ABSTRACT:The world is a storehouse of energy. Energy can neither be created nor be destroyed but can be transformed from one form to another. We are wasting resources that can produce energy as though they are limitless. If we can use the energy we waste, it would help in some way to solve the problem of scarcity of energy, which is the major threat of the present world. Humans are able to generate power while riding bicycles. However, this power goes to waste without any use. If we can make use of this energy, we would be able to power many electronic devices.

Bicycles are also the main mode of transportation for many Indian villagers. Most of these villages are without power. Power generated by pedalling can be converted from mechanical to electrical energy by using either a dynamo or an alternator. This is where pedal powered phone chargers come in. It allows the user to charge his phone while on the move.

The charger charges the phone based on rotation of the cycles wheels. If the user is at standstill then the device switches over to a solar charging mechanism in which, solar cells help charge the cell phones battery.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:On the very outset of this project, I would like to extend my sincere and heartfelt gratitude towards my guide Mrs. B Gayathri Devi for her constant support throughout the course of this venture.I am ineffably indebted to Mrs Pushpa for her conscientious guidance and encouragement to accomplish this assignment. I would also like to sincerely express my gratitude to my friend, Bhargava Venkatesh, for his timely assistance and help through the course of the projectI am extremely thankful and express my earnest gratitude to the faculty members of electrical and electronics department of PESIT for providing me with valuable information in our endeavour.I would also like to show my appreciation for my HOD Dr.B Keshavan and my principal Dr K.N.B Murthy, for providing me with the opportunity to take this task upon myself.

TABLE OF CONTENTSChapter 1: Introduction 4 Chapter 2: Design2.0: Block Diagram Representation52.1: Choice of Components2.1.1: Regulator62.1.2: Microcontroller 62.1.3: Solar Photovoltaic Cells72.1.4:IR Sensors72.1.5:DC Motors7

Chapter 3: Implementation3.0: Bread Board View8

Chapter 4: Result and Conclusion9

Chapter 5: Future Enhancements10

Bibliography 11

Appendix13

CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTIONCycles are widely used modes of transportation. Researchers from Imperial College Londonand the Public Health Foundation of India and discovered that 68.3 per cent of people in rural areas cycled and 11.9 percent walked to their workplace, compared with 15.9 percent who cycled, and 12.5 percent who walked in urban areas. Information was collected from almost 4000 participants across a certain area.

A lot of energy is used up in travelling. If this mechanical energy is converted to electrical energy and appropriately utilized, it can be used to charge cell phones. The device takes higher-voltage alternating current (AC) from an alternator, converts it to direct current (DC), and steps it down to a safe voltage for charging your cell phone or other mobile device. The charger circuit consists of a rectifier, a capacitor, and a voltage regulator. The rectifier contains four one-way electrical gates called diodes which, working together, convert the charges in AC to a series of DC charge pulses. The large capacitor connected between the DC terminals of the rectifier smooths out these pulses, charging up when theres more energy in the system and discharging when theres less. Finally, the voltage regulator holds the incoming DC power down at a steady 5V, which is what most cell phones and other mobile devices are designed to accept. Without the regulator in place, the charger might deliver more than 5V to your device, which could damage it.

This model can be replicated by utilizing two dc motors and connecting them to a regulator. The two dc motors are used to represent the rotating wheel of the cycle and the rotating shaft of the dynamo, along with the conversion of mechanical energy to electrical energy. The dc voltage produced is passed into a regulator, which brings the voltage to 5V and is used to power the phone. This would represent the prototype for the pedal power phone charger.

At standstill, the cyclist would need to revert to the solar charging unit, to power his phone.

CHAPTER 2DESIGN2.0 BLOCK DIAGRAM REPRESENTATION:We consider two cases of operation. Charging the phone when the cyclist is pedalling being the first and the charging the phone when the cyclist is at standstill.CASE 1: PEDALLING

a) DC Motor and DC motor with IR sensorsThe first DC motor is used to model the cycles wheels and its rotation. The second DC motor represents the dynamo which will be placed on the wheels of the cycle and will be used to represent conversion of mechanical energy produced by pedaling to electrical energy. The IR sensors are placed on top of the dynamo and with the help of the arduino can be used to measure the rate of rotation of the motor. b) Voltage RegulatorThe generated voltage from pedaling needs to be regulated to 5V DC, which is the standard voltage required to charge the cell phone. Without a regulator in place, the charger may deliver more than 5V which could damage the device.c) PhoneThis voltage is then sent to the phone, which charges continuously with the cycles motion.

CASE 2: STANDSTILL

a) Solar Photo Voltaic ModuleThe solar panels are used to convert solar energy to electrical energy. b) Voltage RegulatorThe generated voltage from the solar panel is regulated to 5V, which is the standard voltage required to charge the phone.c) PhoneThis cell phone receives the voltage, which charges continuously in bright sunny conditions.

2.1 CHOICE OF COMPONENTS:2.1.1 REGULATOR:We chose to use the L7805 for the voltage regulation stage. It is a linear positive voltage regulator IC used to produce fixed linear stable output voltage of 5V. It is a three terminal device from the 78XX chip family.

2.1.2 MICROCONTROLLER:The microcontroller is used to calculate the rate at which the motor is spinning. This is done with the assistance of the IR sensor. ParametersArduino

MicrocontrollerATMega328

Data Bus8 bit

Speed16Mhz

Storage32KB

RAM2KB

Digital I/O14 Channels

Analog I/O6 Channels

IDEArduino v1.0.1 IDE

LanguageArduino C

Kit CostRs.1200

Arduino is open source and its community support is unmatched. The arduino was chosen as it is easier to prototype with.

2.1.3 SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE:

Photovoltaics is a method ofgenerating electrical powerby convertingsolar radiationintodirect currentelectricityusingsemiconductorsthat exhibit thephotovoltaic effect. Photovoltaic power generation employssolar panelscomposed of a number ofsolar cellscontaining a photovoltaic material. In order to generate the required voltage we use two panels in series and the voltage produced is regulated to 5V.

2.1.4 IR SENSORS:

An IR LED, also known as IR transmitter, is a special purposeLEDthat transmits infrared rays in the range of 760 nm wavelength. They, along with IR receivers, are used as sensors in order to determine the rotations per minute, which is proportional to the amount of voltage being generated.

2.1.5 DC MOTORS:

Two dc motors are used. A battery is used to supply the first dc motor, which models the cycle, and it converts the electrical energy to mechanical energy. This rotates the shaft of the second dc motor, which is to model a dynamo, and it converts mechanical energy to electrical energy.

CHAPTER 3IMPLEMENTATION

3.0 BREADBOARD VIEWFollowing is a diagram of the breadboard view of our final circuit.Software Used: Fritzing

CHAPTER 4RESULT AND CONCLUSIONThe needs of these villagers can be addressed with the charger. It is recognized that cell phones are a vital part of village life, and that their use is often hampered by power cuts or lack of sunny weather, or both.

The pedal charger empowers the humanitarian side of engineering, and provides accessible technological aid for the other, often-neglected 90% of the worlds citizens.

CHAPTER 5FUTURE ENHANCEMENTSThis project can be extended to include functioning of the phone as a speedometer. This will be in operation during the pedalling mode. This can be implemented by using a Bluetooth module and an arduino in collaboration. The arduino would calculate the rate at which the dynamo is rotating and this will help determine the speed at which the user is travelling.

BIBILIOGRAPHY

[1] Pedal Powered Chargerbymakezine [2] L7805 Datasheet

APPENDIXSOURCE CODE FOR RPM CALCULATION/********************************************************************************PESIT EEE 6th Sem Mini ProjectMay 2013PEDAL POWERED PHONE CHARGERTested on: Arduino UnoSoftware version: 1.0.1Test Parameters: INPUT: Emulated Dynamo from DC motorFLOW: DC motor rotation->read by IR sensor->Arduino Uno->Serial MonitorUSN:1PI10EE019********************************************************************************/

/*****************************************************************************DECLARATIONS******************************************************************************/

volatile double rpmcount;unsigned int rpm;unsigned long timeold;unsigned long interruptTime;unsigned long lastInterruptTime = 0;unsigned long timeBetween;int flag = 0;

/*****************************************************************************FUNCTION TO COMPUTE ROTATIONS PER MINUTE******************************************************************************/

void setup() { Serial.begin(9600); attachInterrupt(0, rpm_fun, RISING); //rpmcount = 0; rpm = 0; //timeold = 0; } void loop() { unsigned long time = millis(); if(flag == 0){ detachInterrupt(0); rpm = 60*(1000/timeBetween); attachInterrupt(0, rpm_fun, RISING); flag = 1; } if((time - lastInterruptTime) > 2000){ rpm = 0; } Serial.println(rpm); }

void rpm_fun() { interruptTime = millis(); if((interruptTime - lastInterruptTime) > 20){ timeBetween = interruptTime-lastInterruptTime; lastInterruptTime = interruptTime; flag = 0; } }/***************END OF RPM CALCULATION FUNCTION****************/ 13 | Page