 1 Ppt1
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Humans in the Universe13 Billion – 200,000 Years Ago
Big Era One
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Welcome, fellow time travelers!
Me llamo “Mundo!” Nice tomake your acquaintance. I don’t
know how you found me, but Ithink you’ll be glad you did.
Since you’re here and so am I,let’s take a little trip, huh?
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I’m glad you’re here!People have been kind of
ignoring me lately, so I’vebeen thinking a lot and
wanted to share this storyI’ve been writing. It’s aboutme, of course (it’s my story,
right?), but it’s about you,too...
Let me start with a coupleof questions I’ve beenthinking about...
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Where did
our Earthcome from?
How did
the universecome to be?
How & when
did we humansappear on Earth?
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Deep questions, huh?
Yeah, but I’m not the onlyone asking them...
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All peoples have explanations of our origins.
The Maidu people, native to California, saythat Earth Starter made the world fromsome green slime Turtle brought up fromdeep underwater. He made humans fromred earth mixed with water.
… And the Chinese used tosay that Phan Ku – no
thing, not yet born – burstfrom a hen’s egg andbecame the Great Creator .
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Scientists offer a different explanation, based onevidence gathered from sources on earth and in space.
Here’s what they might say:Long ago, there was no time...
There was no space...
But 13 billion years ago...
things changed.
8/8/2019 Big Era 1 Ppt1
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Where there had beennothing, now there waseverything. The wholeuniverse – tiny, andfantastically hot.
For an instant, itexpanded faster than thespeed of light. Then itslowed down but keptexpanding, as it still is.
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As the universe cooled down,clouds of hydrogen andhelium gas began to gathertogether, their centersgetting hotter and hotter.
Big Bang
13b
ilyrsago
Big Era 1
Big Eras
2-9
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And when theywere hot enough, thehydrogen atoms beganto fuse together withthe power of millions of hydrogen bombs.
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STARSWERE BORN!
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They clustered togetherin vast galaxies, eachcontaining billions of these new stars.
I can’tsee usyet...
Stars & Galaxies
12 bil yrs ago
Big Bang
13b
ilyrsago
Big Era 1
Big
Eras
2-9
Big Era 1Big Era 1
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Four and a half billion yearsago – when the universewas already two-thirds asold as it is today – a starwas born near the edge of agalaxy we call the MilkyWay:
OUR SUN!
Our Sun & Planets
4.6 bil yrs ago
Big Bang
13bilyrs
ago
Big Era 1
Big
Eras
2-9
Stars&
Galaxies
12bilyrs
ago
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Around the sun, wisps of matter were drawn together by theforces of gravity to create the planets of our solar system…
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…Including the thirdrock from the sun:
OUR EARTH!
What aWhat acute baby,cute baby,
huh?huh?
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The early earth wasincredibly HOT .
Heavier metals meltedand sank to the center,lighter metals rose to
the surface, and gasesbubbled up to make theearth’s firstatmosphere.
Anybody gotsomething for
a stomachache?
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By four billion yearsago, the earth hadcooled enough forwater to condense intooceans. And so theearth turned blue.
The surface hardenedinto thin “plates”floating on the moltenmaterials underneath.Those “plates” float on
the surface to this day,constantly changing thelandscapes and weatherpatterns on the earth’ssurface.
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Where the plates collided, greatmountains were formed...
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...and where they toreapart, melted rockpoured out from underthe surface.
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Deep within the newlyformed oceans,complex chemicals
were created usingvolcanic heat forenergy.
Some of thesechemicals became sohighly organized thatthey formed cells – thefirst LIFE ON EARTH !
FirstLife
3.8 bilyrs ago
Big Bang
13bilyrsago
Big Era 1
Big
Eras
2-9
OurSun
&Planets
4.6bilyrs ago
Stars&
Galaxies
12bilyrsago
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Living organisms changedthe atmosphere, addingoxygen. Cells developedthat could “breathe”oxygen...
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...and, about 600 millionyears ago, the first multi-cellular organisms arosein the earth’s oceans.
Big Era 1
3.8bilyrs
ago
FirstLife
Big Bang
13b
ilyrsago
Ou
rSun
&Planets
4.6bilyrs
ago
Stars&
Galaxies
12b
ilyrsago
Multi-CelledOrganisms
600myrs ago
BigEras2-9
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The first animals appearednot too long after!
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After a while, some
animals moved out of theoceans and onto the land.
First Lifeon Land
400myrs ago
FirstLife
3.8bilyrs ago
250kyrsago
Today
Scale of Life on Earth
Big
Eras
2-9
Multi-Celled
Organisms
600m yrs ago
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Dinosaurs were the mostsuccessful of the earlyland animals...
FirstDinosaurs
220m yrs ago
FirstLife
on
Land
400m yrs ago
250kyrsago
Today
Scale of Life on Land
Big
Eras
2-9
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...but about 65 millionyears ago, a giantmeteor came crashingdown to earth...
...and the dinosaurswere no more!
Dinosaurs Disappear
67m yrs ago
First
Dinosaurs
220m yrs ago
FirstLife
on
Land
400m yrs ago
250kyrsago
Today
Scale of Life on Land
Big
Eras
2-9
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MAMMALS!
This left a new class of animals dominant on the land.
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Over time, a particulargroup of mammals
emerged that lived intrees.
To survive in thatenvironment, thesemammals needed 3Dvision and large brains toprocess visualinformation. They alsoneeded hands that couldgrip with precision.(Imagine living in a treewithout any of these.You’d fall out!)
These mammals were thefirst PRIMATES .
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Then, about 7 million years ago in Africa, abranch of those primates became the first tostand upright.
These were the first HOMINIDS . Different
hominids lived on earth over the next 7 millionyears, some at the same time as others, but onlyone survives to this day...
US!!!30
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FirstHominids
7m yrsago
The earliest hominidslived in small, family-sized groups. Theygathered plants, insects,and small animals, andthey occasionallyscavenged the meat of
larger animals killed bypredators.
Dinosaurs
Disappear
67m yrsago
250kyrsago
Today
Scale of Life after the Dinosaurs
Big
Eras
2-9
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4 – 1.5m yrs ago
Australopithecines
7m yrsago
First
Hominids
250kyrsago
Today
The first hominids hadbrains about the size of a modern chimp’s. Over
time, new speciesdeveloped ever-largerbrains, and they beganto make more and morecomplex tools. The
Australopithecines likely used sharp sticksto dig for food...
Big
Eras
2-9
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Homo habilis
2.4 – 1.6m yrs ago
250kyrsago
Today
4m yrsago
Australopithecines
1.5m yrsago
Big
Eras
2-9
...while Homo habilishominids , a laterspecies, were able to
make stone tools. Theychipped ‘flakes’ of stone from large rocksand used those flakesas knives. They also
used the leftover ‘core’to scrape out hides anddo other jobs.
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34250kyrsago
Today
4m yrsago
Australopithecines
1.5m yrsago
Homo habilis
2.4m yrsago
1.6m yrsago
Big
Eras
2-9
Homo erectus hominids , which lived on Earth foralmost two millionyears, were probablythe first ones who couldcontrol and use fire.They were alsothe first to leave Africa.
Their fossils have beenfound as far away asChina and Java (inmodern Indonesia).
Homo erectus
1.8m – 27k yrs ago
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Social relationshipsamong our ancestorswere complex. Like
modern chimpanzees,early hominids musthave been quite clever,with a great deal of social cooperation andgroup politics. Theycared for each other,especially their children.
WOW! Theseearly ancestors
of ours sound a
lot like us!
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Well, in some waysthat’s true – but thisspecies was different inmany other respectsfrom our species. Wehave no evidence, forexample, that they had
art, religion, orlanguage.
ART RELIGION LANGUAGE
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So, what’s sospecial about
us? What
makes usHUMAN, andhow did we
BECOMEhuman?
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End of Big Era One
Well, you’ll just
have to wait for BIG ERA TWO toget the answer tothose questions!