Upload
phamnga
View
213
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
BIBU06RAPHY'
The books which help you most are those which
you make think the most Theodore Parker
Bibliography
Abu EI-Saad AS and Mahmoud HM (2009). Phytic Acid exposure alters
Aflatoxin 81-induced reproductive and oxidative toxicity in albino rats (Rattus
norvegicus). eCAM 6: 331-341
Acharya UR, Acharya Sand Mishra M (2003). Lead acetate induced cytotoxicity
in male germinal cells of Swiss mice. lnd Health 41: 291-294
Adhvaryu SG, Dave 8J and Trivedi AH (1989). An in vitro assessment of the
genotoxic potential of pan masalas. Indian J Med Res 90: 131-134
Agarwal A and Said TM (2004). Sperm chromatin assessment. In Textbook of
ART. Programmable Logic Controllers, London, 93-1 06
Agarwal RC, Sarode AV and 8hide SV (1986). Histopathology of hamster cheek
and liver following topical application of lime. Indian J Med Res 84: 542- 547
Aggarwal 88 and Shishodia S (2004). Suppression of the nuclear factor-kappaS
activation pathway by spice-derived phytochemicals: reasoning for seasoning.
Ann N Y Acad Sci 1 030: 434-441
Aggarwal 88, Kumar A and Bharti AC (2003). Anticancer potential of curcumin:
preclinical and clinical studies. Anticancer Res 23: 363-398
AI-Wadei HA and Schuller HM (2009). f3 -carotene promotes the development of
NNK-induced small airway-derived lung adenocarcinoma. Eur J Cancer 45:1257-
1264
Amman RP (1982). Use of animal model for detecting specific alterations in
reproduction. Fundam Appl Toxicol 2: 13-26
Andersen AN, Semczuk M and Tabor A (1984). Prolactin and pituitary-gonadal
function in cigarette smoking infertile patients. Andrologia 16: 391-396
Andersen MR, Simonsen U, Uldbjerg N, Aalkjaer C and Stender S (2009).
Smoking cessation early in pregnancy and birth weight, length, head
circumference, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity in umbilical and
chorionic vessels: an observational study of healthy singleton pregnancies.
Circulation 119: 857-864
illi6fiograpfry 203
Anuradha CD and Devi CS (1993). Serum protein, ascorbic acid and iron and
tissue collagen in oral submucous fibrosis-a preliminary study. Indian J Med
Res 98: 147-151
Asai A and Miyazawa T (2001 ). Dietary curcuminoids prevent high-fat diet
induced lipid accumulation in rat liver and epididymal adipose tissue. J Nutr 131 :
2932-2935
Audi SS, Abraham ME and Borker AS (2006). Effect of cigarette smoke on body
weight, food intake and reproductive organs in adult albino rats. Indian J Exp
Bioi 44: 562-565
Auger J, Kutmann JM, Czyglik F and Jouannet P (1995). Decline in semen
quality of fertile men during the last 20 years. New Engl J Med 332: 281-285
Augood C, Duckitt K and Templeton AA (1998). Smoking and female infertility: a
systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod 13: 1532-1539
Avti PK, Kumar S, Pathak CM, Vaiphei K and Khanduja KL (2006). Smokeless
tobacco impairs the antioxidant defense in liver, lung, and kidney of rats. Toxicol
Sci89:547-553
Awang MN (1987). Quantitative analysis of Areca catechu (betel) nut flavanols
(tannins) in relation to oral submucous fibrosis. Dent J Malaysia 9: 29-32
Azad Chowdhury AK, Khaleque RA and Chakder SK (1984). Antifertility activity of
a traditional contraceptive pill comprising Acacia catechu, A. arabica and Tragia
involucerta. Indian J Med Res 80: 372-374
Azuine MA, Amonkar AJ and Bhide SV (1991 ). Chemopreventive efficacy of betel
leaf extract and its constituents on 7,12 dimethyl benze(a) anthracene induced
carcinogenesis and their effect on drug detoxification system in mouse skin. lnd J
Exptl Bio129: 346-351
Babu S, Bhat RV, Kumar PU, Sesikaran B, Rao KV, Aruna P and Reddy PR
(1996). A comparative clinico-pathological study of oral submucous fibrosis in
habitual chewers of pan masala and betelquid. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 34: 317-
322
CJ3i6fiograpfry 204
Bagchi M, Balmoori J, Bagchi D, Ray SD, Kuszynski C and Stohs SJ (1999).
Smokeless tobacco, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and antioxidants in human oral
keratinocytes. Free Radic Bioi Med 26:992-1000
Bagchi M, Balmoori J, Bagchi D, Stohs SJ, Chakrabarti J and Das DK (2002).
Role of reactive oxygen species in the development of cytotoxicity with various
forms of chewing tobacco and pan masala. Toxicology 179: 247-255
Bagwe AN, Ganu UK, Gokhale SV and Bhisey RA (1990). Evaluation of the
mutagenicity of 'pan masala', a chewing substitute widely used in India. Mutat
Res 241 : 349-354
Balasubramanyam M, Koteswari AA, Kumar RS, Monickaraj SF, Maheswari JU
and Mohan V (2003). Curcumin-induced inhibition of cellular reactive oxygen
species generation: novel therapeutic implications. J Biosci 28: 715-721
Banerjee A, Pakrashi A, Chatterjee S, Ghosh S and Dutta SK (1993). Semen
characteristics of tobacco users in India. Arch Androl30: 35-40
Barr M Jr and Brent RL (1970). The relation of the uterine vasculature to fetal
growth and the intrauterine position effect in rats. Teratology 3: 251-260
Barton SC, Surani MAH and Norris ML (1984). Role of paternal and maternal
genomes in mouse development. Nature 311: 374-376
Basu TK, Temple NJ and Ne J (1987). Effect of dietary B- carotene on hepatic
drug-metabolizing enzymes in mice. Clin Biochem Nutr 3: 95-102
Bateman AJ and Epstein SS (1971 ). Dominant lethal mutations in mammals. In:
Chemical mutagens principles and methods for their detection V. Hollaender A.
(Ed.). New York: Plenum Press: 151-176
Beletti ME, da Fontoura Costa L and Guardieiro MM (2005). Morphometric
features and chromatin condensation abnormalities evaluated by toluidine blue
staining in bull spermatozoa. Braz J Morpho! Sci 22: 85-90
Bendich A and Olson JA (1989). Biological actions of carotenoids. FASEB J 3:
1927-1932
13i6fiograpliy 205
Bentley KS and Working PK (1988). Use of seminiferous tubules segment to
study stage specificity of unscheduled DNA synthesis in rat spermatogenic cells.
Environ Mol Mutagen 12: 285-297
Berndt C, Lillig CH and Holmgren A (2007). Thiol-based mechanisms of the
thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems: implications for diseases in the
cardiovascular system. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol292: H1227-H1236
Bhide SV, Shivapurkar NM, Gothoskar SV and Ranadive KJ (1979).
Carcinogenicity of betel quid ingredients: feeding mice with aqueous extract and
the polyphenol fraction of betel nut. Br J Cancer 40: 922-926
Bhisey RA (2000). Genotoxicity and Carcinogenecity of pan masala: a review.
Proc Indian Natn Sci Acad (PINSA) B66: 1-12
Bhisey RA, Ramchandani AG, D'Souza AV, Borges AM and Notani PN (1999).
Long-term carcinogenicity of pan masala in Swiss mice. lnt J Cancer 83: 679-684
Binkert F and Schmid W (1977). Preimplantation embryos of Chinese hamster. I.
Incidence of karyotype abnormalities in 226 control embryos. Mutat Res 46: 63-
75
Black HS (2004). Pro-carcinogenic activity of B-carotene, a putative systemic
photoprotectant. Photochem Photobiol Sci 3: 753-758
Blanco-Rodriguez J (1998). A matter of death and life: the significance of germ
cell death during spermatogenesis. lnt J Andrei 21 : 236-248
Block G, Patterson B and Subar A (1992). Fruit, vegetables, and cancer
prevention: a review of the epidemiological evidence. Nutr Cancer 18: 1-29
Bocskay KA, Tang D, Orjuela MA, Liu X, Warburton DP and Perera FP (2005).
Chromosomal aberrations in cord blood are associated with prenatal exposure to
carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers
Prev 14:506-511
Borini A, Tarozzi N, Bizzaro D, Bonu MA, Fava L, Flamigni C and Coticchio G
(2006). Sperm DNA fragmentation: paternal effect on early post-implantation
embryo development in ART. Hum Reprod 21: 2876-2881
r.Bi66ograpfry 206
Boucher BJ and Mannan N {2002). Metabolic effects of the consumption of
Areca catechu. Addict Bioi 7: 1 03-11 0
Brandwein-Gensler M and Hille JJ (2003). Behind the C~>Ver: The Guthka Story.
Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 129: 699-700
Bruce NW (1976). The distribution of blood flow to the reproductive organs of rats
near term. J Reprod Fert 46: 359-362
Brunnemann KD and Hoffmann D (1992). Chemical composition of smokeless
tobacco products. In: Smokeless Tobacco or Health. An International Perspective
(Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 2; NIH Publ. No. 93-3461 ),
Bethesda, MD, National Cancer Institute
Brusick DJ (1978). Alteractions of germ cells leading to mutagenesis and their
detection. Environ Health Perspect 24: 105-112
Burnett BP, Jia Q, Zhao, Y and Levy RM (2007). A medicinal extract of
Scutellaria baicalensis and Acacia catechu acts as a dual inhibitor of
cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase to reduce inflammation. J Med Food 10:
442-451
Calogero AE, Kamilaris TC, Gomez MT, Johnson EO, Tartaglia ME, Gold PW
and Chrousos GP (1989). The muscarinic cholinergic agonist arecoline
stimulates the rat hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis through a centrally-
mediated corticotropin-releasing hormone-dependent mechanism.
Endocrinology 125: 2445-2453
Card JP and Mitchell JA (1979). The effects of nicotine on implantation in the rat.
Bioi Reprod 20: 532-539
Carlberg I and Mannervik B (1975). Purification and characterization of the
flavoenzyme glutathione reductase from rat liver. J Bioi Chern 250: 5475-5480
Carlsen E, Giwercman A, Keiding N and Skakkebaek NE (1992). Evidence for
decreasing quality of semen during past 50 years. BMJ 305: 609-613
Carlson BM (1996). Embriologia humana e biologia do desenvolvimento. Rio de
Janerio:Guanabara-Koogan 21-46
(]Ji6fiograpfry 207
Caro CM and Trounson A (1984). The effect of protein on preimplantation mouse
embryo development in vitro. J Vitro Fert Embryo Transfer 1: 183-187
Cavieres MF, Jaeger J and Porter W (2002). Developmental toxicity of a
commercial herbicide mixture in mice: I. Effects on embryo implantation and
litter size. Environ Health Perspect 110: 1081-1085
Chadda R and Sengupta S (2002). Tobacco use by Indian adolescents. Tob
Indue Dis 1: 111-119
Chainani-Wu N (2003) Safety and anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin: A
component of turmeric (Curcuma /onga). J Altern Complement Med 9: 161-168
Chandra AK, Chatterjee A, Ghosh R and Sarkar M (2007). Effect of curcumin on
chromium-induced oxidative damage in male reproductive system. Environ
Toxicol Pharmacol24: 160-166
Chandra J, Samali A and Orrenius S (2000). Triggering and modulation of
apoptosis by oxidative stress. Free Radic Bioi Med 29:323-333
Chang BE, Liao MH, Kuo MY and Chen CH (2004). Developmental toxicity of
arecoline, the major alkaloid in betel nuts, in zebrafish embryos. Birth Defects
Res A Clin Mol Teratol70: 28-36
Chang MC, Ho YS, Lee PH, Chan CP, Lee JJ, Hahn LJ, Wang YJ and Jeng JH
(2001 a). Areca nut extract and arecoline induced the cell cycle arrest but not
apoptosis of cultured oral KB epithelial cells: Association of glutathione, reactive
oxygen species and mitochondrial membrane potential. Carcinogenesis 22:
1527-1535
Chang YC, Hu CC, Lii CK, Tai KW, Yang SHand Chou MY (2001b). Cytotoxicity
and arecoline mechanisms in human gingival fibroblasts in vitro. Clin Oral
lnvestig 5: 51-56
Chang YC, Hu CC, Tseng TH, Tai KW, Lii CK and Chou MY (2001c).
Synergistic effects of nicotine on arecoline-induced cytotoxicity in human buccal
mucosal fibroblasts. J Oral Pathol Med 30: 458-464
13i6lioorapliy 208
Chang YC, Taiku Cheng MH, Chou LSS and Chou MY (1998). Cytotoxic and Non
genotoxic effects of arecoline on human buccal fibroblast in vitro. J Oral Pathol
Med 27: 68-71
Chang YC, Yang SF, Tai KW, Chou MY and Hsieh YS (2002). Increased tissue
inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 expression and inhibition of gelatinase A activity
in buccal mucosal fibroblasts by arecoline as possible mechanisms for oral
submucous fibrosis. Oral Oncol 38: 195-200
Chattopadhyay I, Biswas K, Bandyopadhyay U and Banerjee RK (2004).
Turmeric and curcumin: Biological actions and medicinal applications Curr Sci 87:
44-53
Chen A, Pennell ML, Klebanoff MA, Rogan WJ and Longnecker MP (2006c).
Maternal smoking during pregnancy in relation to child overweight: follow-up to
age 8 years. lnt J Epidemiol 35: 121-130
Chen LC, Sly L, Jones CS, Tarone Rand DeLuca LM (1993). Differential effects
of dietary B-carotene on papilloma and carcinoma formation induced by an
initiation-promotion protocol in SENCAR mouse skin. Carcinogenesis 14: 713-
717
Chen THH, Chiu YH and Boucher BJ (2006a). Transgenerational effects of betel
quid chewing on the development of the metabolic syndrome in the Keelung
Community-based Integrated Screening Program. Amer J Clin Nutr 83: 688-692
Chen Z, Hauser R, Trbovich AM, Shifren JL, Dorer DJ, Godfrey-Bailey L and
Singh NP (2006b). The relationship between human semen characteristics and
sperm apoptosis: a pilot study. J Androl27: 112-120
Cheng AL, Hsu CH, Lin JK, Hsu MM, Ho YF, Shen TS, Ko JY, Lin JT, Lin BR,
Ming-Shiang W, Yu HS, Jee SH, Chen GS, Chen TM, Chen CA, Lai MK, Pu YS,
Pan MH, Wang Y J, Tsai CC and Hsieh CY (2001 ). Phase I clinical trial of
curcumin, a chemopreventive agent, in patients with high-risk or pre-malignant
lesions. Anticancer Res 21: 2895-2900
Chew BP (1993). Effects of supplemental 13 -carotene and vitamin A on
reproduction in swine. J Anim Sci 71: 247-252
CJ3i6liograpfry 209
Chiang CP, Chang MC, Lee JJ, Chang JY, Lee PH, Hahn LJ and Jeng JH
(2004). Hamsters chewing betel quid or areca nut directly show a decrease in
body weight and survival rates with concomitant epithelial hyperplasia of cheek
pouch. Oral Oneal 40: 720-727
Chiang HS, Wang SP and Hsu FL (1992). In vitro screening of antimotility effect
on human sperm with polyphenolic compounds purified from Chinese herbal
medicines. Adv Contracept Deliv Syst 8: 239-246
Chinoy NJ, Rao MV, Derasari KJ and Highland HN (Eds.) (1993). Biochemical
estimations in endocrine tissues. In: Essential Techniques in Reproductive
Physiology and Endocrinology. Ahmedabad: Anand book depot: 37-38
Chou WW, Guh JY, Tsai JF, Hwang CC, Chen HC, Huang JS, Yang YL, Hung
WC and Chuang LY (2008). Arecoline-induced growth arrest and p21WAF1
expression are dependent on p53 in rat hepatocytes. Toxicology 243: 1-10
Christian MS (2001 ). Introduction/overview: gender-based differences in
pharmacologic and toxicologic responses. lnt J Toxicol20: 145-148
Chuang SE, Kuo ML, Hsu CH, Chen CR, Lin JK, Lai GM, Hsieh CY, Cheng AL
(2000). Curcumin-containing diet inhibits diethylnitrosamine-induced murine
hepatocarcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 21: 331-335
Chung FM, Chang OM, Chen MP, Tsai JC, Yang YH, Shieh TY, Shin SJ, Chen
TH, Tai TY and Lee YJ (2006). Areca nut chewing is associated with metabolic
syndrome role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, leptin, and white blood cell count in
betel nut chewing-related metabolic derangements. Diabetes Care 29: 1714
Clegg ED, Perreault SO and Klinfelter GR (2001). Assessment of male
reproductive toxicity. In: Principles and methods of toxicology IV. Hayes AW (Ed.)
Taylor and Francis. CRC Press. 1272
Cross JC and Rossant J (2001). Development of the embryo. In: Fetal Growth
and Development. Harding Rand Backing AD (Eds). Cambridge University Press
1-16.
CBi6fiography 21 0
Dalsenter PR, Dallegrave E, Mello JR, langeloh A, Oliveira RT and Faqi AS
{1999). Reproductive effects of endosulfan on male offspring of rats exposed
during pregnancy and lactation. Human Exp Toxicol18: 583-589
Damascene DC and Lemonica IP (1999). Embryotoxicity and. anti-implantation
effects of Rosemary ( Rosmarinus officina/is L.) extract in pregnant rats within
preimplantation period. Rev Bras Toxicol12: 47-54
Damascene DC, Volpato GT, Sartori TCF, Rodrigues PF, Perin EA, Calderon
IMP and Rudge MVC (2002). Effects of Annona squamosa extract on early
pregnancy in rats. Phytomedicine 9: 667-672
Darmani H and AI-Hiyasat AS (2005). The resin monomer triethylene glycol
dimethacrylate exhibits reproductive toxicity in male mice. Reprod Fertil Dev 17:
401-406
Das SK and Vasudevan OM (2006). Modulation of lecithin activity by vitamin-S
complex to treat long term consumption of ethanol induced oxidative stress in
liver. Indian J Exp Bioi 44: 791-801
Dave BJ, Trivedi AH and Adhvaryu SG (1991). Cytogenetic studies reveal
increased genomic damage among "pan masala" consumers. Mutagenesis 6:
159-163
Dave BJ, Trivedi AH, Adhvaryu SG (1992). In vitro genotoxic effects of areca nut
extract and arecoline. J Cancer Res Clin Oneal 118: 283-288
Davis DA, Taylor JM, Jones WI and Brower JB(1967). Toxicity to musk ambrette.
Toxic Appl Pharmacol10: 405
De Boeck M, Touil N, De Visscher G, Vande PA and Kirsch-Volders M (2000).
Validation and implementation of an internal standard in comet assay analysis.
Mutat Res 469: 181-197
De Costa C and Griew AR (1982). Effects of betel chewing on pregnancy
outcome. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol22: 22-24
Dizdaroglu M, Rao G, Halliwell B and Gajewski E (1991 ). Damage to the DNA
bases in mammalian chromatin by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of ferric
and cupric ions. Arch Biochem Biophys 285:317-324
(Bi6fioorapfry 211
Dobrzynska MM, Czajka U and Stowikowska MG (2005). Reproductive effects
after exposure of male mice to vincristine and to a combination of X-rays and
vincristine. Reprod Fertil Dev 17: 759-767
Dunham LJ, Muir CS and Hamner JE 3rd (1966}. Epithelial atypia in hamster
cheek pouches treated repeatedly with calcium hydroxide. Br J Cancer 20: 588-
593
Dunson DB (2000). Assessing overall risk in reproductive experiments. Risk
Analysis 20: 429-437
Dwyer JB, Broide RS and Leslie FM (2008}. Nicotine and brain development.
Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today 84: 3Q-44
Ebisch IM, Peters WH, Thomas CM, Wetzels AM, Peer PG and Steegers
Theunissen RP (2006). Homocysteine, glutathione and related thiols affect
fertility parameters in the (sub)fertile couple. Hum Reprod 21: 1725-1733
Egeli U, Aydemir N, Akpinar G, Cimen C, ErgOI E, Tutar G, Tunca B and Bilaloglu
R (1999). In vivo dominant lethal effect of pyrimethamine in male mouse germ
cells. Mutagenesis 14: 67-69
EI-Ashmawy IM, Ashry KM, EI-Nahas AF and Salama OM (2006). Protection by
turmeric and myrrh against liver oxidative damage and genotoxicity induced by
lead acetate in Mice. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol98: 32-37
EI-Demerdash FM, Yousef Ml and Radwan FME (2009). Ameliorating effect of
curcumin on sodium arsenite-induced oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation in
different rat organs. Food Chern Toxicol47: 249-254
EI-Demerdash FM, Yousef Ml, Kedwany FS and Baghdadi HH (2004a).
Cadmium-induced changes in lipid peroxidation, blood hematology, biochemical
parameters and semen quality of male rats: protective role of vitamin E and ~
carotene. Food Chern Toxicol42: 1563-1571
EI-Demerdash FM, Yousef Ml, Kedwany FS and Baghdadi HH (2004b). Role of
alpha-tocopherol and ~ -carotene in ameliorating the fenvalerate-induced
changes in oxidative stress, hemato-biochemical parameters, and semen quality
of male rats. J Environ Sci Health B. 39: 443-459
CJJi6lWgrapfry 212
Ellman GL (1959). Tissue sulfhydryl groups. Arch Biochem Biophys 82: 70-77
EI-Sokkary GH, Cuzzocrea S and Reiter RJ (2007). Effect of chronic nicotine
administration on the rat lung and liver: beneficial role of melatonin. Toxicology
239:60-67
Emerit I {1994). Reactive oxygen species, chromosome mutation, and cancer:
possible role of clastogenic factors in carcinogenesis. Free Radic Bioi Med 16:
99-109
Emery BRand Carrell DT (2006). The effect of epigenetic sperm abnormalities
on early embryogenesis. Asian J Androl8: 131-142
Emiliani S, Van Den Bergh M, Vannin AS, Biramane J, Verdoodt M and Englert
Y {2001 ). Evidence of reduced single-stranded testicular sperm DNA from
obstructive azoospermic men after 3 days of in-vitro culture. Hum Reprod 16:
1200-1203
Er TK, Tsai EM, Tsai L Y, Ko YC and Lee JN (2006). In vitro effects of arecoline
on sperm motility and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. J Toxicol Sci 31: 75-82
Erenpreiss J, Bars J, Lipatnikova V, Erenpreisa J and Zalkalns J {2001 ).
Comparative study of cytochemical tests for sperm chromatin integrity. J Androl
22:45-53
Erenpreiss J, Spano M, Erenpreisa J, Bungum M and Giwercman A (2006).
Sperm chromatin structure and male fertility: biological and clinical aspects. Asian
J Androl 8: 11-29
Eskenazi B, Kidd SA, Marks AR, Slater E, Block G and Wyrobek AJ {2005}.
Antioxidant intake is associated with semen quality in healthy men. Hum Reprod
20: 1006-1012
Esposito ER, Horn KH, Greene RM and Pisano MM (2008). An animal model of
cigarette smoke induced in utero growth retardation. Toxicology 246: 193-202
Farombi EO, Abarikwu SO, Adedara lA and Oyeyemi MO {2007). Curcumin and
kolaviron ameliorate di-n-butylphthalate-induced testicular damage in rats. Basic
Clin Pharmacal Toxicol100: 43-48
(}3i6fiograpfiy 213
Fasting MH, 0ien T, Storm 0, Nilsen Tl, Johnsen Rand Vik T (2009}. Maternal
smoking cessation in early pregnancy and offspring weight status at four years of
age. A prospective birth cohort study. Early Hum Dev 85: 19-24
Fawzi WW, Herrera MG, Willett WC, el Amin A, Nestel P, Lipsitz S, Spiegelman
D and Mohamed KA (1993). Vitamin A supplementation and dietary vitamin A in
relation to the risk of xerophthalmia. Am J Clin Nutr 58: 385-391
Gaemers IC, van Pelt AM, van der Saag PT and de Rooij DG (1996). All-trans-4-
oxo-retinoic acid: a potent inducer of in vivo proliferation of growth-arrested A
spermatogonia in the vitamin A-deficient mouse testis. Endocrinology 137: 479-
485
Gaetke LM and Chow CK (2003). Copper toxicity, oxidative stress, and
antioxidant nutrients. Toxicology 189: 14 7-163
Gandhi G, Kaur R and Sharma S (2005). Chewing panmasala and/or betel quid
fashionable attributes and/ or cancer menaces? J Hum Ecol 17: 161-166
Garda-Algar 0, Vall 0, Alameda F, Puig C, Pellegrini M, Pacifici R and Pichini S
(2005). Prenatal exposure to arecoline (areca nut alkaloid) and birth outcomes.
Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 90: F276-F277
Garewal HS (1993). Carotenoids in oral cancer prevention. Ann NY Acad Sci
691: 139-147
Garg SK (1974). Effect of Curcuma longa (rhizomes) on fertility in experimental
animals. Planta Med 26: 225-227
Garg SK and Garg GP (1971 ). Antifertility screening of plants. VII. Effect of five
indigenous plants on early pregnancy in albino rats. Indian J Med Res 59: 302-
306
Garg SK, Mathur VS and Chaudhury RR {1978). Screening of Indian plants for
antifertility activity. Indian J Exp Biol16: 1077-1079
Garrido N, Meseguer M, Simon C, Pellicer A and Remohi J {2004). Pro
oxidative and anti-oxidative imbalance in human semen and its relation with
male fertility. Asian J Androl6: 59-65
CJ3i6fiograpfry 214
Generoso WM, Huff SW and Cain KT (1979). Relative rates at which dominant
lethal mutations and heritable translocations are induced by alkylating chemicals
in postmeiotic male germ cells of mice. Genetics 93: 163-171
Ghaisas SO and Bhide SV (1994). In vitro studies on chemoprotective effect of
Purnark against benzo(a)pyrene-induced chromosomal damage in human
lymphocytes. Cell Biollnt 18: 21-27
Giavini E, Lemonica IP and Lou Y (1990). Induction of micronuclei and toxic
effects in embryos of pregnant rats treated before implantation with anticancer
drugs. Teratogenesis Carcinogen Mutagen 10:417-26
Gilman SE, Gardener H and Buka SL (2008). Maternal smoking during
pregnancy and children's cognitive and physical development: a causal risk
factor? Am J Epidemiol168: 522-531
Gil-Villa AM, Cardona-Maya W, Agar-Wal A, Sharma R and Cadavid A (2009).
Role of male factor in early recurrent embryo loss: do antioxidants have any
effect? Fertil Steril 92: 565-571
Giri AK, Banerjee TS, Talukder G and Sharma A (1987). Induction of sister
chromatid exchange and dominant lethal mutation by 'Katha' (Catechu) in male
mice. Cancer Lett 36: 189-196
Gocze PM and Freeman DA (2000). Cytotoxic effects of cigarette smoke
alkaloids inhibit the progesterone production and cell growth of cultured MA-10
Leydig tumor cells. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Bioi 93: 77-83
Gocze PM, Szabo I and Freeman DA (1999). Influence of nicotine, cotinine,
anabasine and cigarette smoke extract on human granulosa cell progesterone
and estradiol synthesis. Gynecol Endocrinol 13: 266-272
Goldenberg D, Lee J, Koch WM, Kim MM, Trink B, Sidransky D and Moon CS
(2004). Habitual risk factors for head and neck cancer. Otolaryngol Head Neck
Surg 131: 986-993
Gonzales AM and Orlando RA (2008). Curcumin and resveratrol inhibit nuclear
factor-kappaS-mediated cytokine expression in adipocytes. Nutr Metab (Lond)
5:17
(}Ji6fiograpliy 215
Grundy SM, Brewer HB Jr., Gleeman Jl, Smith SC Jr. and Lenfant C (2004).
Definition of Metabolic Syndrome. Circulation 1 09: 433-438
Guh JY, Chuang L Y and Chen HC (2006). Betel-quid use is associated with the
risk of the metabolic syndrome in adults. Am J Clin Nutr 83: 1313-1320
Gupta PC and Ray CS (2003). Smokeless tobacco and health in India and
South Asia. Respirology 8: 419-431
Gupta PC and Ray CS (2004). Epidemiology of betel quid usage. Annals of
Academic Medicine 33:31-36
Gupta PC and Subramoney S (2006). Smokeless tobacco use and risk of
stillbirth: A cohort study in Mumbai, India. Epidemiology 17: 47-51
Habig WH, Pabst MJ and Jakoby WB (1974). Glutathione S-transferases. The
first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation. J Bioi Chern 249: 7130-7139
Haines GA, Hendry JH, Daniel CP and Morris ID (2002). Germ cell and dose
dependent DNA damage measured by the comet assay in murine spermatozoa
after testicular x-irradiation. Bioi Rep 67: 854-861
Hales BF and Robaire B (2001 ). Paternal exposure to drugs and environmental
chemicals: effects on progeny outcome. J Androl 22: 927-936
Hashim S, Aboobaker VS, Madhubala R, Bhattacharya RK and Rao AR (1994).
Modulatory effects of essential oils from spices on the formation of DNA adduct
by aflatoxin B1 in vitro. Nutr Cancer 21: 169-175
Hecht SS, Carmella SG, Murphy SE, Riley WT, Le C, Luo X, Mooney M and
Hatsukami DK (2007). Similar exposure to a tobacco-specific carcinogen in
smokeless tobacco users and cigarette smokers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers
Prev 16: 1567-1572
Hemsworth BN (1981 ). Deformation of the mouse foetus after ingestion of
nicotine by the male. IRCS Medical Science 9: 728-729
Hoffmann D, Brunnemann KD, Prokopczyk B and Djordjevic MV (1994).
Tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines and Areca-derived N-nitrosamines: chemistry,
(}3i6fiograpfzy 216
biochemistry, carcinogenicity, and relevance to humans. J Toxicol Environ
Health 41 : 1-52
Holloway AC, Kellenberger LD and Petrik JJ (2006). Fetal and neonatal exposure
to nicotine disrupts ovarian function and fertility in adult female rats. Endocrine
30: 1-4
Holt EM, Steffen LM, Moran A, Basu S, Steinberger J, Ross JA, Hong CP and
Sinaiko AR (2009). Fruit and vegetable consumption and its relation to markers of
inflammation and oxidative stress in adolescents. J Am Diet Assoc 1 09: 414-421
Huang MT, Lou YR, Ma W, Newmark HL, Reuhl KR and Conne AH (1994).
Inhibitory effects of dietary curcumin on forestomach, duodenal, and colon
carcinogenesis in mice. Cancer Res 54: 5841-5847
Huff K, Vance M and Motlekar N (2007). Gutkha: awareness survey of
pharmacist and chemical analysis of constituents. 19th Annual Undergraduate
Research Conference, Butler University: 70
Hughes CM, Lewis SE, McKelvey-Martin VJ and Thompson W (1996). A
comparison of baseline and induced DNA damage in human spermatozoa from
fertile and infertile men, using a modified comet assay. Mol Hum Reprod 2: 613-
619
Iannaccone PM, Fahl WE and Stols L (1984}. Reproductive toxicity associated
with endometrial cell mediated metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene: a combined in
vitro, in vivo approach. Carcinogenesis 5: 1437-1442
IARC (1998a) IARC Handbooks of Cancer Prevention, Vol 2, Carotenoids.
International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
IARC (1998b) IARC Handbooks of Cancer Prevention, Vol 3, Vitamin A.
International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
IARC (2004a). IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to
Humans, Vol85, Betel-quid and Areca-nut Chewing and Some Areca-nut-derived
Nitrosamines. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
(]3i6fiograpfry 217
IARC (2004b). IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to
Humans, Vol83, Tobacco Smoke and Involuntary Smoking. International Agency
for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
IARC (2007). IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to
Humans, Vol 89, Smokeless Tobacco and Some Tobacco-specific N
Nitrosamines. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
lno T (2009). A meta-analysis of association between maternal smoking during
pregnancy and offspring obesity. Pediatr Int. Epub ahead of print
Irvine OS (1998). Epidemiology and etiology of male infertility. Hum Reprod 13:
33-44
Irvine OS, Twigg JP, Gordon EL, Fulton N, Milne PA and Aitken RJ (2000). DNA
integrity in human spermatozoa: relationships with semen quality. J Androl 21:
33-44
Ishikawa H, Seki R, Yokonishi S, Yamauchi T and Yokoyama K (2006).
Relationship between fetal weight, placental growth and litter size in mice from
mid to late gestation. Reprod Toxicol21: 267-270
Jaju RJ, Patel RK, Bakshi SR, Trivedi AH, Dave BJ and Adhvaryu SG (1992).
Chromosome damaging effects of pan masala. Cancer Lett 65: 221-226
Jana K, Jana S and Samanta PK (2006). Effects of chronic exposure to sodium
arsenite on hypothalamo-pituitary-testicular activities in adult rats: possible an
estrogenic mode of action. Rep Bioi Endocrinol 4: 9 - 22
Jauniaux E, Gulbis 8, Acharya G, Thiry P and Rodeck C (1999). Maternal
tobacco exposure and cotinine levels in fetal fluids in the first half of pregnancy.
Obstet Gynecol93: 25-29
Jayalakshmi A and Mathew AG (1982). Chemical composition and processing.
In: The Arecanut Palm. Bavappa KVA, Nair MK and Kumar TP (Eds.). Central
Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kerala. 225-244
Jayasekhar P, Mohanan PV and Rathinam K (1997). Hepatoprotective activity of
ethyl acetate extract of Acacia catechu. Indian J Pharmacal 29: 426-428
CBi6fioarapliy 218
Jefferson WN, Padilla-Banks E and Newbold RR (2005). Adverse effects on
female development and reproduction in CD-1 mice following neonatal exposure
to the phytoestrogen genistein at environmentally relevant doses. Bioi Reprod 73:
798-806
Jeng JH, Chang MC and Hahn LJ (2001 ). Role of areca nut in betel quid
associated chemical carcinogenesis: current awareness and future
perspectives. Eur J Cancer Oral Oncol37: 477-492
Jeng JH, Kuo ML, Hahn LJ and Kuo MY (1994). Genotoxic and non-genotoxic
effects of betel quid ingredients on oral mucosal fibroblasts in vitro. J Dent Res
73: 1043-1049
Jeng JH, Lan WH, Hahn LJ, Hsieh CC and Kuo MY (1996). Inhibition of the
migration, attachment, spreading, growth and collagen synthesis of human
gingival fibroblasts by arecoline, a major areca alkaloid, in vitro. J Oral Pathol
Med 25: 371-375
Jeng JH, Tsai CL, Hahn LJ, Yang PJ, Kuo YS, Kuo MYP (1999). Arecoline
cytotoxicity on human oral mucosal fibroblasts related to cellular thiol and
esterase activities. Food Chern Toxicol37: 751-756
Jensen MS, Mabeck LM, Toft G, Thulstrup AM and Bonde JP (2005). Lower
sperm counts following prenatal tobacco exposure. Hum Reprod 20: 2559-2566
Jensen TK, Henriksen TB, Hjollund NH, Scheike T, Kolstad H, Giwercman A,
Ernst E, Bonde JP, Skakkebaek NE and Olsen J (1998). Adult and prenatal
exposures to tobacco smoke as risk indicators of fertility among 430 Danish
couples. Am J Epidemiol 148: 992- 997
John EM, Savitz DA and Sandler DP (1991 ). Prenatal exposure to parents'
smoking and childhood cancer. Am J Epidemiol133: 123-132
Jones HW and Tomer J P (1993). The infertile couples. N Eng J Med 329: 1710-
1715
Jorsaraei SGA, Shibahara H, Ayustawati, Hirano Y and Shiraishi Y (2008). The
in-vitro effects of nicotine, cotinine and leptin on sperm parameters analyzed by
CASA system. Iranian J Reprod Med 6: 157-165
CJ3i6fiograpfzy 219
Joyce KL, Porcelli J and Cooke PS (1993}. Neonatal goitrogen treatment
increases adult testis size and sperm production in the mouse. J Androl 14: 448-
455
Jurisicova A, Taniuchi A, Li H, Shang Y, Antenos M, Detmar J, Xu J, Matikainen
T, Hernandez AB, Nunez G and Casper RF (2007). Maternal exposure to
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons diminishes murine ovarian reserve via induction
of Harakiri. J Clin Invest 117: 3971-3978
Kalpana C and Menon VP (2004). Modulatory effects of curcumin on lipid
peroxidation and antioxidant status during nicotine-induced toxicity. ltal J
Biochem 53: 82-86
Kamble MB, Dumbre RK and Rangari VD (2008). Hepatoprotective activity
studies of herbal formulations. lnt J Green Pharm 2: 147-151
Kannan A, Das M and Khanna SK (1997). Estimation of menthol in Pan masala
samples by a spectrophotometric method. Food Addit Con tam 14: 367-371
Kapawa A, Giannakis D, Tsoukanelis K, Kanakas N, Baltogiannis D, Agapitos E,
Loutradis D, Miyagawa I and Sofikitis N (2004). Effects of paternal cigarette
smoking on testicular function, sperm fertilizing capacity, embryonic
development, and blastocyst capacity for implantation in rats. Andrologia 36: 57-
68
Kapoor M, Garg SK and Mathur VS (1974). Antiovulatory activity of five
indigenous plants in rabbits. Indian J Med Res 62: 1225-1227
Kaye PL and Gardner HG.(1999). Preimplantation access to maternal insulin and
albumin increases fetal growth rate in mice. Hum Reprod 14: 3052-3059
Khrime RD, Mehra YN, Mann SB, Mehta SK and Chakraborti RN (1991). Effect of
instant preparation of betel nut (panmasala) on the oral mucosa of albino rats.
Indian J Med Res 94: 119-124
Klinefelter GRand Hess RA (1998). Toxicology of the male excurrent ducts and
accessory sex glands. In Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology. Korach
KS (Eds). Marcel Dekker, USA. 553-562
\Bi6fiograpliy 220
Knight CH and Peaker M (1982). Mammary cell proliferation in mice during
pregnancy and lactation in relation to milk yield. Q J Exp Physiol 67: 165-177
Kohlmeier L and Hastings SB (1995). Epidemiologic evidence of a role of
carotenoids in cardiovascular disease prevention. Am J Clin Nutr 62: 1370S-
1376S
Koshy TS, Sara VR, King TL and Lazarus L (1975). The influence of protein
restriction imposed at various stages of pregnancy on fetal and placental
development. Growth 39: 495-506
Krishanmurty S (1997). Maternal tobacco use and adverse reproductive outcome.
Natl Med J India 1 0: 2-4
Krishna K (1978). Tobacco chewing in pregnancy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol85: 726-
728
Krishnamurthy S and Joshi S (1993). Gender differences and low birth weight
with maternal smokeless tobacco use in pregnancy. J Trop Pediatr 39: 253-254
Krzanowska H (1976). Inheritance of sperm head abnormality types in mice -
the role of the Y chromosome. Genet Res 28: 189-198
Krzanowska H, Styrna J, Wabik and Sliz B (1995). Analysis of sperm quality in
recombinant inbred mouse strains: correlation of sperm head shape with sperm
abnormalities and with the incidence of supplementary spermatozoa in the
perivitelline space. J Reprod Fertil1 04: 347-354
Kumar S (2008). Panmasala chewing induces deterioration in oral health and its
implications in carcinogenesis. Toxicol Mech Methods, USA 18: 665-677
Kumar S, Pukhan RK and Chetia M (1993). Changes in the saliva of betel nut
chewers. RMRC Dibrugarh, Annual report
Kumar S and Saiyed HN (1999). Role of betel nut chewing in cancer its toxicity
and chemo prevention-an over view. Indian J Environ Toxicol 9: 5-11
Kumar S, Archana K and Murarka S (2009). Lifestyle factors in deteriorating
male reproductive health. Indian J Exp Biol47 (in press)
(}3i6fiograpfzy 221
Kumar S, Chaudhury K and Saiyad HN (2006): Occupational Cancer - A south
asian perspective UICC chapter: 96-115
Kumar S, Nigam SK, Shaikh SA and Saiyed HN (2003). Effect of pan masala on
sperm morphology of mouse. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol USA 70: 1184-1188
Kumar S, Zinyu R, Chetia M and Dutta LP (1992). Genotoxic effect of smoke
dried meat extract in Swiss albino mice using sperm head shape abnormality
test. Cancer Lett 64: 51-53
Kumar S, Parmar G and Saiyad HN (2004). Nut and tobacco chewing. Brit Dental
J 197: 292
Kumpawat K and Chatterjee A (2003). The usefulness of cytogenetic
parameters, level of p53 protein and endogenous glutathione as intermediate
end-points in raw betel-nut genotoxicity. Hum Exp Toxicol22: 363-371
Kuruvilla J (2008). Utilizing dental colleges for the eradication of oral cancer in
India. Indian J Dent Res 19: 349-353
Lackmann GM, Salzberger U, Tollner U, Chen M, Carmella SG and Hecht SS
(1999). Metabolites of a tobacco-specific carcinogen in urine from newborns. J
Natl Cancer lnst (Bethesda) 91 : 459-465
Uihdetie J (1995). Occupation- and exposure-related studies on human sperm. J
Occup Environ Med 37: 922-930
Leary SO, Smith GO, Rogers IS, Reilly JJ, Wells JC and Ness AR (2006).
Smoking during pregnancy and offspring fat and lean mass in childhood. Obesity
(Silver Spring) 14:2284-2293
Lee CM, Boileau AC, Boileau TWM, Williams AW, Swanson KS, Heintz KA and
Erdman JW (1999). Review of Animal Models in Carotenoid Research. J Nutr
129:2271-2277
Lamonica IP (1996). Embriofetotoxicdade: in Oga S. Fundamentos de
toxicologia. Sao Paulo. Atheneu 85-94
Lewis SE and Aitken RJ (2005). DNA damage to spermatozoa has impacts on
fertilization and pregnancy. Cell Tissue Res 322: 33-41
r.Bi6fiograpfiy 222
Lewis SE, Sterling ES, Young IS and Thompson W (1997). Comparison of
individual antioxidants of sperm and seminal plasma in fertile and infertile men.
Fertil Steril67: 142-147
Liao J-W, Wang M-F, Chen C-M and Chan Y-C (2006). Curcumin did not affect
the reproductive function of Young Senescence Accelerated Mice. Taiwanese J
Agri Chern Food Sci 44: 259-263
Lin CC, Chang MC, Chang HH, Wang TM, Tseng WY, Tai TF, Yeh HW, Yang
TT, Hahn LJ and Jeng JH (2009). Areca nut-induced microhuclei and
cytokinesis failure in Chinese hamster ovary cells is related to reactive oxygen
species production and. actin filament deregulation. Environ Mol Mutagen 50:
367-374
Lin MH, Liu SY and Liu YC (2008). Autophagy induction by a natural ingredient
of areca nut. Autophagy 4: 967-968
Liu ST and Young GC (2005). Effects of arecoline to the peri-implantation mouse
embryos in vitro. The Society for the Study of the Reproduction. 38th Annual
meeting.
Liu SY, Lin MH, Hsu YR, Shih YY, Chiang WF, Lee CH, Chou TH and Liu YC
(2008). Arecoline and the 3Q-1 00 kDa fraction of areca nut extract differentially
regulate mTOR and respectively induce apoptosis and autophagy: a pilot study. J
Biomed Sci 15: 823-831
Liu TV, Chen CL and Chi CW (1996). Oxidative damage to DNA induced by
areca nut extract. Mutat Res 367: 25-31
L6pez-Vilchez MA, Seidel V, Farre M, Garcia-Aigar 0, Pichini S and Mur A
(2006). Areca-Nut Abuse and Neonatal Withdrawal Syndrome. Pediatrics 117:
129-131
Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL and Randall RJ (1951). Protein
measurement with Folin phenol reagent. J Bioi Chern 193: 265-275
Lu LJ and Wang MY (1990). Modulation of benzo[a]pyrene-induced covalent
DNA modifications in adult and fetal mouse tissues by gestation stage.
Carcinogenesis 11 : 1367-1372
(}Ji6fwgrapfiy 223
Lucesoli F and Fraga CG (1995). Oxidative damage to lipids and DNA
concurrent with decrease of antioxidants in rat testes after acute iron
intoxication. Arch Biochem Biophys 316: 567 -571
Luck W, Nau H, Hansen R and Steldenger R (1985). Extent of nicotine and
cotinine transfer to the human fetus, placenta, and amniotic fluid of smoking
mothers. Dev Pharmacal Ther 8: 384-395
Mack TM (2001). The new pan-asian paan problem. The Lancet 357: 1638-1639
Mackenzie K and Angevine D (1981). Infertility in mice exposed in utero to
benzo[a]pyrene. Bioi Reprod 24: 183-191
Mahimkar MB, Buch SC, Samant TA, Kapoor MD and Bhisey RA (2001).
Influence of smokeless tobacco exposure on detoxification status and
chromosomal damage in male and female habitues. Mutat Res 491 : 111-117
Mailhes JB, Young D, Caldito G and London SN (2000). Sensitivity of mouse
oocytes to nicotine-induced perturbations during oocyte meiotic maturation and
aneuploidy in vivo and in vitro. Mol Hum Reprod 6: 232-237
Mak DH, lp SP, Li PC, Poon MK and Ko KM (1996). Alterations in tissue
glutathione antioxidant system in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Mol Cell
Biochem 162: 153-158
Mangla B (1993). Saccharin to sweeten bitter facts about betel nut. Lancet 342:
293
Mankad M (2007). The role of environmental chemicals in human reproduction.
Ph. D. thesis. Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
Marchetti F and Wyrobek AJ (2008}. DNA repair decline during mouse
spermiogenesis results in the accumulation of heritable DNA damage. DNA
Repair (Arnst). 7: 572-581
Marklund Sand Marklund G (1974). Involvement of the superoxide anion radical
in the autoxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide
dismutase. Eur J Biochem 47: 469-474
CJ3i66ograpfry 224
Mathuria N and Verma RJ (2008}. Curcumin ameliorates aflatoxin-induced
toxicity in mice spermatozoa. Fertil Steril 90: 775-780
Mayne ST (1996). Beta-carotene, carotenoids, and disease prevention in
humans. FASEB J 10: 690-701
McCowan LME, Dekker GA, Chan E, Stewart A, Chappell LC, Hunter M, Moss
Morris R and North RA (2009}. Spontaneous preterm birth and small for
gestational age infants in women who stop smoking early in pregnancy:
prospective cohort study. BMJ 338: b1 081-1087
Meeker JD, Missmer SA, Cramer OW and Hauser R (2007). Maternal exposure
to second-hand tobacco smoke and pregnancy outcome among couples
undergoing assisted reproduction. Hum Reprod 22: 337-345
Meister A (1984). New aspects of glutathione biochemistry and transport
selective alteration of glutathione metabolism. Nutr Rev 42: 397-410
Mendez MA, Torrent M, Ferrer C, Ribas-Fit6 N and Sunyer J (2008). Maternal
smoking very early in pregnancy is related to child overweight at age 5-7 y. Am J
Clin Nutr 87: 1906-1913
Misra SP, Misra V, Dwivedi M and Gupta SC (1998). Oesophageal subepithelial
fibrosis: an extension of oral submucosal fibrosis. Postgrad Med J 7 4: 733-736
Moharir M, Deep A, Bawiskar S and Jayakar A (2001 ). Effect of maternal
tobacco chewing on fetal growth retardation. Pediatrics Res 50: 52A-53A
Mojidra BN, Archana K, Gautam AK, Verma Y, Lakkad BC, Kumar S (2009).
Evaluation of genotoxicity of pan masala employing chromosomal aberration and
micronucleus assay in bone marrow cells of the mice. Toxicol lnd Health, 2009
(in press)
Mosier HD and Jansans RA (1972). Distribution and fate of nicotine in rat fetus.
Teratology 6: 303-311
Mukherjee A and Giri AK (1991). Sister chromatid exchange induced by 'pan
masala' (a betel quid ingredient) in male mice in vivo. Food Chern Toxicol 29:
401-403
CJJi6fiograpliy 225
Mukherjee A, Chakrabarti J, Chakrabarti A, Banerjee T and Sarma A (1991).
Effect of pan masala on the germ cell of male mice. Cancer Lett 58: 161-165
Muthukumaran S, Sudheer AR, Menon VP and Nalini N (2008). Protective effect
of quercetin on nicotine-induced prooxidant and antioxidant imbalance and DNA
damage in Wistar rats. Toxicology 243: 207-215
Nackerdien Z, Rao G, Cacciuttolo MA, Gajewski E and Dizdaroglu M (1991).
Chemical nature of DNA-protein cross-links produced in mammalian chromatin
by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of iron or copper ions. Biochemistry 30:
4873-4879
Nagabhushan M and Bhide SV (1988). Anti-mutagenicity of catechin against
environmental mutagens. Mutagenesis 3: 293-296
Nagabhushan M, Amonkar AJ, Nair UJ, Santhanam U, Ammigan N, D'Souza AV
and Bhide SV (1988). Catechin as an antimutagen: Its mode of action. J Cancer
ResCiinOncol114: 177-182
Nagata Jl and Saito M (2005). Evaluation of the correlation between amount of
curcumin intake and its physiological effects in rats. Food Sci Technol Res 11:
157-160
Naik GH, Priyadarsini Kl, Satav JG, Banavalikar MM, Sohoni DP, Biyani MK and
Mohan H (2003). Comparative antioxidant activity of individual herbal
components used in Ayurvedic medicine. Phytochemistry 63: 97-104
Nair J, Ohshima H, Friesen M, Croisy A, Bhide SV and Bartsch H (1985).
Tobacco-specific and betel nut-specific N-nitroso compounds: Occurrence in
saliva and urine of betel quid chewers and formation in vitro by nitrosation of
betel quid. Carcinogenesis 6: 295-303
Nair J, Ohshima H, Malaveille C, Friesen M, O'Neill IK, Hautefeuille A and
Bartsch H (1986). Identification, occurrence and mutagenicity in Salmonella
typhimurium of two synthetic nitroarenes, musk ambrette and musk xylene, in
Indian chewing tobacco and betel quid. Food Chem Toxicol24: 27-31
(}3i6Eiograpfry 226
Nair U, Bartsch Hand Nair J (2004). Alert for an epidemic of oral cancer due to
use of the betel quid substitutes gutkha and pan masala: a review of agents and
causative mechanisms. Mutagenesis 19: 251-262
Nair UJ, Floyd RA, Nair J, Bussachini V, Friesen M and Bartsch H (1987).
Formation of reactive oxygen species and of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in DNA
in vitro with betel quid ingredients. Chem Bioi Interact 63: 157-169
Nair UJ, Friesen M, Richard I, Maclennan R, Thomas S and Bartsch H (1990).
Effect of lime composition on the formation of reactive oxygen species from areca
nut extract in vitro. Carcinogenesis 11: 2145-2148
Nair UJ, Nair J, Friesen MD, Bartsch Hand Ohshima H (1995). Ortho- and meta
tyrosine formation from phenylalanine in human saliva as a marker of hydroxyl
radical generation during betel quid chewing. Carcinogenesis 16: 1195-1198
National Toxicological Program, NTP (2002). USA. Report on smokeless tobacco
National Institute of Occupational Health, NIOH (1989-90). Annual report. 80-81
Nelson BS and Heischober B (1999). Betel nut: a common drug used by
naturalized citizens from India, Far East Asia, and the South Pacific Islands. Ann
Emerg Med 34 : 238 -243
Nery R (1971 ). The Metabolic lnterconversion of Arecoline and Arecoline 1-0xide
in the Rat. Biochem J 122: 503-508
Ness RB, Grisso JA, Hirschinger N, Markovic N, Shaw IM, Day NL and Kline J
(1999). Cocaine and tobacco use and the risk of spontaneous abortion. N Engl J
Med 340: 333-339
Nieschulz 0 and Schmersahl P (1968). [On the pharmacology of active
materials from betel. 2. Transformation of arecoline to arecaidine.] Arzneim.
Forsch 18: 222-225
Nigam SK, Kumar A, Shaikh SA, and Saiyed HN (2001). Toxicological evaluation
of panmasala in pure inbreed Swiss mice - a preliminary report on long-term
exposure study. Curr Sci 80: 1306-1309
ffii6fiograpfry 227
Niphadkar MP, Bagwe AN and Bhisey RA (1996). Mutagenic potential of Indian
tobacco products. Mutagenesis 11: 151-154
Nishigaki I, Kuttan R, Oku H, Ashorri F, Abe H and Yagi K (1992}. Supressive
effect of curcumin on lipid peroxidation induced in rats by carbon tetrachloride or
Co-60- irradiation. J Clin Biochem Nutr 13: 23-29
O'Neill ME and Thurnham Dl (1998}. Intestinal absorption of P-carotene,
lycopene and Iuten in man and women following a standard meal, response
curve in the triacylglyceral-rich lipoprotein fraction. Brit J Nut 97: 149-159
Oakberg EF (1956a). A description of spermiogenesis in the mouse and its use in
analysis of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium and germ cell renewal. Am J
Anat 99: 391-413
Oakberg EF (195Gb). Duration of spermatogenesis in the mouse and timing of
stages of the cycle of seminiferous epithelium. Am J Anat 99: 507-516
Odin AP (1997). Vitamins as antimutagens: advantages and some possible
mechanisms of antimutagenic action. Mutat Res 386: 39-67
Ohta H, Sakaide Y and Wakayama T (2009}. Age- and substrain-dependent
sperm abnormalities in BALB/c mice and functional assessment of abnormal
sperm by ICSI. Hum Reprod 24: 775-781
Ohtani K, Yamazaki S, Kubota H, Miyagawa M and Saegusa J (2004).
Comparative investigation of several sperm analysis methods for evaluation of
spermatotoxicity of industrial chemical: 2-bromopropane as an example. lnd
Health 42: 219-225
Okamoto K, Kihira T, Kobashi G, Washio M, Sasaki S, Yokoyama T, Miyake Y,
Sakamoto N, lnaba Y and Nagai M (2009). Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Japan. Neuroepidemiology 32: 251-256
Oken E, Levitan EB and MW Gillman (2008). Maternal smoking during pregnancy
and child overweight: systematic review and meta-analysis. lnt J Obes (Lond) 32:
201-210
(8i6fioorapliy 228
Oosterhuis GJ, Mulder AB, Kalsbeek-Batenburg E, Lambalk CB, Schoemaker J
and Vermes I (2000). Measuring apoptosis in human spermatozoa: a biological
assay for semen quality? Fertil Steril 7 4: 245-250
Pacifici R, Altieri I, Gandini L, Lenzi A, Passa AR, Pichini S, Rosa M, Zuccaro P
and Dondero F (1995). Environmental tobacco smoke: nicotine and cotinine
concentration in semen. Environmental Res 68: 69-72
Padma PR, Lalitha VS, Amonkar AJ and Bhide SV (1989). Anticarcinogenic
effect of betel leaf extract against tobacco carcinogens. Cancer Lett 45: 261-269
Pakrashi A and Chatterjee S (1995). Effect of tobacco consumption on the
function of male accessory sex glands. lnt J Andrei 18: 232-236
Panigrahi GB and Rao AR (1982). Chromosome-breaking ability of arecoline, a
major betel-nut alkaloid, in mouse bone-marrow cells in vivo. Mutat Res 1 03:
197-204
Panigrahi GB and Rao AR (1983). Influence of caffeine on arecoline-induced
SCE in mouse bone-marrow cells in vivo. Mutat Res 122: 347-353
Panigrahi GB and Rao AR (1984). Induction of in vivo sister chromatid
exchanges by arecaidine, a betel nut alkaloid, in mouse bone-marrow cells.
Cancer Lett 23: 189-192
Parke DV (1984). In: Toxicology and the newborn. (Kacew S and Reasor MJ
Eds.) Elseveir Science Publishers. B. V. 3-28
Parmar G (2005). Role of areca nut and panmasala in the causation of oral
diseases in human. Ph.D. thesis. Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
Parmar G, Vashi P, Sangwan P, Kulkarni PK and Kumar S (2008). Tobacco and
areca nut chewing induces dental attrition and sensitivity. lnt J Dental
Anthropology (USA} 12: 8-14
Patel RK, Jaju RJ, Bakshi SR, Trivedi AH, Dave BJ and Adhvaryu SG (1994a}.
Panmasala a genotoxic menace. Mutat Res 320:245-249
lJJi6fiograpfry 229
Patel RK, Trivedi AH, Jaju RJ, Adhvaryu SG and Balar DB (1994b}. Ethanol
potentiates the clastogenicity of pan masala--an in vitro experience.
Carcinogenesis 15: 2017-2021
Patel RK, Trivedi AH, Jaju RJ, Kukreti MS, Bhatavdekar JM, Shah PM and Patel
DO (1998a). Protection from pan masala induced genomic damage by p -carotene and retinoic acid--an in vitro experience. Neoplasma 45: 169-175
Patel RK, Trivedi AH, Roy SK, Bhatavdekar JM, Shah PM and Patel DO (1998b).
Influence of alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid on pan masala induced genomic
damage. An in vitro experiment. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 17: 419-424
Patterson TR, Stringham JD and Meikle AW (1990). Nicotine and cotinine inhibit
steroidogenesis in mouse Leydig cells. Life Sci 46: 265-272
Paul K, Moitra PK, Maity CR and Ghosal SK (1996) Teratogenicity of crude
areca nut extract in chick embryos. lnd J Phys Allied Sci 50: 182-187
PaulK, Moitra PK, Mukherjee I, Maity C and Ghosal SK (1999}. Teratogenicity of
arecoline hydrobromide on developing chick embryos: a preliminary report. Bull
Environ Contam Toxicol62: 356-362
Paulson RB, Shanfeld J, Vorhees CV, Cole J, Sweazy A and Paulson JO (1994).
Behavioral effects of smokeless tobacco on the neonate and young Sprague
Dawley rat. Teratology 49: 293-305
Perera FP, Whyatt RM, Jedrychowski W, Rauh V, Manchester D, Santella RM
and Ottman R (1998). Recent developments in molecular epidemiology: a study
of the effects of environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on birth
outcomes in Poland. Amer J Epidemiol147: 309-314
Perkins S, Verschoyle RD, Hill K, Parveen I, Threadgill MD, Sharma RA, Williams
MA, Steward WP and Gescher AJ (2002). Chemopreventive efficacy and
pharmacokinetics of Curcumin in the Min/+ Mouse, a model of familial
Adenomatous Polyposis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 11: 535-540
Phukan RK, Zomawia E, Narain K, Hazarika NC and Mahanta J (2005). Tobacco
Use and Stomach Cancer in Mizoram, India. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
14: 1892-1896
(]3i6(iograpliy 230
Polasa K, Babu Sand Shenolikar IS (1993). Dose dependent genotoxic effect of
panmasala and areca nut in the Salmonella typhimurium assay. Food Chern
Toxicol 31: 439-442
Potts RJ, Newbury CJ, Smith G, Notarianni LJ and Jefferies TM (1999). Sperm
chromatin damage associated with male smoking. Mutat Res 423: 103-111
Pregiosi P, Galan P, Hebeth B, Valeix P, Roussel AM, Malvy D, Favier A and
Hercberg S (1998). Effect of supplementation with a combination of antioxidant
vitamins and trace elements, at nutritional doses, on biochemical indicators and
markers of the antioxidant system in adult subjects. J Am Coli Nutr 17: 244-249
Price CJ, Marr MC, Myers CB and Jahnke GD (2005). Postnatal development of
rat pups after maternal exposure to Diethanolamine. Birth Defects Res B 74:
243-254
Pryor JL, Hughes C, Foster W, Hales BF and Robaire B (2000). Critical windows
of exposure for children's health: the reproductive system in animals and
humans. Environ Health Perspect 108: 491-503
Psychoyos A (1995). Nidation window: from basic to clinic. In: Molecular and
Cellular Aspects of Periimplantation Processes. Dey SK (Ed). New
York:Springer-Verlag: 1-14
Purohit A and Bhagat M (2004). Contraceptive effect of Curcuma longa (L.) in
male albino rat. Asian J Androl 6: 71-7 4
Purohit TM, Purohit MB and Dabhi BJ (2004). Study of semen analysis and
testicular biopsy in infertile male. Indian J Pathol Microbiol47: 486-490
Qureshi S, Shah AH and Ageel AM (1992). Toxicity Studies on Alpinia galanga
and Curcuma /onga. Planta Med 58: 124-127
Raghavan V and Baruah HK (1958). Arecanut: India's popular masticatory -
History, chemistry and utilization. Econom Bot 12: 315-325
Ramchandani AG, D'Souza AV, Borges AM and Bhisey RA (1998). Evaluation
of carcinogenic/co-carcinogenic activity of a common chewing product, pan
masala, in mouse skin, stomach and esophagus. lnt J Cancer 75: 225-232
(J3i6fiograpfry 231
Ramirez-Bosca A, Soler A, Gutierrez MAC, Alvarez JL and Almagro EO (1995).
Antioxidant curcuma extract decrease the blood lipid peroxide level of human
subjects. Age 18: 167-169
Ramlau-Hansen CH, Thulstrup AM, Olsen J and Bonde JP (2008b). Parental
subfecundity and risk of decreased semen quality in the male offspring: A follow
up study. Am J Epidemiol167: 1458-1464
Ramlau-Hansen CH, Thulstrup AM, Olsen J, Ernst E, Andersen CY and Bonde
JP (2008a). Maternal smoking in pregnancy and reproductive hormones in adult
sons. lnt J Androl 31: 565-572.
Ramlau-Hansen CH, Thulstrup AM, Storgaard L, Toft G, Olsen J and Bonde JP
(2007). Is prenatal exposure to tobacco smoking a cause of poor semen quality?
A follow-up study. Am J Epidemiol165: 1372-1379
Rani M, Bonu S, Jha P, Nguyen SN and Jamjoum L (2003). Tobacco use in
India: prevalence and predictors of smoking and chewing in a national cross
sectional household survey. Tob Control12: e4
Rao S, Ovchinnikov N and McRae A (2006). Gestational stage sensitivity to
ultrasound effect on postnatal growth and development of mice. Birth Defects
Res A 76:602-608
Ratcliffe JM, Gladen BC, Wilcox AJ and Herbst AL (1992). Does early exposure
to maternal smoking affect future fertility in adult males? Reprod Toxicol 6: 297-
307
Ray D, Kh. Sharatchandra and Thokchom IS (2006). Antipyretic, antidiarrhoeal,
hypoglycaemic and hepatoprotective activities of ethyl acetate extract of Acacia
catechu Willd. in albino rats. Indian J Pharmacal 38: 408-413
Ray VA and Hyneck ML (1973). Some primary considerations in the
interpretation of the dominant lethal assay. Environ Health Perspect 6: 27-35
Recabarren SE, Rojas-Garcfa PP, Recabarren MP, Alfaro VH, Smith R,
Padmanabhan V and Sir-Petermann T (2008). Prenatal testosterone excess
reduces sperm count and motility. Endocrinol 149: 6444-6448
ffii6fiograpliy 232
Reddy SS and Shaik HA (2008). Estimation of nicotine content in popular Indian
brands of smoking and chewing tobacco products. Indian J Dent Res 19: 88-91
Rege N, Dahanukar S and Karandikar Sm (1984). Heaptoprotective effect of
Cynidanol (+) against carbon tetrachloride induced liver damage. Indian Drugs
22:556-568
Rehak P, Mihalik J, Vesela J, Cikos S, Baran V and Koppel J (1996). Effects of
impaired maternal insulin secretion on preimplantation embryo development in
ICR mice. Physiol Res 45: 453-458
Reibel J (2003). Tobacco and oral diseases. Update on the evidence, with
recommendations. Med Prine Pract 12: 22-32
Reichart PA and Philipsen HP (2006). [Oral submucous fibrosis in a 31-year-old
Indian women: first case report from Germany] Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir 10: 192-
196
Richthoff J, Elzanaty S, Rylander L, Hagmar L and Giwercman A (2008).
Association between tobacco exposure and reproductive parameters in
adolescent males. lnt J Androl 31: 31-39
Riesenfeld A and Oliva H (1988). Effects of nicotine on the fertility, cytology and
life span of male rats. Acta Anat (Basel) 131: 171-176
Rivenson A, Hoffmann D, Prokopczyk B, Amin S and Hecht SS (1988).
Induction of lung and exocrine pancreas tumors in F344 rats by tobacco-specific
and Areca-derived N-nitrosamines. Cancer Res 48: 6912-6917
Roblero L, Guadarrama A, Lopez T and Zegers-Hochschild F (1996). Effect of
copper ion on the motility, viability, acrosome reaction and fertilizing capacity of
human spermatozoa in vitro. Reprod Fertil Dev 8: 871-874
Rooban T, Joshua E, Rooban A and Govind GK (2005). Health hazards of
chewing arecanut and products containing arecanut. Calicut Medical Journal 3:
e3
Rosin MP (1984). The influence of pH on the convertogenic activity of plant
phenolics. Mutat Res 135:1 09-113
(]Ji6fiograpliy 233
Ruby AJ, Kuttan G, Dinesh Babu K, Rajasekharan KN and Kuttan R (1995).
Antitumor and antioxidant activity of natural curcuminoids. Cancer Lett 94: 79-83
Saha I, Chatterji U, Chaudhuri-Sengupta S, Nag TC, Nag D, Banerjee S and
Maiti BR (2007). Ultrastructural and hormonal changes in the pineal-testicular
axis following arecoline administration in rats. J Exp Zool A: Ecological Genetics
and Physiology 307 A: 187 - 198
Sahoo OK, Roy A and Chainy GB (2008). Protective effects of vitamin E and
curcumin on L-thyroxine-induced rat testicular oxidative stress. Chern Bioi
Interact 176: 121-128
Said TM, Ranga G and Agarwal A (2005). Relationship between semen quality
and tobacco chewing in men undergoing infertility evaluation. Fertil Steril 84: 649-
653
Santos MS, Meydani SN, Leka L, Wu D, Fotouhi N, Meydani M, Hennekens CH
and Gaziano JM (1996). Natural killer cell activity in elderly men is enhanced by
beta-carotene supplementation. Am J Clin Nutr 64: 772-777
Saradha B and Mathur PP (2006). Induction of oxidative stress by lindane in
epididymis of adult male rats. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol22: 90-96
Sarma AB, Charkravarti J, Chakraborti A, Banerjee TS, Roy D, Mukherjee D and
Mukherjee A (1992). Evaluation of panmasala for toxic effects on liver and other
organs. Food Chern Toxicol30: 161-163
Sarnyai Z, Shaham Y and Heinrichs SC (2001 ). The role of corticotropin
releasing factor in drug addiction. Pharmacal Rev 53: 209-244
Sassone-Corsi P (2002). Unique chromatin remodeling and transcriptional
regulation in spermatogenesis. Science 296: 2176-2178
Saunders J, Showell GA, Snow RJ, Baker R, Harley EA and Freedman SB
(1988). 2-Methyl-1 ,3-dioxaazaspiro[4,5)decanes as novel muscarinic cholinergic
agonists. J Med Chern 31: 486-491
Scutt A, Meghji S, Canniff JP and Harvey W (1987). Stabilisation of collagen by
betel nut polyphenols as a mechanism in oral submucous fibrosis. Experientia 43:
391-393
(]3i6fiograpfty 234
Selvan RS and Rao AR (1993). Influence of arecoline on immune system: Ill.
Suppression of B cellmediated immune response in mice after short-term
exposure. lmmunopharmacollmmunotoxicol15: 291-305
Selvan RS, Selvakumaran M and Rao AR (1991). Influence of arecoline on
immune system: II. Suppression of thymus-dependent immune responses and
parameter of non-specific resistance after short-term exposure.
lmmunopharmaco. lmmunotoxicol13: 281-309
Serobyan N, Orioyskaya I, Kozlov V and Khaldovanidi SK (2005). Exposure to
nicotine during gestation interferes with the colonization of fetal bone marrow by
hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Stem Cells Dev 14: 81-91
Shah N and Sharma PP (1998). Role of chewing and smoking habits in the
etiology of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF): a case-control study. J Oral Pathol
Med 27: 475-479
Shahabuddin S, Rao AR and Mustafa AS (1980). Effect of arecoline on the
humoral and cell mediated immune responses in mice. Indian J Exp Bioi 18:
1493-1494
Shankaran S, Das A, Bauer CR, Bada HS, Lester B, Wright LL and Smeriglio V
(2004). Association between patterns of maternal substance use and infant birth
weight, length, and head circumference. Pediatrics 114: e226-e234
Sharan RN (1996). Association of betel nut with carcinogenesis. Cancer J 9:
13-19
Sharan RN and Wary KK (1992). Study of unscheduled DNA synthesis following
exposure of human cells to arecoline and extracts of betel nut in vitro. Mutat Res
278: 271-276
Sharma OP (1976). Antioxidant activity of curcumin and extracted compound.
Biochem Pharmacol25: 1811-1812
Shen HM, Chia SE and Ong CN (1999). Evaluation of oxidative DNA damage in
human sperm and its association with male infertility. J Androl 20: 718-723
(]Ji6fiograpfry 235
Shen HM, Chia SE, Ni ZY, New AL, Lee BL and Ong CN (1997}. Detection of
oxidative DNA damage in human sperm and the association with cigarette
smoking. Reprod Toxicol11: 675-680
Shirname LP, Menon MM and Bhide SV (1984). Mutagenicity of betel quid and its
ingredients using mammalian test systems. Carcinogenesis 5: 501-503
Shirname LP, Menon MM, Nair J and Bhide SV (1983). Correlation of
mutagenicity and tumorigenicity of betel quid and its ingredients. Nutr Cancer 5:
87-91
Shiromizu K and Mattison DR (1984). The effect of intraovarian injection of
benzo(a)pyrene on primordial oocyte number and ovarian aryl hydrocarbon
[benzo(a)pyrene] hydroxylase activity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol76: 18-25
Shiverick KT and Salafia C (1999). Cigarette smoking and pregnancy 1: ovarian,
uterine and placental effects. Placenta 20: 265-272
Shklar G and ~chwartz J (1993). Oral cancer inhibition by micronutrients: the
experimental basis for clinical trials. Oral Oncol Eur J Cancer 298: 9-16
Singh A and Rao AR (1995}. Effect of arecanut, a masticatory, on hepatic drug
metabolizing enzymes - SH content and lipid peroxidation in lactating mothers
and their suckling neonates. Cancer Lett 92: 175 - 180
Singh NP and Stephens RE (1998}. X-ray induced DNA double-strand breaks in
human sperm. Mutagenesis 13: 75-79
Singh NP, Muller CH and Berger RE (2003). Effects of age on DNA double
strand breaks and apoptosis in human sperm. Fertil Steril 80: 1420-1430
Sinha A and Rao AR (1985a). Embryotoxicity of betel nuts. Toxicology 37: 315-
326.
Sinha A and Rao AR (1985b). Induction of shape abnormality and unscheduled
DNA synthesis by arecoline in the germ cells of mice. Mutat Res 158: 189-192
Sipowicz MA, Amin S, Desai D, Kasprzak KS and Anderson LM (1997).
Oxidative DNA damage in tissues of pregnant female mice and fetuses caused
ffii6fiograpliy 236
by the tobacco-specific nitrosamine, 4-(methylnitrosamino )-1-(3-pyridyl}-1-
butanone (NNK). Cancer Lett 117: 87-91
Snodderly OM (1995). Evidence for protection against age-related macular
degeneration by carotenoids and antioxidant vitamins. Am J Clin Nutr 62: 1448S-
1461S
Soares Sand Melo MA (2008). Cigarette smoking and reproductive function. Curr
Opin Obstet Gynecol20: 281-291
Soares SR, Simon C, Remohi J and Pellicer A (2007). Cigarette smoking affects
uterine receptiveness. Hum Reprod 22: 543-547
Sofikitis N, Takenaka M, Kanakas N, Papadopoulos H, Yamamoto Y, Drakakis
P and Miyagawa I (2000}. Effects of cotinine on sperm motility, membrane
function, and fertilizing capacity in vitro. Urol Res 28: 370-375
South West Environmental Protection Agency (1995). Environmental Poisoning
and the law. ISBN 0 951 6073 1 6.
Spencer PS, Bischoff-Fenton MC, Moreno OM, Opdyke DL and Ford RA (1984).
Neurotoxic properties of musk ambrette. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 75: 571-575
Steinmetz KA and Potter JD (1996). Vegetables, fruit, and cancer prevention: a
review. J Am Diet Assoc 96: 1027-1 039
Stepanov I, Hecht SS, Ramakrishnan Sand Gupta PC (2005). Tobacco-specific
nitrosamines in smokeless tobacco products marketed in India. lnt J Cancer
116: 16-19
Stich HF and Stich W (1982). Chromosome-damaging activity of saliva of betel
nut and tobacco chewers. Cancer Lett 15: 193-202
Stich HF, Rosin MP, Mornby AP, Mathew B, Sankaranarayanan Rand Nair MK
(1988). Remission of oral leukoplakias and micronuclei in tobacco/betel quid
chewers treated with ~ -carotene and with ~ -carotene plus vitamin A. lnt J
Cancer42: 195-199
13i6[iograpfry 23 7
Stoichev II, Todorov DK and Christova LT (1993). Dominant lethal mutations and
micronucleus induction in male BALB/c, BDF1 and H mice by tobacco smoke.
Mutat Res 319: 285-292
Stratton K, Shetty P, Wallace Rand Bondurant S (Eds.) (2001). In: Clearing the
smoke, assessing the science base for tobacco harm reduction. Committee to
Assess the Science Base for Tobacco Harm Reduction Board on Health
Promotion and Disease Prevention. Institute of Medicine. National Academy
Press Washington, D.C.
Sundqvist K, Liu Y, Erhardt P, Nair J, Bartsch H and Grafstrom RC (1991).
Areca-nut toxicity in cultured human buccal epithelial cells. IARC Sci Publ 105:
281-285
Sundqvist K, Liu Y, Nair J, Bartsch H, Arvidson K and Grafstrom RC (1989).
Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of areca nut-related compounds in cultured
human buccal epithelial cells. Cancer Res 49: 5294-5298
Surani MAH, Barton SC and Norris ML (1984). Development of reconstituted
mouse eggs suggests imprinting of the genome during gametogenesis. Nature
308:548-550
Surgeon General's Report (2001). U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services
Sushma C and Sharang C (2005). Pan masala advertisements are surrogate for
tobacco products. Indian J Cancer 42: 94-98
Svartberg J and Jorde R (2007). Endogenous testosterone levels and smoking
in men. The fifth Troms~a study. lnt J Androl30: 137-143
Talalay P (1962). Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. In: Methods in Enzymology 5
Clayto RB (Ed). New York:Academic Press: 512-516
Tanaka T, Makita H, Ohnishi M, Hirose Y, Wang A, Mori H, Satoh K, Hara A and
Ogawa H (1994). Chemoprevention of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide-induced oral
carcinogenesis by dietary curcumin and hesperidin: comparison with the
protective effect of 13 -carotene. Cancer Res 54: 4653-4659
(}3i6liograpfzy 238
Tanaka T, Mori H, Fujii M, Takahashi M and Hirono I (1983). Carcinogenicity
examination of betel quid. II. Effect of vitamin A deficiency on rats fed
semipurified diet containing betel nut and calcium hydroxide. Nutr Cancer 4: 260-
266
Taylor DH, Hasselblad V, Henley SJ, Thun MJ and Sloan FA (2002). Benefits of
Smoking Cessation for Longevity. Am J Public Health 92: 990-996
Tejada Rl, Mitchell JC, Norman A, Marik JJ and Friedman S (1984). A test for
the practical evaluation of male fertility by acridine orange (AO) fluorescence.
Fertil Steril 42: 87-91
Terquem A and Dadoune JP (1983). Aniline blue staining of human sperm
chromatin: evaluation of nuclear maturation. In: The sperm cell. Andre J (Ed.)
The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff: London: 249-252
Thayer KA, Ruhlen RL, Howdeshell KL, Buchanan DL, Cooke PS, Preziosi D,
Welshons WV, Haseman J and vom Saal FS (2001 ). Altered prostate growth and
daily sperm production in male mice exposed prenatally to subclinical doses of
17-ethinyl oestradiol. Hum Reprod 16: 988-996
The Global Youth Tobacco Survey Collaborative Group (2002). Tobacco use
among youth: a cross country comparison. Tobacco Control11: 252-270
Thomas KB and Colborn T (1992) Organochlorine endocrine disrupters in human
tissue. In: Chemically induced alterations in sexual functional development: The
Wildlife/Human connection. Colborn T and Clement C (Eds.). Princeton Scientific
Publishing Co., Inc. Priceton, New Jersey: 365-394
Toschke AM, Montgomery SM, Pfeiffer U and von Kries R (2003). Early
intrauterine exposure to tobacco-inhaled products and obesity. Am J Epidemiol
158:1068-1074
Trasler JM and Doerksen T (1999). Teratogen Update: Paternal Exposures
Reproductive Risks. Teratology 60: 161-172
Trend SG and Bruce NW (1989). Resistance of the rat embryo to elevated
maternal epinephrine concentrations. Am J Obstet Gynecol 160: 498-501
illi6fiograpliy 239
Trivedy C, Baldwin D, Warnakulasuriya S, Johnson N and Peters T. (1997).
Copper content in Areca catechu (betel nut) products and oral submucous
fibrosis. Lancet 349: 1447
Tsai YS, Lee KW, Huang JL, Liu YS, Juo SH, Kuo WR, Chang JG, Lin CS and
Jong Y J (2008). Arecoline, a major alkaloid of areca nut, inhibits p53, represses
DNA repair, and triggers DNA damage response in human epithelial cells.
Toxicology 249: 230-237
Tung TH, Chiu YH, Chen LS, Wu HM, Boucher BJ and Chen TH (2004). A
population-based study of the association between areca nut chewing and type
2 diabetes mellitus in men (Keelung Community-based Integrated Screening
programme No.2). Diabetologia 47: 1776-1781
Uma Devi P, Nagarathanam A and Satish Rao BS (Eds.) (2000). Radiation
effects on embryos. In: Introduction to radiation biology. B I Churchill Iivingstone . Pvt. Ltd.:New Delhi: 176-192
Venners SA, Wang X, Chen C, Wang L, Chen D, Guang W, Huang A, Ryan L,
O'Connor J, Lasley B, Overstreet J, Wilcox A and Xu X (2004). Paternal smoking
and pregnancy loss: a prospective study using a biomarker of pregnancy. Am J
Epidemiol 159: 993-1 001
Verma RC, Chansoriya M and Kaul KK {1983). Effect of tobacco chewing by
mothers on fetal outcome. Indian Pediatr 20: 1 05-111
Vogt HJ, Heller WD and Borelli S (1986). Sperm quality of healthy smokers, ex
smokers, and never-smokers. Fertil Steril 45: 1 06-11 0
Wang CC, Liu TV, Wey SP, Wang Fl and Jan TR (2007). Areca nut extract
suppresses T-cell activation and interferon-gamma production via the induction of
oxidative stress. Food Chern T oxicol 45: 141 0-1418
Wang SW, Hwang GS, Chen TJ and Wang PS {2008). Effects of arecoline on
testosterone release in rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 295: E497-E504
Wang X, Zuckerman B, Pearson C, Kaufman G, Chen C, Wang G, Niu T, Wise P
H, Bauchner H and Xu X (2002). Maternal cigarette smoking, metabolic gene
polymorphism, and infant birth weight. JAMA 287: 195-202
r.Bi6fiograpfzy 240
Wary KK and Sharan RN (1988). Aqueous extract of betel-nut of north-east
India induces DNA-strand breaks and enhances rate of cell proliferation in vitro.
Effects of betel-nut extract in vitro. J Cancer Res Clin Oneal 114: 579-582
Washington WJ, Wilson A, Lyons C, Dennie D, Schooler S, Parham S, Baxter L,
Shanklin C and Herron C (1989). Lack of Toluene induced dominant lethals in
rats. Ohio J Sci 89: 2-4
Weinberg CR, Wilcox AJ and Baird DD (1989). Reduced fecundability in women
with prenatal exposure to cigarette smoking. Amer J Epidemiol 129: 1 072-1 078
Wen CP, Cheng TY, Lin C-L, Wu H-N, Levy DT, Chen L-K, Hsu C-C, Eriksen MP,
Yang H-J and Tsai SP (2005). The health benefits of smoking cessation for adult
smokers and for pregnant women in Taiwan. Tob Control14: i56-i61
Wenke G and Hoffmann D (1983). A study of betel quid carcinogenesis. 1. On
the in vitro N-nitrosation of arecoline. Carcinogenesis 4: 169-172
Whyatt RM, Jedrychowski W, Hemminki K, Santella RM, Tsai WY, Yang K and
Perera FP (2001). Biomarkers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-DNA damage
and cigarette smoke exposures in paired maternal and newborn blood samples
as a measure of differential susceptibility. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 10:
581-588
Winders SE and Grunberg NE (1989). Nicotine, tobacco smoke and body
weight: A review of the animal literature. Ann Behav Med 11 : 125-133
Winders SE and Grunberg NE (1990). Effects of nicotine on body weight, food
consumption and body composition in male rats. Life Sci 46: 1523-1530
Winn LM, Kim PM and Wells PG (1998). Investigation of the tobacco-specific
carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone for in vivo and iln
vitro murine embryopathy and embryonic ras mutations. J Pharmacal Exp Ther
287: 1128-1135
Wongcharoen W and Phrommintikul A (2009). The protective role of curcumin in
cardiovascular diseases. lnt J Cardiol133: 145-151
World Health Organization (WHO) (1997). The global burden of reproductive
health. Progress in Human Reproduction Research 42:2-3.
13i6fiograpfry 241
World Health Organization (WHO) (1991). Infertility- A tabulation of available data
on prevalence of primary and secondary infertility. Geneva, WHO Programme on
Maternal and Child Health and Family Planning, Division of Family Health
Wyrobek AJ and Bruce WR (1975). Chemical induction of sperm abnormalities in
mice. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 72: 4425-4429
Wyrobek AJ, Gordon LA, Burkhart JG, Mary FM, Kapp Jr RW, Letz G, Mailing
HV, Topham JC and Whorton MD (1983). An evaluation of the sperm morphology
test and other sperm tests in non- human mammals. Mutat Res 115: 1- 72
Yang JA, Huber SA and Lucas ZJ (1979). Inhibition of DNA synthesis in cultured
lymphocytes and tumor cells by extracts of betel nut, tobacco and miang leaf,
plant substances associated with cancer of the ororespiratory epithelium.
Cancer Res 39: 4802-4809
Yang MS, Chang FT, Chen SS, LeeCH and Ko YC (1999). Betel quid chewing
and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes among aborigines in southern Taiwan.
Public Health 113: 189-192
Yang MS, Chung TC, Yang MJ and Hsu TY (2001). Betel quid chewing and risk
of adverse birth outcomes among aborigines in eastern Taiwan. J Toxicol Environ
Health A 64: 465-472
Yang NY, Kaphle K, Wang PH, Jong DS, Wu LS and Lin JH (2004). Effects of
aqueous extracts of "Betel quid" and its constituents on testosterone production
by dispersed mouse interstitial cells. Am J Chin Med 32: 705-715
Yauk CL, Berndt ML, Williams A, Rowan-Carroll A, Douglas GRand Stampfli MR
(2007). Mainstream tobacco smoke causes paternal germ-line DNA mutation.
Cancer Res 67: 5103-5106
Yoshinaga K (1995). Surges of interest and progress in implantation research: an
overview. In: Molecular and Cellular Aspects of Periimplantation Processes. Dey
SK (Ed). Sereno Symposia, USA. New York:Springer-Verlag. 15-24
Younoszai MK, Peloso J and Haworth JC (1969). Fetal growth retardation in rats
exposed to cigarette smoke during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 104: 1207-
1213
(}3i66ograpliy 24 2
Zenzes MT (1995). Cigarette smoking as a cause of delay in conception.
Reprod Med Rev 4: 189-205
Zenzes MT (2000). Smoking and reproduction: gene damage to human
gametes and embryos. Hum Reprod Update 6: 122-131
Zenzes MT, Puy LA, Bielecki R and Reed TE (1999). Detection of
benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide-DNA adducts in embryos from smoking couples:
evidence for transmission by spermatozoa. Mol Hum Reprod 5: 125-131
ZiniA, Phillips S, Courchesne A, Boman JM, Baazeem A, Bissonnette F, Kadoch
IJ and Gabriel MS (2009}. Sperm head morphology is related to high
deoxyribonucleic acid stainability assessed by sperm chromatin structure assay.
Fertil Steril91: 2495-2500