Bibliography of Tu 00 Ash b Rich

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mf^m^pm^%^^m^PREFACE

*F the four North African kingdoms, or provinces, knowncollectively as the Barbary States, none is of greaterinterest, historical or archaeological, than the Bcylik ofTunis.

Here flourished Utica and Carthage, which in turn dominatedthe then known world until both succumbed to the eagles of Rome.Connected 'with them may be mentioned the names of Apulciusthe two Catos, TertuUianus, Saints Augustin, Cyprien, and Victor.

Noble ruins still attest the former splendour and opulence ofsuch cities as Bulla Regia, Hadrumetum, Sufetula, Thugga. Theamphitheatre of Thysdrus, second only in size and grandeur tothe Colosseum at Rome, is even now but partially destroyed.The plains of Oued Melian and Oued Medjerda are yet spannedby the stupendous aqueduct constructed by the Emperor Hadrianto bring the water of Zaghouan to Carthage.

In the heart of Tunisia the Arab conqueror Okbah fi.Kcd hisKairouan, which became, after Mecca, the most holy city of theMohammedan world.At Tunis the last crusade came to an end with the death ofLouis IX. ; and Barbarossa was there overthrown by Charles V.Our own Queen Caroline, attended by Count Bergamy, visitedTunis ; and there expired the author of ' Home, sweet home.'

In the vicinity of Gabes one strikes the great inland sea, whichhas so much occupied the attention of engineers of the present day.

Tunisia offers, then, a rich field for the arcliaeologist, the iiis-torian, and the man of science, and a bibliography of the country(albeit an imperfect one) may be found useful.This compilation, or the part of it comprised between thepages 7 and 79, originally appeared in Travels in Tunisia (seep. 97 post). In offering it as a separate publication, and as an


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PREFACE.humble member of that series of bibliographies which, thanks tothe energy, devotion, and learning of Sir R. Lambert Playfairwill soon include all the Barbary States,* we have added a secondpart, comprising many books and articles formerly omitted, eitherintentionally or through oversight, and bringing it down to thepresent day.f

The following Bibliography comprises :(i), Books on Car-thage and Utica, with their history and archjeology ; (2), Bookson Tunisia, or on towns or separate districts of that country(3), Books partly on Tunisia ; (4), Books on the Barbary States(when Tunisia is included) and their piracies ; (5), Articles inSocieties' Transactions, Collections of Travels, Encyclopaedias,Magazines, and other periodicals ; (6), Dictionaries and Manualsof Conversation in the Arab language ; (7), A few books notspecially on Tunisia, but illustrating indirectly the religion, cus-toms, antiquities, or language, ancient or modern, of that country ;(8), Consular Reports ; (9), Some works of the imagination : novels,dramas, and poems.

The Bibliography is neither descriptive, nor critical ; i.e., we havenot attempted to follow the books noted through their severaleditions, to indicate their typographical or iconographical peculi-arities, or even to analyse their contents ; occasionally, however,we have appended a short note to an important or speciallyuseful work.

For the works which have not passed through our hands we areindebted to the following publications :

BiUiographie carthaginoise, par E. de Sainte Marie, Paris, Jourdan, 1875.8vo. The same appears in ' Recueil des Notices et Memoires de la Societearchtologique du Departement de Constantine,' xvii., 69-110. Severelynoticed in ' Litterarisches Centralblatt,' May 20, 1876. M. de Sainte Mariewas Premier Dragoman du Consulat de France k Tunis.

Essai de Bibliographie iunisienne, ou Indication des principaux ouvragespublies en France sur la Regcncc de Tunis, par A. Demarsy, Paris, 1869. Svo.* His Bibliography of Algeria has already taken its place as a standard work.We beg here to offer him our thanks for permitting us to go through the proof

sheets of his Bibliography of Tripoli, as it passed through the press ; and wemay add that the MS. of a Bibliography of Morocco is in a forward state.t It would of course have been better to recast the whole work. }>utbibliography is, at least in this country, its own reward, and expense had to beconsidered. The composition of the first 79 pages existed, and we used it as itstood. The index which we have added, knitting together as it does both parts,will materially facilitate reference.


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PREFA CE.Bibliographie van Nederlandsche Boeken, Brochures, Kaarlen, etiz. over

Afrika door Prof. P.J. Veth en Dr. C. M. Kan, Utrecht, J. L. Bcijers, 1876.8vo., pp. 98 and i p. unnumbered.

Die Afrik-Literatur in der Zeit von 1500 bis 1750 N. Ch., ^-'c, von Dr.Philipp Paulilschkc, Wien, Brockhausen & Briiuer, 18S2.

Biblioihiqiie asiatique et africaine, ou catalogue des ouvrages relatifs d.I'Asie et d VAfrique qui ont paru depuis la d^couverte de Vimprimeriejusqu'en 1700, par H. Tcrnaux-Compans, Paris, 1841. 8vo.

Bibliographie des Ouvrages relatifs a FAfrique et d. fArable. Cataloguemt'thodique de tons Ics ouvrages frani;ais et des principaux en langues^trangires traitant de la geographic, de I'histoire, du commerce, des lettres,et des arts de VAfrique et de VArabic, par Jean Gay, San Kcmo, chezJ. Gay & fils ; Paris, chez Maisonneuve & Cie. 1875.* 8vo., pp. xi. and312, double cols.

Bibliographie d'Ouvrages ayant trait h VAfrique en general dans ses rapportsavec Vexploration &= la civilisation de ces contri'es depuis le commencement deVimprimeriejusquW tios jours, precede dun indicateur par Gabriel Kayser,Propridte de I'Auteur, Bruxelles, 1887. 8vo., pp. xv., 176.A Bibliography of Algeria, from the Expedition of Charles V. in 1541 to1886, by Sir R. Lambert Playfair, K.C.M.G., H.M. Consul-General forAlgeria and Tunis, dr'c. (Published by the Royal Geographical Society ofLondon.)

The Bibliography of The Barbary States. Part I. Tripoli and TheCyrenacia {with a Map), by Sir Lambert Playfiir, K.C.M.G., S^c. 8vo.pp. 58.

Biblijtheca Geographica. Verzeichniss der sell der Mitie des vorigen Jahr-hunderts bis zu Ende des Jahres 1856 in Deutschland erschienenen Werkeiiber Geographic und Reisen mit Einschluss der Landkartcn, Plane undAnsichten. Herausgeben von Wilhelm Engelmann. Mit einem ausfiihrlichenSiKh- Register. Leipzig, W. Engelmann, 1858. 8vo., pp. vi. and 1225.A most useful and carefully executed compilation.

Classified Catalogue of the Library of the Royal Geographical Society, toDecember 1870, London, John Murray, 187 1. 8vo.Bibliotheca Britannica ; or, a General Index to British and ForeignLiterature. By Robert Watt, M.D. Edinburgh, A. Constable & Co. ;London, Longman & Co., 1824. 4 vols.

Catalogue general de la Librairie fran^aise pendant 25 ans (1840-1865)rifdigd par Otto Lorem, Paris, O. Lorenz, 1867-1880. 8vo., 8 vols. Alsothe continuation to 1885. 3 vols.* Gay's compilation being based upon : Bibliographie de la France, journal

gineral de Vimprimerie et de la librairie; Bibliographic des Ouvrages relatifs d.I'Amour, aux Femmes, b'c.; Catalogue des Accroissements de la Biidiotli^ueRoyale, Bruxelles, 1843; Catalogue des Livres de la Bibliothique de Grenoble;Catalogue de M. le Due de la Valliere, Paris, 1783; Nouveau Uictionnairehistorique portcUif &'c., par une SociM de Gens de Lettres, Amsterdam, 1771Polybiblion; and the works of MM. Barbier, Bouillet, Bourquelot, Brunet, Eug.Hatin, Peignot, Qudrard, Van Hulthem, Vapereau, and Walckenaer; thoseauthorities have not been again consulted.


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PREFACE.Index to the British Catalogue of Books published during the years 1837 to

1857 inclusive. Compiled by Sampson Low, London, Sampson Low & Co.,1858. Vol. ii., 1856 to Jan. 1876 ; vol. iii., Jan. 1874 to Dec. 1880.A Subject Inde.x to the Modern Works added to the Library of the BritishMuseum in the years 1880-1885. Compiled by C. K. Fortcscue, Super-intendent of the Reading-room, British Museum. Printed by Order of theTrustees, &c., London, 1886.An Index to Periodical literature by W. F. Poole, LL.D. Third Edition.Boston, J. R. Osgood & Co. ; London, Tnibner & Co., 1SS2. Large 8vo.pp. 1442. Also First Supplement, 1888.

7idex to Harper's Neiu Mop.thly Magazine, vols. i. tol.xx. Inclusive fromJune, 1850, to June, 1885. Compiled by Charles A. Durfec, New YorkHarper & Bros., 1886.

Index to The Archceological Journal, &-'c., vols. i. to xxv. London,MDCCCLXXVIII.

Index to theJournal ofthe British Archceological Association, vols. i. to xxx.By Walter de Gray Birch, F.R.S.L. London, mdccclxxv.An Index to the Archeologia : or Miscellaneous Tracts relating to Antiquity,from vol. i. to vol. L. inclusive. Published by the Society of Antiquaries ofLondon. London : Printed by Nichols & Sons, mdccclxxxix. 4to.

Bibliographic dramatique, ou Tablettes alphabetiques du Theatre des diversesnations, Sf^c. Par Ant. Fr. Delandine, Paris, Renouard. Svo., no date.

Biographia Dramatica ; or, a Companion to the Playhouse, D. E. Baker,Isaac Reed, Stephen Jones, London, Longman, 1812. 8vo., 3 \ol3., vol. i in2 parts.A Dictionary of Old English Plays, &^c. ByJames O. Halliicell, London,J. R. Smith, M.DCCCLX.

Catdlogo bibliogrdfico y biogrdfico del Teatro Antiguo Espahol dcsde susorlgines hasta mediados del Siglo xviii, por D. Cayetano Alberto de laBarrera y Leirado, Madrid, M. Rivadeneyra, 1 860.

Bibliothique Dramatique de Monsieur De Soleinne, Catalogue redige parP. L.Jacob, Paris, Administration de I'Alliance des Arts, 1843. Svo., 6 vols.

Bibliothique Musicale du Theatre de r Opera. Catalogue Historique, Chro-nologique, Anecdotique, ^'c, rMigi par Theodore de Lajarte, &-v. ParisLibrairie des Bibliophiles, M DCCC LXXVIll. Svo. 2 vols.

Notes and Queries, London.L'Intermedtaire des Chercheurs et Curieux, Paris.Le Livre, revue du monde litteraire, Paris, Quantin.Bulletin des Sommaires des Journaux scientifiques, economiques, litteraircs

financiers, artistiques, politiques, industriels, &^c. Paris, Rue Beaunier, 44.The first number of this useful publication appeared Oct. 11, 1888.

And the excellent trade catalogues of M. Challamel aine, and ofM. A. Barbier, of Paris.We have endeavoured, especially in the second part, to render

as complete as possible the references to Consular Reports. Com-


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PREFACE. 5mercial statistics, little demanded by the traveller (for whose usethe first part was compiled), arc of great importance to the statis-tician, historian, and politician, and wc have gone through thefollowing official collections :Bulletin Consulaire Francais. Recueil des Rapports commcrciaux adresses

an Ministrc des Affaires ^Irangires par Ics Agents diplotnatiques et consul-aires de France d VStranger. Paris, Imp. Nat. Large 8vo. Publicationcominencing 1877.

Bolktiino Consolare pubblicato per cura del Ministero per gli Ajfari Esterid'ltatia, Torino, 1861, Dalla Tip. de G. B. Paravia e Coiiip. 8vo. Pub-lished subsequently at Rome. In January, 1888, the title was changed toBoUettino del Ministero degli Affari Esteri.

Royaume de BelgiqueRecueil Consulaire publie en e.xicution de Varretcroyal du 15 Novembre 1855, Bruxclles, H. Tarlier, 1856. Published latterlyby C. Muquardt.

Verzameling van Consulaire en andere Berigten en verslagen over Nijver-heid, Handel en Scheepvaart, uitgegeven door het Ministcrie van Buiten-landsche Zaken. Jaargang 1874. 'S Gravenhage, van Weeldenen Mingelen.1875. In course of publication.

Nachriehten iiber Industrie, Handel und Verkehr aus dein StatistichenDepartement im K. K. Handels-Ministerium, Wien.

Commercial Relations of the United States. Reportsfrom the Consuls of theUnited States on the Commerce, Manufactures, Q^c, of their Consular Dis-tricts, S^c. Washington ; Government Printing Office. The publicationbegan in 1880.

Junta de Arancelcs y de ValoracionesMemorias Comerciales redactadas forel Cuerpo Consular de Espana en el Exiranjero Madrid Imprenta delBoletin de Obras Publicas 5 Cabestreros 5. 13 vols., beginning 1876. Thefirst eight volumes are headed Direccion General de Aduanas.

Berdttelser om Handel och Sjofart ar iS-;8frein de Forcnadc Rihenas Kon-suler. 1879, Stockholm, Samson & Wallin ; Chrisliania, Alb. Cammer-meyer. *

Norges Officielle Statistik. Ny Rce.kke udgiren i aaret i88f. C. No. 16.[Tidtigere C. A'o. 3a.) Uddrag of Aarsberetninger fra de forenede RigersKonsuler for Aaret 1880. Udgivne efter Foranstaltning af Departementetfordetlndre. Christiania, Trykt i Ringvolds Bogtrykkeri. 1881.*

Relatorios dos Consules de Portugal acerca do Commercio em geral colligidose pubiicados par ordcm do Ministerio dos Negocios Estrangeiros, Lisboa,Imprensa Nacional, 1870.

Republica Argentina. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. Boletin Men-sual. Buenos Aires. Imprenta de Juan A. Alsina, M^.xico, 1422 (antes634). 1889. The sixth year of the publication.* These two collections contain the same reports in different languages.The Berdttelser began two years earlier than the Uddrag, and the reports are

signed by the respective Consuls, which is not the case in the Uddrag.


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PREFACE.For current events we need scarcely add that Palmer's Index to

the Times will be found useful.The arrangement is alphabetical, by authors' names ; * publi-

cations, however, of which we have been unable to ascertain theauthorship, will be found under the heading Anonymous, and these\\c have, in order to facilitate reference, subdivided, and arranged,as far as was practicable, chronologically.

We would indicate the following twenty works as sufficient forthe purpose of the traveller or general reader :

A. M. Broadley: The Last Punk War (p. 222, post).A. Daux: Jie-cherches sur Vorigine et Vemplacement des emporia pheniciens (p. 229).Dr. N. Davis: Carthage and her Remains (p. 229).Dureau DE lvMaLLE : Recherches sur la Topographie de Carthage (p. 232).El-Bekri :Description de FAfriqice (p. 233).El-EdRISI : Commentatio de GeographiaAfrica (p. 233). V. Gui;RIN : Voyage archcologiqiie (p. 239). ComteD'HERISSON: Relation d'tine mission archeologique en Tunisie (p. 242).E. VON Hesse - Wartegg : Tunis: Land iind Leute (p. 242). Ibn-Khaldoun : Histpire de lA/rigue (p. 243). Leo Africanus : TotiusAfrica Discriptionis (p. 248).Marmol : Descripcion de Africa (p. 252).E. Pellissier : Description de la Regence de Tunis (p. 256).Peyssonnelet Desfontaines : Voyages dans les Regences de Tunis et d'Alger (p. 257).Sir R. L. Playfair: Travels in the Footsteps of Bruce (p. 257).AbbePoiret : Voyage en Barbarie (p. 258). Baron Alphonse Rousseau :Annates ti/nisie?ines (p. 264). Dr. ThOS. Shaw : Travels (p. 268).R. BoswoRTH Smith: Carthage and the Carthaginians (p. 269). SirGrenville Temple: Excursions in the Mediterranean (p. 271).* We have experienced some difficulty in placing correctly and consistently

the Arab writers : firstly, because their name system differs so widely from ours ;and secondly, by reason of their names having been imported into Europeanlanguages, with spellings dictated by the nationality or caprice of the translatorsor compilers. To offer a single e.xample : A man known s.% fohn, son offames,fat/.er (f George, the Londoner, inhabitant ofManchester, would evidently suggesdifficulties as to his proper alphabetical position ; when novi fohn is suppressed,and the individual is known as the son offames, or as the father of George, oras the Londoner simply, the difficulty is augmented. Further, the prefixes at orel, ebn or ibn, are written either way indiscriminately, and the same sound ina name will be rendered by a c, a g, or a k, as the translator may think fit. Wehave been constrained, then, to copy the names as they are given in the bookswe have noted, and to adopt the arrangement introduced by our predecessors ;in our alphabetical headings, however, we have invariably employed one andthe same spelling for the same prefix, e.g., el not at, ibn not ebn, so that theArab writers cited will generally appear under those prefixes, as El-Bekri,El-Edrisi, Ibn-Hau/cat, Ibn-Khaldoun, &c.


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BIBLIOGRAPHY.Abelus, Mgr. : Vie de St. Vincent de

Aj///, Paris, 1S39. 8vo. St. Vincentde Paul was enslaved at Tunis in1667. Consult also : I.cttrcs deSaint Vincent de Paul, Paris, iSSo.4 vols., 8vo.Abu Sa'ID, Capitaine: Le Maraboutde Sidi-Fat-Allah, Episode de VIn-surrection tunisienne en 1881, Paris,1884. i2mo., pp. 278.

Adanson. See DOUMET-ADANSON.Addison, Joseph : Cato; a Tragedy.The scene is a large hall in theGovernor's palace at Utica. See alsoDampmartin.

(Aguii.ar, El Alfcrez Pedro de) :Memorias del Cautivo en La Caletade Tunes, del Original en poder deTyssen Amhurst, Esq'% de Didling-ton Hall, Norfolk. Publicolo LaSociedad de Biblidfilos Espanoles,Madrid, 1875. 8vo., pp. x.t. and 314-

' We have here,' writes Senor Paacualde Gayangos in the Introduction, 'anoriginal and extremely curious book, inwhich a Spanish soldier, a captive inBarbary and Constantinople, relates withsimplicity and in prose mixed with versethe events, now prosperous now adverse,of which he was witness ; his own adven-tures of love and fortune, his campaignsagainst the Moors of Alpujarras, and,finally, the loss of the Goleta of Tunis,from which he dates the loss of his ownliberty. ' The volume contains, inter alia,the description and origin of Tunis ; anaccount of the island of Estaiio, or Es-tanque, three miles distant from Tunispoems on the loss of the Goleta, of thefort of Tunis, and of the island of Estano ;and Kclacion de Don Joan Zanoguera

hecha d el Semr Don Joan (of Austria)del Suceso de La Goleta y Fiierle deTihuzy Isla del Eslaho. Although theoriginal MS. has neither title nor nameof aiithor, Seiior Gayangos does not hesi-tate to attribute it to Pedro de Aguilar,the friend mentioned by Cervantes in hisNovcla del Cautivo.

Aguilera : Chronica y Recopilacionde varios Succesos de Guerra que hanacontecido en Italia y paites de Le-vantey Berberia, desde que el TttrcoSelin rumpio con e Vnecianos, Cara-goga, 1579- 4to.AlLLY, Baron d' : Sur unc Medailleinedite de Leptis, art. in ' Revue Nu-mismatique Frangaise,' sdrie i, vi.,349-Alix : Le Dromadaire tumsien, art.in ' Science ef Nature,' Oct. 3, 1885.

Allemand-Lavigerie, C. M. SecLavigerie.

Amari, M. : / Diploma/i arabi delreale archivio fiorcntino, Firence,Lemonnier, 1863. 4to.A work to be consulted, says M-' A.Demarsy, on the history of Tunisiandiplomacy.AmBERT, G^ndral ; Tunis et Carthage,art. in ' Univers,' August 25, 1881.

Ameilhon, H. P. : lilt'inoire sur uneInscription sur une plaque de cuivretrouvt'e A Tunis, art. in ' Menioiresde I'Acaddmie des Inscriptions,' 1 789xlix., 501.

ANDRi,M.,Conseiller!ilaCourd'Appeld'Alger : Album africain, recueil decartes, plans, vues, gravures, litho-graphies, dessins, aquarelles, etc., re-


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BIBLIOGRAPHY.prisentant les sites, les evSnements,les personnages, les 7?ioiui?i!ciits, lesmceurs et coutinnes de I'Algerie et diilittoral de la Mediterranee mustil-mane, recueilUes par M. Andre,Alger, 1852, Fol. 3 vols. Tunis iscontained in the third vol.

Andreucci, F. See Galeotti.Angel, Fr. Pierre : Les Frcres des

Ecoles chretienrics a Tunis, arts, in' CEuvres des Ecoles d'Orient,' Nov.1S71 and January 1873.Angville, B. d'. See Bourguinon.

Anti.\s, Valerius. See Friedrich.AntiCHAN, p. H. : La Tunisie autre-fois et aujourd'liui, Paris, Delagrave,1884. 8vo., pp. 298.

Antinori, Or.\zzio : Lettere sicllaTunisia, Firenze, 1867. 8vo.La Quistione Tunisiana, Firenze,1 868. 8vo., pp. 39-

Antoninus, Augustus : ItinerariumA. Augitsti, ed. G. Parthey andM. Pinder, Berlin, 1848. 8vo.

Appianus : Romanariim HistoriartimPunica, Parthica, etc., gr. et hit. cumannotation. Henr. Stephani, Sr'c.,Geneva?, 1592. Fol.

Hoc in voliiniine continentiirBelliim Carthag. Syr. Part, et Mith-ridaf. in vulgare sermone {du A Is.Braccid), Roma, Euch. Silber, 1502.Fol. There are translations intoEnghsh,French, Spanish, Italian,&c.

Apuleius : (Euvrcs completes d'Apii-lee,traauites en Fran-;ais par VictorBitolaua, &r>c., Pai-is, Gamier frferes,1883. 8vo. 2 vols. The Latin textis given at foot of the page. Speaksof Carthage in the time of Apuleius,and pronounces an eulogy on thecity and its inhabitants.Archinard, Commandant. SeeRambaud.

Ar^ne, Paul : VingtJours en Tunisie,Paris, Lemerre, 1884. ' In-18 jesus,'pp. 300. Favourably noticed in ' LeLivre, Oct. 1884, p. 634,

Arene, Paul : Vingt Jours en Tu-7iisie, art. in ' Nouvelle Revue,' Oct.I, 1883.

Voyage a Kairouan, art. in' Science et Nature,' June 28, 1884.

Une Mosguee a Kairouan. Idem,July 26, 1884.Aretinus (or Brunus Leonardus) :Libro chiamcito de la Prima GucrraPunica qualfo tra Romani et Carta-ginesi, composto de . . Leonardo Are-tino, prima in latino, poi in linguamaterna. 4to., 86 if., 27 lines per page.Also as :

Bisto?-ia delta Gucrra delli Car-thaginesi con gli Romani, composia?tella Lingua I.atina, e fatta volgaredaun suo Amico,Vueme, 1528. 8vo.The Latin version, printed later, isentitled :De Bella Punico Libri II. opusrecens editum {per Bern. Magnoal-dum Vindam), Augustas-Vindelicor,1537. 4to.Aristoteles : De Politica Cartha-giniensium, gr. lex lum critice recog-novit . . F. G. Kluge : accedit Theod.Mctocliitce descriptio Republ. Cartha-gin. cum notis criticis, V^ratislaviae,Max, 1823. 8vo. Extracted fromBook IV. of the ' Politica,' of whichthere are translations into the chiefmodern languages.Arnauld D'ANDiLLy,R. See Victor.

Arnold, Thomas, D.D. : The SecondPunic War: being Chapters of theHistory ofRome. By the late ThomasArnold, D.D. Edited by W. T.Arnold, M.A. London, Macmillan& Co. 1886. Crown 8vo., 8 maps.

Arvieux, Chevalier d'. See Lab.'^t.AUBE, B. r VEglise d'Afrique et sespretnieres epreiives sous le regne deSeptime Severe, art. in ' Revue His-torique,' Nov. 1879.

AUCAPITAINE, Baron HENRI : Croco-diles de I'Oued Takmalet, dans leSahara tunisicn, art. in ' Nouvelles


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BIBLIOGRAPHY.Annalcs des Voyages,' i860, i., 232to 234.

AVECIO, LEONARD DE : Livre dcs Ba-taillcs de Carthage. Noted by Gay(art. 1397) as follows : 'Trad, enfranqais I'an 1542 et dcdie Ji CharlesV 11. roi de France. In-fol. Romande chevalerie, manuscrit du xv".si^clc, sur papier. Au bas de lapremiere page on lit I'inscriptionsuivante : " Cest livrc dcs batailksde Carthage . . 1584." (Archives dubibliophile, i860, n". 6776, 100 fr.).'

AvEZAC, M. A. P. D'., Membre deI'Institut ; Esquisse gt'nc'rale deI'Afrique, et Afrique attcienne, pp.272, in ' L'Univers Pittoresque,'Paris, Firmin Didot, 1844.

Esquisse Ghu'rale de I'Afrique.Aspect et constitution physique, his-toire naturelle, ethnologic, linguis-tique, t'tat social, histoire, explora-tions, et geographic. Paris, Dondey-Duprd, 1837. i2mo. pp. xii. and 132.Contains, inter alia, short sketchesof : Races africaines septentrionales,Carthage, Rome, Christianisme,Vandales, Byzantins, Conquete desArabes, Epoque des Edrysytes etdes Aghlabytes, Connaissances desPheniciens et des Carthaginois, lic.

Etudes de Geographic critiquesur une partic de PAfrique sepient.Itin&aires de Haggy-ebn-el-Dyti-el-Aghouathy, &=. Paris, 1863. 8vo.,pp. viii. and 1881, map.

Description et histoire de PAfri-que ancienne, pr^ct'di'e d'ttne esquissegenerate de VAfrique. Plates. Paris,1845, 8vo.

Relation d'un Voyage dans Fin-tericur de PAfrique septentrionale,par HhAggy-Ebn-Al-Dyn-el-Eg-houdthy, traduit et annott' par M.d'Avezac, publie dans le 'Bulletinde la Socidte de Geographie,' 2"s^rie, i., 277 et 349 ; ii., 81 et 145,et appendice sur Pemploi de nou-

veaux documents ; iv., 347 ; et v.,144. ' Ce travail renfcrme une ^tudetr6s-compli;te sur la gdographie etles routes de la Rdgence de Tunis.'A. Demarsy.

Bache, E. : Notice sur les dignitc'sromaincs en Afrique; cinquihnesiicle de J. C, 'Rev. Afr.,' 1862, vi.,135-Baedeker, K. : Italy. Handbook forTravellers. Third Part, with Ex-cursions to Tunis, &c. Leipzig,Karl Baedeker ; London, Dulau &Co., 1887. Small Svo. with a map ofTunis and its environs.

Balduinus. See Baudouin.Baraban, L., Inspecteur des Forets :En Tunisie, Notes de Voyage, arts, in

the 'Revue des Eaux et Forets,' 1886.A Travers la Tunisie, Etudessur les Oasis les Dunesles Foretsla Flore et la Geologic, Ouvrageavec carte et vignettes, Paris,]. Roths-child, 1887. 8vo., pp. viii. and 227.Barbe Patterson, Mme. : Chipsfrom Tunis, London, Hachette &Co. 1885. 8vo. Favourably noticedin ' Saturday Review,' Dec. 26, 1885.

Barbier, J. V. : Algerie, Tunisie ctSahara central, Paris, 1881, map.Barbier de Meynard : Rapport sur

des Inscriptions arabes provenantde Mehdya, Rcgence de Tunis, art.in 'Acadcmie des Inscriptions etBelles-Lettres,' 1883.

Marabouts et Khouan, art. in'Journal des Savants,' Dec. 1S84.

E.xploration arclu'ologique entre-priseen Tunisie par M. Basset, com-munication to 'Academie des In-scriptions et Belles-Lettres,' sdancedu 12 aout, 1887.

Bard, Le Chevalier : Voyage d't'tudesde Tunis A Gibraltar par PAfriquefran^aise. Vienne, 1853, Svo.

Bard, Joseph : L'AlgMe en 1854.Itimh-aircgeneral de Tunisii Tanger;


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BIBLIOGRAPHYcolonisation, paysages, inotnimcnts,culte, agriculture, S-'f. Paris, 1854.8vo., pp. 251, I plate.

BARGfes, Abbe J. J. L. : Temple deBaal cL Marseille, ou grande In-scriptionphenicienne ddcouverte danscette ville en 1845 expliquie, Paris,1847. 8vo.

Aperqu historique sur I'Eglised'Afrigue en gJnJral, Paris, 1848.Svo.

M^moire sur deux Inscriptionspuniqucs di'couvertes dans File duport Coition d. Carthage, Paris, 1849.4to. Illustrated.

Meinoire sur 39 Inscriptions pu-niques c.vpliqiices, Paris, 1852. 4to.

Nouvillc Interpretation de I'ln-scription phenicienne dicouverteparM. Mariette dans le S^rapeum deMemphis. Examen critique de Pin-terprHation donnh par M. le due deLvynes, Paris, 1856. Svo.

Inscription phenicienne de Mar-seille, notivelle interpretation, Paris,1858. 4to.Examen d'mte nouvelle Inscrip-tion phMcienne dicouverte riceni-ment dans les ruines de Carthage etanalogue h celle de Marseille, Paris(1868). 4to., pp. 31. One engraving.

Barth, H., Ph.D., D.C.L. : Wander-ungen durch die Kiistenldnder desMiitelmeers, in 1845-1847, Berlin,1849.

Reisen und Entdeckungen inNord- und Centralafrika in denJahren 1849-185 5, Gotha, 1857-58.5 vols. Engravings. The work hasbeen translated into French by PaulIthiar, Bruxelles, 1859-61. 8vo., 4vols. And into English :

Travels and Discoveries inNorth and Central Africa : being aJournal of an Expedition tinder-takcn under the auspices ofH.B.M.^sGovernment in the years 1849- 185 5,London, 1857-59. 8vo., 5 vols, maps

and engravings, same as in theGerman edit.Earth, H., Ph.D., D.C.L. : Idees sur

Ics Expi'ditiojts scientifiques en Af-rique. Paris, 8vo., pp. 19. Extractedfrom 'Bulletin de la Societe de Geo-graphie,' 1872.

Su-ver.il notices concerning Dr. Barthanil his works will be found in Zeit-schrift fill- all^vmeine Eydkiiiule, Berlin,D. Keimer, 1S53. Svo., 6 vols.

Basset, R. See Barrier de Mey-NARD and HOUDAS.Baudouin, FranCjIOIS : Historia Car-

thaginensis Collationis, dr'c., Paris,1566. 8vo. Relates to the contro-versy between Catholics and Dona-tists.

Delibatio Africans Hisloriie Ec-clesiastica, Paris, 1569. 8\'o.

BayLE, Pierre : Hannon, art. of 7cols, in his ' Dictionnaire,' Paris,Desoer, 1820. See also Hanno.Beaulieu. See Leroy-Beaulieu.

Beaussier : Dictionnaire pratiquearabe frati^ais, contenant touts lesmots employes dans I'Arabe parleen Algerie et en Tunisie, ainsi cjuedans le style epistolaire, les piecesusuelles et les actes judiciaires,Alger, 1871. 4to., pp. 764- AlsoAlger, 1873, PP- ^\''- ^"d 776. Bothdouble cols.

BfeLiDOR, Bern. : Sommaire d'unCours d''Architecture militaire, civileet hydraulique, Paris, 1720. i2mo.

Architecture hydraulique, Paris,1737-53. 4to., 4 vols. In both worksthe situation of Carthage is con-sidered.

Bellanger, Ch. : Histoire et Geo-graphic des Colonies de la Franceet des pays place's sous son protec-torat, d'apris les documents les plusr^cents, Paris, V.. 1 tcntii, 1.S86. iSmo.BELLERMANN, J. J. : rh.'nii.iae Li?t-guae Vestigioiiiin in Mc/itensi Speci-men, 1809.


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BIBLIOGRAPHY.Bellermann, J. J. : De rhoenicum etPoenoriim Inscriptionibus cum du-arum Explicationis Periculo, 1810.

Bemerkungen iiber plwnicischcund piinische Mitnzen, 4 Stiicke,1812-16.

Benaiad : Detix Notes du gM/ralMahmoud Benaiad d. son ExcellenceMonsieur le Ministre des Affaires^trangires, accompagnc'es des pikesjustificatives. 1853. 8vo.

Le general Benaid, directcur de labanque de Tunis, fut accuse de concus-sion par son gouvernement ; il se sauvaen France et se fit naturaliser Franijais.Ces deux notes justificatives ont eteecrites par lui au ministre des aflfairesetrang^res de France pour r^clamer sonintervention aupres du gouvernement duBey qui avait mis le S(5questre sur sesliiens.

Benicken : Hannibal, art. of 10 cols,in 'Allgemeine Encyclopadie vonErsch und Gruber,' Leipzig, 1828.

Ber, E. : Exposition tunisicnne, 1855,art. in 'Revue des Deux-Mondes,Bulletin anne.xe,' Nov. i, 1855.

Berbrugger, A. : Voyages dans le sudde PAlgt'rie et des Etats barbarcsquesde roueSt et de Pest, par Al-Aliaci-Moula-Ahmed, traduits par M. Adr.Berbrugger, Paris, Imp. Roy., 1846.In ' L'E.xploration scientifique deI'Algcrie.' See also EL-Ai.\ci.

Projet d''Exploration dans ladeuxihne ligne des Oasis algeriennespar Cabis, Souf, Tougourt, Ouargla,Galea, Touat, et retourpar Metlilietle Ouadi M'Zab, Alger, 1850 8vo.,pp. 3.

Itiniraires arclu'ologigues enTunisie, in 1850, arts, in 'RevueAfricainc,'April,June,and Oct. 1856.These journeys are from Souk-Ahrasto El-Kef and from El-Kef to Tunis;and to Nefta by way of Kairouan.

EAfrique septcntrionale ap>risle partage du Monde Remain enEmpire d'Orient et d'Occident.Idem, i., 81.

Berbrugger, A. : La Polygamiemusulmane, ses causes fatales et lemoyen de la dcUruire. Idem, iii. 254.

Sec also Leo Africanus.Berge, a. de la. See Laberge.Berger, Ph. : Lettres a M. AlexBertrand sur tine nouvelleforme dela Triade carthaginoise, in 'RevueArchdologique,' April, 1884.

Note sur trois cents jiouveauxEx-voto de Carthage, art. in 'Bulletinde I'Academie des Inscriptions etBelles-Lettres,' July, 1886.

Bergk, J. A. See Mayer, H. L.Bernard, Georges : La Mer in-tt'rieure du Commandant Roudaire(see that name), art. in 'RevueLib(5rale,' February, March, 1884.

Bernard, Joseph. See La Faye.Berotius, Jo. : Diarium Expeditio7iis

Tunicice, a Car. V. Imp. susceptce,Lovan, 1549. 8vo.

Berriat, Jacques St. Prix, Docteiiren Droit: Annibald. Carthage, aprlsla bataille de Zama, fragment lu HI'Acadt'mie de Grenoble, le 6 Sept.1805, in ' Magasin Encyclopedique,'1806, vi., 344-Bertherand, E. L. See Phar.\on.

Bescherelle ami, M., et Uevars,M. G. : Grand Dictionnaire deGeographic universelle ancienne etmodernc, b'c. Paris, AdministrationGdndrale, 1856-7. 4to., 4 vols. Con-tains following arts. : Carthage, 5 cols.Carthaginois, I col. ; Tunis, 5 cols.

B^tolaud, V. See Apuleius.Beul6, Ch. Ern., Membre de I'ln-

stitut : Extrait d'uneLettre adressi'ed I'Acadt'mie des Inscriptions etBelles-Lettres, in ' Nouvelles Annalesdes Voyages,' 1859. ii. 259.

Fouilles i\ Carthage, Paris, i860.8vo. Extracted from ' Revue Arche'o-logique.'Fouilles faites d. Carthage auxfrais et sous la direction de M. BeuU,Paris, 1861. 4to., pp. 143.6 illus-


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BIBLIOGRAPHY.trations. Includes the excavationsmade in 1859 and i860 at Byrsa, atthe ports and necropolis of Ouamart.Noticed by A. Jal (see that name).Translated into German, Leipzig,1863.

BiGNAN, Anne : Monument dc Saint-Louis a Tunis, Ode, Paris, 1841.Svo., pp. 16.

BILINTANO, POMPEO : Affricann, nelquale si contcngono Ic gesii e le vic-torie di Carlo V., Napoli, 1536. Svo.Poem.

BiRAGO, J. B., Avogadro : IstoriaAfricana dcUa Divisione dell' Im-perio degli Arabi, &^c., Venezia,1650. 4to. Translated into Frenchby Michel De Pure :

Histoire africaine dc la Divisionde VEmpire dcs Arabcs, S^c, Paris,1666. i2mo.

BiSSON, Leon de: La Tripolitaine etla Tunisie, Paris, Challamel aine,1881. 8vo., pp. 147.

Bizemont, De: La France en Afrique,art. in ' Correspondant,' February 25,1883.

BlakeSLEV, J. W. : Four Months inAlgeria, with a visit to Carthage,Cambridge, 1859. 8vo., maps andengravings.

Blancard, M. Theodore : La Tu-nisie, notes sur le inouvement destroitpes du quartier general, art. in' Revue du Monde Latin,' 1884.

Blaquiere, Edward : Letters fromthe Mediterranean; containing a civiland political account of Sicily, Tri-poli, Tunis and Malta; with Biblio-graphical Sketches, ^-c. London, 1813.Svo. 2 vols. Vol. ii. contains 133pages on Tunis; general notices onGeography, Commerce, and Govern-ment. A German translation :

Briefe aus dem MittelldtidischenMeere, forms vols. xxv. and vi. of' Neue Bibliothek der wichtigstenReisebeschreibungen,' &c., von F. J.

Bertuch,&c. Weimar, 1815-35. 8vo.,65 vols., maps and engravings.Bled de Braine : Cours synthitique,analytique et pratique de la languearabe, ou les dialectes vulgairesafricains d'Alger, de Maroc, deTunis et d'Egypte, enseignes sansmattre, Paris, 1846. 8vo.

Boddy, Rev. Alexander A. : ToKairwdn the Holy ; Scenes in Mo-hammedan Africa, London, K. Paul,Trench, & Co., 18S5. Fost 8vo.,maps and illustrations.

Bodichon, Dr. E.: Tableau synoptiquerepresentant les noms, les emigra-tions, les filiations, I'origine, lescaractcres physiques et nioraux desraces de VAfriqtie septcntrionale,Nantes, 1844. Folio.

Boeswillwald, E. See SissON, T.Botticher, K. a. : Geschichte derKarthager, Berlin, 1827.

Bois, Maurice, Capitaine au 76^Rdgiment d'Infanterie : La Francea Tunis. Expedition franqaise enTunisie (1881-82), prMd^e d'unedescriptio>i geographiqiie et histo-7-ique de la Regence de Timis, Paris,Bardoin, 1885. i2mo., pp. iv. and 160.

BoiSSlfeRE, G. : Esquisse d'une His-toire de la Conqtu-te et de I'Adminis-tration romaine dans le tiord deI'Afrique, et partiailierement dansla province de Numidie, Paris,Hachette, 1878. 8vo.

Bollandus, J. : Acta Sanctorum quot-qtiot toto orbe coluntur, collegit, di-gessit, tiotis illustr. Joan. Bollandus,Sr'c., Anturpije, &c., 1643-58. Fol.,56 vols. A necessary authority con-cerning the martyrs of the Churchof North Africa, and particularly ofCarthage.

Bonnet, Dr. : Les MMecins indigenesdu sud de la Tunisie, art. in 'Journald'Histoire naturelle de Bordeaux etduSud-Ouest.' Analysed in 'Globus,'.xlix., 331.


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BIBLIOGRAPHY. 13Borgia, Conte Ettore : Sopra un

Viaggio scientifico di Camillo Borgianella Rtggcnza di Ttinisi. Letterin ' Bollettino della Societk Geogra-fica Italiana,' Firenze, 1869, fas-cicolo 3, pp. 457 to 459- See Estrup.BORHECK, Aug. Chr. : Netie Erdbe-schreibungvongans A/rika, aus denbes/cn iiltcrn undncuem Hiilfsinittdngesammelt tind bearbdtel, Frankfurta. M., Varrentrapp, 1789-91. Large8vo., 3 vols.

BORZCERI, H. : Abr^gi de VllistoireI'gyptienm des Carthaginois, Gronda,1776. 8vo. Written in French andPolish.

BossAY, P. DE. See Gurin.BOSSOLASCHI d'Almi^Ras : Excursiondu ClubAlpin de Constantine a Tunisel li Carthage, ' Bull. See. Geogr. deConst.,' 1886, 3'^ann., pp. 199-204.

Bougainville, J. P., Membre deI'Acadcmie des Inscriptions, &c. :M^moiresur les Dt'couvertes et Etab-lissemcnts faits le lotig des cotesd'Afrique par Hannon, with mapby Robert de Vaugondi, art. in'Recueil de 1'Academic des Inscrip-tions,' 1759. See also Hanno.

BouiLLET, M. N. : At/as universeld'Histoire et de d'ographie, &--c.,Paris, Hachette & Cie, 1877. 8vo.Consult arts. : ' Afrique et Numidie,'p. 906, and ' Regence de Tunis,'p. 1081.

BOUIN. See CUVILLIER.BouiNAis, Capt. See Rambaud.BOURGADE, Abb(5, Aumonier de

la Chapelle de Saint-Louis & Car-thage : Les Soirt'es de Carthage, ouDialoguesenlre un Pretre catholique,un Muphti et un Cadi, Paris, 1847.Svo.La Clef du Coran,faisant suiteaux 'Soirees de Carthage,' Paris,1852. Svo.

Passage du Coran ci I'^vangile,faisant suite aux ' Soirees de Car-

thage' et A ^ La Clef du Coran,'Paris, 1855. 8vo.

BoURGADE, Abbd, : Baal-Hah {maitrede I'anneau, dest-a- dire Mercure),Paris, 1857. i2mo. Includes twoinscriptions reproduced in the fol-lowing work :

Toison d'Or de la langue phhti-ciennc, recueil d'inscriptionspuniquestrouvt'es sur les ruines de Carthagect sur divers points de la Rc'genccde Tunis, avec la transcription encaractires hcbreux et la traductionen latin et en frani;ais, Paris, 1856.Fol., 21 illustrations.

BOURGUIGNAT, J. R. : Histoire mala-cologique de la Rdgcncc de Tunis,avec une carte des environs de Tuniset une planche, Paris, 1868. 4to.BOURGUINON D'AnGVILLE, J. B. : Gdo-graphie ancienne abrigc'e, Paris,Merlin, 1768. i2mo., 3 vols. Frontis-piece by H. Gravelot, and maps.About 12 pages are given to Car-thage. Reprinted in 1782. In Eng-lish as :

Compendium of Ancient Geo-graphy, &c., London, J. Faulder,&c., 1 8 10. 8vo., 2 vols., maps.

Bovfi, M. Marius : .A. plan of Sbeitlaand nine Roman inscriptions dis-coveredduring the excavations there,1S83-84, in 'Academic des Inscrip-tions et Belles-Lettres, Comptesrendus des Seances,' torn. 12, 1884.

Brainard, Charles H. : JohnHoward Payne; a BiographicalSketch of the Author of ' Home,sweet Home,' with a Narratiie ofthe Removal of his Remains fromTunis to Washington, Washington,1885. 8vo., pp. 144, 8 plates.

Braine. See Bled de Braine.Brakel, V. VAN. See Vavnes vanBrakel.

Brandin, a. V. : Consiilt'rations poli-tiques, historiques, statistiques et hy-gicniques sur le Royaume de Tunif^


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BIBLIOGRAPHY.dans ses rapports avec IVtat actuelde VAlgerie, Paris, 1847. Svo. Seealso ROUX DE ROCHELLE.

Breves, Francois Savary, Sieurde : Relation des Voyages, tant enGrcce, Turqide et Egypte, gu'auRoyaume de Tunis et Alger, avecun Traitsfait en Van 1604 entre leRoy Henry le Grand et VEmpereurdes Tiircs, et trois Discoiirs du ditSieur, le tout recueilli par S. D. C.{Du Castel), Paris, 1628. 4to.Bricard, Le Sieur de : Relation desVoyagesfails a Tliunis par ordre desa Majestc, in 'Arch. Cur. de I'Hist.de France,' Paris, 1834. 2" ?erie, x.,pp. 89 to 97.BROAdley, a. M. : The Last PimicWar, or Tunis Past and Present,Edinburgh, W. Blackwood & Sons,1882. 8vo., 2 vols. This is a well-written book.

Broeckhuysen. See Dan.Browning, Oscar : Carthage, art. of7 cols, in 'Encyclopaedia Britan-nica,' &c. Ninth Edition. Edin-burgh, A. & C. Black, 1876.

Bruce, C. L. C. : Memoir regardingBruce's Journies (sic) ajid Drawingsin North Africa, by C. L. C. Bruce.A. Spottiswoode, London, 1837.8vo., pp. 24.

Bruce, James : Travels to discoverthe Source of the Nile in theyears1768-1773, Edinburgh, I79- 5 vols.,4to. The first chapter contains anarrative of Bruce's journey throughTunisia. Translated into Frenchby J. Castera, Paris, 1790-91. Seealso Playfair.

Brun, Georges : Civitatcs Orbis Ter-rarum, Coloriae, 1572 -161 8. Fol., 6vols. Containsadescription of Tunis,with two views. The same appear in' Theatre des Principals Villes detout I'Univers.' Bruxelles, 1574- Fol->2 vols. The fine engravings aremostly by Franciscus Hohenbergius.

Brunetti, E. See Galeotti.Brunialti, II Dottor A. : // Mare

Saharico e la Spedizionc Italiana inTunisia, 1875, with several woodcuts,in ' Biblioteca di Viaggi,' Milano,Fratelli Treves, 1876. xxxvii., 193to 213.

Algeria, Tunisia e Tripolitania,studio di geogra^a politica sugliultimi aweniinetitiafricani, Milano,t88i. i2mo., map.Brunus Leonardus. SeeARETINUS.Brunzen la M.artiniere: GrandDictionnaire gcographique et cri-tique. La Haye, 1726. Fol.

BucKE, Charles : Ruins of AncientCities; with general andparticularaccounts of their rise, fall, andpre-sent condition. In 2 vols. London,Thomas Tegg, 1840. Small Svo.Contains (vol. i.) Carthage, pp. 215to 237.BURBAUD, Roger : Voles et moycnsde communication en France, enAlgerie et en Tunisie, Paris etLimoges, 1886. 2 vols., i6mo.'Petite Biblioth^que de I'Armeefrangaise.'

Bussy, T. R. de. See Roland deBUSSY.

C^SAR,CaiuS Julius : Commentaries,with the supplemental books attri-buted to Hirtius. Lit. transl. Bohn's' Classical Librar)'.' 1848. 8vo.

Cagnat, R. : Rapport sur une Missionen r?/;m'(i88i-82),art.in 'Archivesdes Missions Scientifiques et Lit-teraires,' Paris, 1885, xi., i to 156,with map of the Gulf of Hammametand eight illustrations.

Explorations epigraphiques etarchSologiques en Tunisie, Paris,1883-84. 8vo., 3 parts.Cagnat et Reinach : Dicouvertes deVilles nouvelles en Tunisie, art. in'Bulletin del'Academie des Inscrip-tions, &c.,' July, 1885.


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BIBLIOGRAPHY. ISCagnat et Saladin : Voyage en

Tunisie, in 'Tour du Monde,' 1885,and April 16-23, 1887. Noticed in'Globus,' xlix., 249, 257, 273.

Note's d'ArcMologie tunisienne,art. in ' Bulletin Monumental,' No. 2,1884.

Cahun, LI^ON : Les Avcntiires duCapitainc Magon, oil tine explorationphi'nicienne mille ans avant I'irechrMenne, Paris, 1875. 410.Caignard de Saulcy, L. F. J., Mem-bre de I'lnstitut: Rccherches stir laNumismatique puniqtie, Paris, Impr.Roy. 1843. 4to. Extracted from' Me-moires de I'Academie des Inscrip-tions,' Nouvelle serie, xv., 2 partie.Analysed by M. Defremery, in ' Re-vue Numismatique Frangaise,' 1844.I sdrie, ix., 451.

Rccherches sur les Inscriptionsvotives, pht'niciennes et puniqttes,Paris, 1846. 8vo.

Lettre (I M. Lenormant stir tinpoint d'Apigraphie pltenicienne, art.in ' Revue Archdologique,' 1846,p. 629.

Rectificatioti de la valcur alpha-bitique d'un Caraciire de I'Acriturepunique, art. in ' Revue Archdo-logique,' 1846, p. 565.

Nouvelles Inscriptions votivestrouvt'es^ Carthage et H Constantine,Paris, 1848. 8vo., plates.A propos de deux Inscriptionsbilingues trouvc'es i Leptis Magnaet publi^esdans leJotirnalAsiatique.

Caillat, Philippe, Ingdnieur au ser-vice du Bey : Notice stir VancienAqueduc de Carthage, Paris, 1837.

Cailleite de l'Hervilliers, Edm.:ittide de qiielqtics Inscriptions chrM-ennes carthaginoises, Paris, 1 863. 8vo.

Calvete de Estrella, Alfonso :La Conquista de Africa, en Berveria,escrita en Latin por Alfonso CalvetedeEstrella, Salamanca, Canova, 1 558.

Cambon, Victor, Ministre resident\ Tunis : De Bone ci Tunis, Soiisseet Kairotian, Lyon, Imprimerie duSalut Public, 1885. 8vo., pp. 191,with photogravures. Also Paris,1 886.

Discoursprononc^parM.Cambon,St'ance du i Avril, 1884'; PreniiiredJlibi'ration sur le Projet de Loiportant approbation d'une Conven-tion concltie avec le Bey de Tunis,Paris, 1884. 8vo., pp. 29.'M. Cambon quitted Tunis Nov. 15,1886 ; his speeches on that occasion, and

the reply of the Bey, will be found re-ported in the 'Journal des Debats,' Nov.15 and 16, and other French newspapersof same dates.

Campomanes, Pedro Rodr. : Anti-gtiedad maritima dc la Reptiblica dcCartago, Madrid, 1756. 4to. Illus-trations. Analysed in ' Mdmoires deTrevoux,' 1757, p. 1938. Containsa translation of the ' Periplus ofHanno' (see that name).Campon. See De Campon.

Campou, Ludovic de : La Tunisiefranqaise, Paris, Charles Bayle,1887. Svo. A map and 8 photo-types. Worthless according to 'LeLivre,' Sept., 1887.

Canina : Aiitfiteatro di Tisdro, art. in'Annale dell' Institi archit. di Roma,'1852, p. 241.

Capella, M. : Martiani Minei Ca-pellcB Carthaginensis de NvptiisPhilologies, (Sr Septem artibusLiberalibtis Libri Novem optimecastigati. Lvgdvni, apud B. Vin-centium, 1592. 8vo., pp. 16 and397-

Capitolinus, Julius : Vies d'Antoninle Pieux, de Marc Antonin le Philo-sophe, de Verus, de Pertinax, d'Albin,de Macrin, des deux Maximin, destroisGordien.deMaxinte et deBalbin,traduction nouvelle par M. Valton,Paris, C. L. F. Panckoucke, 1844.8vo., pp. 383. Forms vol. iii. of


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BIBLIOGRAPHY.'Ecrivains de I'Histoire Auguste.'The Latin and the translation aregiven on opposite pages.

CardON, Emile : Etudes sur les pro-grcs de la civilisation dans la Re-gence de Tunis, art. in ' Revue duMonde Colonial,' 1861, 2 s^rie, i.,305) 378* and 487. Issued also inseparate form.

Le Progres en Titnisie, Idem,2 serie, vi., 345. ' Resultats des re-formes amene'es par la constitutionpromulgude en i860.'A. Demarsy.

Cardonne, D. D. : Histoire deVAfri-gue et de VEspagne sous la Domina-tion des Arabes, Paris, 1765. l2mo.3 vols.

Carette, E., Commandant du Gdnie :Origine de la divisioti tcrritorialeetablie en Afrique par les Romains.4to., pp. 26, without place or date.

Recherches sur VOrigine et lesMigrations des principales Tribus derAfrique septentrionale, Paris, 1853.Svo. Published in ' L'ExplorationScientifique de I'Algerie.'

Etudes des Routes siiiviespar lesArabes dans la partie meridionalede VAlgerie et de la Regence de Tunis,pour servir d. Vetablissemetit du re-seau geographique de ces contrees,Paris, 1854. Svo., map. First pub-lished in 1844, Paris, 4to., 2 vols.

Carey, H. : UAlger a Tunis, Geneve,1886. i8mo., pp. 79.Carletti, J. T. See Rousseau, A.Carta, F. : La Questione Tunisiana

c V Europa, Roma, 1879. Svo.,pp. 29.

Casse, Robert du: Un Mamelucktunisien general francais, art. in' Contemporain,' January, 1880.

Casson, Edmund : A relation of theluhole proceedings concerning theredemption of the captives in Argietand Tunis . . . together -with a listof the captives' na?nes redeemed, andthe prices they cost there in the

market. Published by special autho-rity. London, 1647. 4to.

' The list contains the names of 242 per-sons redeemed from slavery.' Play fai r.

Castan, F. F. J. A. : Le Capitole deCarthage, art. in ' Academie des In-scriptions et Belles-Lettres,' April,1S85.

Castel, Du. See Breves.Castelli, a. See Galeotti.Cat, E. : Excursion d'Alger a Tunis,

art. in ' Revue de Geographie,' Dec,1882.

Chalon, Henri : La Tunisie, ChrHienset Musulmans, Paris, 1881. i2mo.

Chamberlen, Paul : History andAntiquities oftheAncietit Egyptians.... a?id Carthaginians, London,173S. Fol.

Champlouis. See De Champlouis.Champollion et Rein.\ud : Me-langes et Documents inedits, Paris,Impr. Royale, 1S43. The secondvolume contains treaties of peace, inthe Catalonian dialect and in theArab language, concluded in 12701278, 1312, and 1339, between theKings of Majorca and the Kings ofTunis and Algeria.

Chapelet, Amable : Voyage a Tunis,in 'Tour du Monde,' Dec. 1864.Charency, H. de : La Regence deTunis, arts, in ' Revue Orientale etAmericaine,' 1859, i. 297 and ii. 51.La Rege?ice de Tunis, Paris, 1859.Svo.

' L'auteur, rendant compte du travailde M. Dunant (see that name), a donneun resume aussi complet que possibledesnotionsrecueilliesjusqu'acetteepoquesur Tunis et son territoire. Des ren-seignements communiques a M. Charencypar M. Soliman el Haraira, interpretedu consulat general de France a Tunis,lui ont permis de completer son travailet d'y joindre un certain nombre de de-tails nouveaux.'A. Demarsv.Charles, Mrs. : Lapsed, but not Lost,a Story ofRoman Cartilage, London,Daldy, 1877. Svo., pp. 304.


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BIBLIOGRAPHY.Charmes, Gabriel : La Tunisie etla Jripolilaine, Paris, Caiman L^vy,

1883. 8vo. Treats of the French oc-cupation.La Politiquefranqaise en Tunisie,art. in 'Revue Politique et Littdraire,'1882.

CHARRlkRE, E. : Wgodaiions de laFrance dans leLevant, ou corrcspond-ances, nu'moires et actes diplomatiqiiesdes ambassadeurs de la France, Sr'c.dans Ics Atats de Tunis,^c. Publicspar E. Charriire, Paris, ImprimerieNationale, 1848- 1860. 410., 4 vols.

This work, according to M. A. De-marsy, gives important details concern-ing the negotiations of France and Tunisto the with century, and reproducesseveral documents, among others theletters of Louis XI. to the King of Tunis,and th.it of the Count d'Anguillara onthe victory of Charles V.

Chassiron, Baron Charles de :Aper(u pittoresque de la R^gence deTunis, Paris, 1849. Fol., 37 litho-graphs. ,

Chateaubriand, Vicomte de : Essaisur les Revolutions, Chapt. xxx.Carthage, Chapt. xxxi. ParallUede Carthage et de I'Ang/eterre,Chapt. xxxvi. Influence de la Revo-lution grecqtie sur Carthage.

Itin^raire, Part vii. Voyage deTunis, chiefly concerning Carthage,Mcmoire sur Tunis.

Travels, fr'c, translated (fromthe above) by Frederic Shoberl, &c.,London, Henry Colburn, 1835. 8vo.,2 vols. Two chapts. in vol. ii.64 pages, are devoted to Tunis andCarthage.

Chatelain, Le Chevalier, Lieut.-Colonel de Cavalerie : Memoire surles moyens d employer pour puniret di'truire la piraterie des puissancesbarbaresquesJ P)ri'c

un coup (Ta'il sur les expeditionsfranqaises tcntees contre eux d di-verses epoques,Va.r\s, \?i2?i. 8vo.

Chaux, Paul : Rapport surles Fouillesfaites d. Tysdrus par Sir GrcnvilleTemple (see that name), art. in'Bulletin de la Socidtd de Gdo-graphie,' 1847, 3 sdrie, vii.Chavanne, J. : Das Algcrische-tune-sische Binnenmeer, in ' DeutscheRundschau,' 1880.

CHERBONNF,AU,A.,Professeurd'Arabeh. la chaire de Constantine : Pri'cishistorique de la dynastic des Agla-bites, traduit en frani;ais et accom-pagnt! de notes, art. in ' Revue derOrient,' 1853, xiv., 417.

' The original is by Ibn-Oudrane, andexists in the Djama Ez-zeitouna at Tunis.'Playkair.

Description de Tunis, d'apris El-Abdc}y {Ad-Hari), art. in 'JournalAsiatique,' 1854, 5 sdrie, iv., 163.

Voyage d'El-Abdery il traversI'Afrigue septentrionale au Xlh'siicle, art. in ' Revue de Gdographie,July, 1880.Un Recueil de Fables arabes, art.in 'Journal Officiel,' August i, 1880.

Les Ruines de Carthage, d\iprisles ecrivains miisulmans, art. in'Annuairc Constantine,' 1885,1., pp. 28.Chester, Rev. G. S. : Notes on re-cent discoveries at Carthage, art. in'Archaeol. Journal,' 1866, xxiii.

Chevalier- RUFIGNV, H. : Memoiresur Vaffaire de ^EEnfida' {Tunisie\propriete acquise de S. .1. KeredinePacha, Paris, 1881. 4to., pp. 64.Chevanne, J. : An art. o his (whichwe have not seen) on the InlandSea is noticed in 'Deutsche Rund-schau,' April, 1880, and ante. See' Le Livre,' i., 408.Chikhachev, p. : Espagne, Algerieet Tunisie, Paris, 1880. 8vo., pp. 595.

Spanien, Algerien und TunisLeipzig, 1882. 8vo., pp. 531.

H


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BIBLIOGRAPHYChilde, Mme. L. See Lee Childe.Chotin, a. G. : Les ExpedUion-i iiiari-

times de Charles-Ouiiil en llnluru-,Bruxelles, 1849. 8vo., pp. 292. AlsoTournai, 1857. 8vo.

Church, Prof. Alfred J. ; Carthage,London, T. Fisher Unwin, 1886.8vo. One of the series of ' Storiesof the Nations,' furnished with Mapsand Indexes.

CiRCOURT. See Gu^RiN.Clarin de la Rive, Abel, Corres-pondant de la Societt^ des Etudeshistoriques de la France : Histoiregencrale de la Tunisie, depuis Van1590 avant Jesus-Christ jiisqu'en1 883, avec line Introduction par M.P. Mignard, Tunis, E. Demoflys ;Paris, Challamel, 1883. 8vo., pp. Ix.and 414.Clark Kennedy. See Kennedy.Clermont-Ganneau,M.Ch. : L'lina-gerie pMnicienne et la Mythologieico7iologique chez les Grecs, i partiela Coupe phcnicienne de Palestina,Paris, Leroux, 1880. The authorsupposes the silver cup in questionto have been brought from Car-thage.

Nouvelles Inscriptions pheni-ciennes, art. in ' Revue Archeolo-gique,' May, 1885.

Cless, C. : Utica, art. of pp. 4 in' Pauly's Real-Encyclopadie,' Stutt-gart, 1852.

Cognat: Explorations tfpigraphigueset archeologiques en Tunisie, art. in' Revue Critique d'Histoire et deLittifrature,' June 9, 1884.Collignon : Les Ages de la Pierreen Tunisie, art. in ' Materiaux pourI'Histoire de rHomme,' May, 1887.

COLLOT: Noiiveau Voyage fait auLevant es anndes 1731


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BIBLIOGRAPHY 19art. in ' Bulletin de la Societe deGdographie,' January, 1880.

COSSON, Dr. E. S. C. : Rapport i\ M. hMinistre de I'Instruction ptibliqtieet des Beaux-Arts, sur La Missionbotanique chargt'e, en 1883, de VEx-ploration du nord de la Tunisie,par E. Cosson, membre de Vlnstitut{Acadt'mie des Sciences), Gr'c., Paris,Imprimerie Nationale, 1884. 8vo.,PP- 31-

Compendium flora atlanticce seuexpositio methodica plantarum om-nium in Algeria. Flore des iltatsbatbaresques, Algc'rie, Tunisie,Maroc. Tome i"', premiire partie:historique et g^ographique, Paris,1881. 8vo., avec 2 cartes colorizes.

" Illustrationesflorce atlanticce seuiconesplantarum novaricm, rariorumvel minus cognitarum in Algeria neenon in regno Tunetano et imperioMarocano nascentium. Fascicule i.,Paris, 1883. Fol., avec 25 pi.gravdes.

Conspectus flora atlanticce seuenumeratio plantaru7n omnium inAlgeria, regno Tunetano et imperioMarocano hucusque notarum exibensquoque diagnoses specierum nova-rum et annotationes de plantis 7ninuscognitis.

Cosson, Dr. E. S. C, and Krakli,M. L. : Sertulum Tunctanum. Notessur quelques Plantes du sud de laRigence de Tunis (1847).COURTANT. See D'ESTOUR-METTES DE.

COURTRAY DE PRADEL, EUG. DE

:

Saint-Louis en Afrique, rt'cit envers, Rochefort, 1827. 8vo., pp. 48.COUSIN^RY, E. M. : Essai historiqueet critique sur les Monnaies d'Argentde la ligue ach^enne, accompagnt' derecherches sur les monnaies de Co-rinthe, de Sicyone et de Carthage,qui ont eu corns pour le service de

cette con/c'dt'ration, Paris, 1825. 410.,5 illustrations.Crapelet, Amable : Voyage d Tunisen 1859, in 'Tour du Monde,' 1864,Nos. 262, 263.

Viaggio a Tunisi, with numerouswoodcuts, in ' Biblioteca di Viaggi,'Milano, Fratelli Treves, 1876.xxxvii., I to 79.Creuly, Gdndral: Sur divcrses In-scriptions romaines de Tunisie,Paris, 1858. 8vo. Published ori-ginally in 'Revue Archdologique,1858, XV., 285.

'Le savant ^pigraphiste,' says M. A.Demarsy, ' passe en revue une serie detravaux sur les antiquites tunisiennes,publics dans la Revue Algerienne, enavril 1857, par le capitaine Lewal, et enjuin, par M. A. Rousseau.' See thosenames.

Croix. See De La Croix.Crozals, M. de: Tunis, art. in 'Re-vue Politique et Litteraire,' 1881.Le ColQge Saint-Louis de Car-thage, Le Cardinal Lavigerie (seethat name). Idem, 1882.

Les Racesp>rimitives de I'Afrique,art. in 'Revuede Geographic,'August,1881.

Bizerte, son passt', son prhent,son avenir. Idem, Sept. and Oct.1881.

CuBisoL, Charles, Vice-Consul k laGoulette : Notice abri'gi'e sur la Re-gence de Tunis, Bone, 1867. 8vo.,16 plates of inscriptions.

The author published in 1866, underthe same title, an autogiaphcd pamphletfollowed by the dcscriijiiun of the pro-ducts sent by S. A., the Bey to theUnivers.il Exhibition of Paris. Thisnotice contains statistics chiefly.

CUEVA, Pedro de la: Dialogo dela Rebellion de Tunc~, Sevilla, S.Truxillo, 1550. 8vo.

Cuvillier et Bouin: Essai d'unDictionnaire des principaux Portset Mouillages du Monde connu,Paris, 1845. 8vo.


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BIBLIOGRAPHY.Cyprien, Saint: Histoire et (Euvres

completes de Saint Cyprien, Evequede Carthage, Traduction frani^aisepar M. VAbbe Thibaut, &^c., Tours,Gattier, 1868. 8vo., 2 vols. Seealso Freppel, Havet, and Poole.

Dain, Alfred, Prof, agreg^ k I'Ecolede Droit d'Alger: Le Systcme Tor-rens. De son application en Tiinisieet en Algerie, rapport d. M. Tirman,gouverneur general de I'Alge'rie,suivi d'une traduction de 'PAct-Torrens,' et de la loi fonciire tu-nisienne, du 5 juillet, 1885, Paris,1886. Large 8vo.

DampierrE: Histoire de la Rivalitide Carthage et de Rome.

Dampmartin, a. H., Capitaine auregiment Royal : Histoire de laRivalM de Carthage et de Rome,d. laquelle on a joint La Mart deCaton, tragiidie, nouvellement tra-ditite de Vanglais, de M. Addisson(sic), Strasbourg, J. G. Treuttel,(1789). 8vo., 2 vols. SeealsoADDl-SON.

Dan, P. F. P.: Histoire de Barbaricet de ses Corsaires, des Royaumes etdes Villes d'Alger, de Tunis, de SaUet de Tripoli, oil il est traite de leurGouvernement, de leurs Mwurs, deleurs Cruautes, de leurs Brigand-ages, de leurs SortiUges, &^c., Paris,1649. Fol. First published in 1637,Paris. 4to. Done into Dutch as

Historic van Barbaryen, S^c, vcr-taalt door G. v. Broeckhtiysen, ver-vieerdert door S. de Vries, Amster-dam, 1684. Fol., illustrations. AlsoAmsterdam, 1641. Fol., 2 vols.

The author was for nearly half a cen-tury a Trinitarian father, engaged in therelease of captives. His work is mostinteresting from an English point ofview, as he gives an account of the Irishcaptives taken at the sack of Baltimoreby the Algerines. See also CharlesSmith's History of Cork, vol. i., p. 278.Tlayfaie.

Dana, C. A. See Ripley.Dandolo, Tullio : Studii sul Secolo

d'Augusto, Libri Quattro, Milano,P. A. Molina, 1837. 8vo., pp. 243,double cols. Contains an accountof the Punic Wars.

Dapper, Oliver, D.M : Nauwkeurigebeschrijving der Afrikaansche gewe-sten van Egypten,Barbarycn,Libyen,Biledulgered, Negroslant, Guinea,Etheopicn en Abyssinien. Amster-dam, 1668. Fol.

Description de VAfrique, con-tenant les Noms, la Situation et lesConfins de toutes ses parties; leursRivieres, leurs Villes ct leurs Habi-tations, leurs Plantes et leurs Ani-tnaux; les Ma'urs, les Coutumes, laLangue, les Richesses, la Religion etle Gouvernement de ses peuples.Traduit du Flamand. Amsterdam,1686. 4to., 'orne de 31 planches, 15cartes et 54 figures dans le te.xte.'

Darcel, a. Notice des imaux et deVorfcvrerie (du Mus^e du Louvre).' D. 764 et 765. Aiguiere et plateauen argent ciseld . . . .' representantla conquete de Tunis par Charles-Quint.

Excursion en Espagne. Indica-tion, in the chapter devoted to theAlhambra, of paintings of thexvith century, in 'le cabinet de toi-lette de la reine,' representing theconquest of Tunis by Charles-Quint.

Excursion A. Malte. One chaptercontains a visit to Tunis and Car-thage.Darembert : La Salubritd publiqueh Tunis, art. in ' Revue Scientifique,'July 5, 1884.Darre, Dr. See Poinssot.

DAUMAS,Gt?neral:Z' chameau d'A/ri-que, art. in ' Rev. de I'Orient,' 3 ser., i.,178. 1S55. OriginallyaddressedtothePresident of the Soc. Zool. d'Acclim.

Daumas, Philippe : Quatorze am iTunis, AXger, 1857. 8vo.


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BIBLIOGRAPHY.Daux, a., Ingdnieur civil de Nimes :

Recherchcs sur Vorigine et I'emplace-ment des Emporia phdnicicns dansle Zeugis et le Bysacium,faites parordre de I'Empereur, Paris, Impri-merie Impdriale, 1869. 8vo., pp. 313,9 plates.

Notice sur Utigiie, in ' Tour duMonde.'

Le Rovine d'Ulica, 1868, withmany woodcuts, in ' Hiblioteca diViaggi,' Milano, 1876, x.xxvii., 153 to192.

Achmet-pacha, Bey de Tunis, etdes ri!/ormes rAentes quHl a faites,&'c., art. in 'Revue de I'Orient,'1848, 2 sdrie, iv., 342.

D'AVEZAC. See Avezac.Davidsohn, R. : Vom Nordcap bis

Tunis, Berlin, 1884. 8vo., pp. 175.Dauies, William : A Trve Relation

of the Travailes and viost miserableCaptiuitieofWilliam Dauies,Barber-Surgion of London, under the Dukeof Florence, Qt'c. London, NicholasBourne, 1614. Small 4to., pp. 40, un-numbered. The ' Description andDiscouery of Tunys ' occupies chap,iii. Reprinted in ' A Collection ofVoyages ' (Churchill), London, T.Osborne, 1757, vii., 476 to 488.

Davis, Dr. Nathan. Carthage andher Remains, being an account oftlie excavations and researches onthe site of the Phcenician metropolisof Africa, and other adjacent places,conducted under the auspices of HerMajestys Government, London, i860.8vo., pp. 640. Noticed in the ' Chris-tian Observer,' l.xi., 544. Translatedinto German, Leipzig, 1S63.

Inscription in the Pluvnician cha-racter, now in the British Museum,discovered on the site of Carthage,London, 1863. Oblong fol.

Ruined Cities u.nlliin Numidianand Carthaginian Territories, Lon-don, 1863. 8vo., pp. xvi. & 391, map.

Davity, Pierre, Seigneur de Mont-martain : Description giWrale deI'Afrique, seco?tde partie du Monde.Avec tous ses Empires, Royaumes,et Ripubligues, qui sent deduits ettraitt's par ordre de leurs Noms,Assiettes, Confins, Mceurs, Richesses,Forces, Gouvemement et Religion;et la Gc'ni'alogie des Empereurs,Rois et Princes souverains, lesquelsV ont domindjusqu'd present. Nou-vclle I'dition revue et corrigie parf. B. de Rocolcs, Troyes et Paris,1660. Fol.De Bisson, L. See BissoN.De Bizemont. See Bizemont.De Campon : Tunis et le CardinalLa7/igerie (see that name), art. in' Correspondant,' April 25, 1887.De Champlouis, M. Nau, Capitaineau Corps Imperial d'Etat -major :Notice sur la carte de VAfrique sousla domination des Remains, dresse'eau Depot de la Guerre d'aprh lestravaux de M. Fr. Lacroix, parordre d S. E. le Man'chal ComteRandon, Min. de la Guerre, Paris,1864. 4to., pp. 46.

' The map in question is in two largesheets (2,000,000=), and includes thewhole district between the Cyrenaicaand the Atlantic. See also " L'Ann.Geogr.," t. iii. p. no.' Playfair.See also La Croix F.

Defournoux, Dr. : Du Maroc enTunisie, in ' Comptes rendus desSeances de la Socidtd G&g.,' Paris1882, pp. 409-12.De LA Croix, Sieur : Relation univers-elle de VAfrique, ancienne et mo-derne, oil I'on voit ce qu'il y a deremarquable, tantdans la tetre fermeque dans les isles, avec ce que le Roia fait de uu'morable contre les cor-saires de Barbaric, &'c., Lyon, 1688.i2mo., 4 vols. Also Lyon, 1698,l2mo., 4 vols. See also 'Journaldes Savans,' 1689, p. 131.


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BIBLIOGRAPHY.De la Croix, Sieur : Memoires dusieur De la Croix, contenant Vetatprhent de Veglise grecqiie et lesrevolutions du Royaume de Tunis.M.S. Anciens fonds de Versailles,No. 123.

Delaire : Les Chotts tunisiens et laMer inth-ieure en Algt'rie, art. in' Correspondant,' July 25, 1881.De Lanessan. See Lanessan.

Delattre, a. L., Pretre missionnaireObjets archcologiques exposes aAmsterdam, Tunis, 1883.

Inscriptions de Chcmtou: arts, in'Revue Archeologique,' April andJuly, 1881.

Inscriptions chrHiennes troiiveessur differenis points . de Vancienneville de Carthage, art. in ' Revue deI'AfriqueFrangaise,' Paris, July, 1886,iv., 241 to 248.

Delaville le Roulx, J., Docteur-^s-lettres : La France en Orietit auxiV Sihle Expeditions du Mart'-chal Boucicaut, Paris, Ernest Thorin,1886. 8vo., 3 vols. Contains severalhistorical netices of Tunisia, and(vol. i., pp. 166 to 200) Expedition dcBarbaric (1390).De la Warr, Earl : French Occupa-tion of Tunis, art. in ' NineteenthCentury,' x., 448.

Delisle de Sales, J. B.C.I.,Membrede rinstitut : Histoire de tous lesPeuples du Monde, b'c, Paris, 1779.1 2mo., 53 vols., maps and illustrations.Contains Histoire de Carthage.

Delsol : Sbitla (Tunis), art. in ' Bul-letin Societd Gdog. Commer.,' Bor-deaux, 1878, No. 22.Demanche, Georges : UAlger &Kairouan, arts. in 'Revue Frangaise,'1886 and 1887. Also in separateform, Challamel, 1887, 8vo.

Demay: Le Clergi franqais en Tu-nisie, art. in ' Correspondant,' Nov.25, 1886.De Pure, M. See Birago.

Derenbourg, Membre de I'Acaddmiedes Inscriptions : hiscriptions deCarthage sur les Off'randes de Prd-mices, vi'ith a plate, art. in 'JournalAsiatique,' February, 1874, p. 204.Sur une Inscription 7ieo-puniqiiede huit ligiies trouvc'e A Afdeina enTunisie, Sr'c., art. in ' Academie desInscriptions,' Oct. 2, 1874.

Desfontaines, R. L., Membre deI'Academie des Sciences: Flora At-lantica, sive Historia PlantarumqucE in Atlante, agro Tunetano etAlgeriensi crescunt, Parisiis, An vi.(1798). 4to., 2 vols., 263 plates. Seealso Peyssonnel.

Observations sur les Plantes ^co-no)niques qui croisscnt dans les Roy-aumcs de Tunis et d'Alger, in ' Nou-velles Annales des Voyages,' 1830.Tome iii. de I'annde, pp. 321 to 359.

Lettre cl M. Lemonnier, de I'A ca-dc'inie ties Sciences, Idem, 1 830. Tomeiii. de I'annee, 60 to 77. Containsarchaeological details, and descrip-tions of Kairouan, Calsa, Le Gerid,Sfaitla, Sbiba, and the environs ofTunis.

Premier Fragment d'un Voyagedans les Royaumes de Tunis et d^Al-ger, et dans les montag?ies del'Atlas,Idem, 1830. Tome ii. de I'annee,pp. 189 to 228.

Voyage le long de la cote depuisTunisjusqu'H Sfax sur les bords dela Petite Syrthe. Idem, 1830. Tomeiii. de I'annee, pp. 137 to 164.

Desfoss^s, Edmond, Avocat : LaTunisie sous le Protectorat et sonAnnexion H I'Algt'rie, Paris, Chal-lamel, 1886. 8vo., pp. 44. A purelypolitical pamphlet in favour, as itstitle indicates, of the annexation ofTunisia by France.

La Disgrdce de Mustapha Khaz-nadar, ayicien premier ministre deTunisie, considMe au point de viiedes intcrcts curopcens, 1875. 4to.


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BIBLIOGRAPHY.Desfossks, Edmond, Avocat: La

Tunisie, histoire, politique, finances,1877. 8vo.La Tunisie, physique et ^cono-tnique. Published originally in the'Revue de Gdographie,' February,1879.

Les Kroumirs, with a map, Idem,August, 1879.

LAqiteduc de Carthage et sarestauration, art. in ' Reforme Eco-nomique,' Oct. 15, 1880.La Question tunisienne etI'Afrique septentrionale, Angleterre,France, Italie, 1 88 1. 8vo., pp. 48.

Le Protectoratfran(;ais en Tunisie,avectexte et commentaire du traitedeKassar-Said du mai \Z%\. 8vo.De la Reorganisation administra-tive etfinanciire de la Tunisie, avectexte officiel des traith. 1882. Svo.D'ESTOURMETTES DE COURTANT : LesSociett's secrites chez les Arabes et laConquete de I'Afrique du nord, art.in 'Revue des Deux-Mondes,' MarchI, 1886.

Devars, M. G. See Bescherelle.Devoulx.Alphonse: Voyage a TAm-phithMtre romain d'El-DJem enTunisie, Paris, 1830. 8vo., pp. 22.From the ' Revue Africa! ne,' Alger,1874, xviii.

D'Hrisson. See Hrisson.DiLHAN, Alphonse: Histoire obrdgie

de la Regence de Tunis, Paris, 1866.8vo.

Dion Cassius: Histoire romaine,parE.Gros. T torn. Gr.andFr. Paris,1845-65. He was Roman Governorof North Africa in the reign of Alex-ander Severus, a.d. 222-235. I"the Fragmenta, ccxv. to ccxx., is ahistory of the second Punic War,and in cclxv. to cclxi.\. is someaccount of the Jugurthine War.

Dixon, William Hepworth: 7?o^fr/Blake, general and admiral at sea,based on family and state papers,

London, 1852. 8vo. Contains anaccount of lilake's action at PortoFarina.

Donaldson, Prof. : A notice of therecent travels of H.M. Consul-General, Lieui.-Col. Playfair, in theprovinces of Algiers and Tunis, inthe footsteps ofBruce the traveller,illustrated by Bruce's drawings.' Sess. Papers Roy. Inst. Brit. Archi-tects,' No. 3, pp. 33-43, illustrations,1876.

Dor, H. : Souvenir du Congrisd'Alger,Tunis et la Kabylie, Lyon, 1882.Svo. pp. 93.Doumet-Adanson, M. : Surle regimedes Eaux qui alimentent les Oasisdu Slid de la Tunisie, in ' Comptesrendus de I'Association Franqaisepour I'Avancement des Sciences,Congr^s de Blois,' 1884.

Les Silex tailU's de Tunisie,Idem.

Note sur I'origine des Chotts dusuddela Tunisie. Montpellier, 1876.8vo. From 'Rev. des Sc. Natur.'

Drapeyron, L. : La Constitution deCarthage, Paris, 1882. 8vo., pp. 20.

Drouin, E. a.: Les Inscriptions deTunis, Louvain, 1882. 8vo.

Dru, L6on: Extraits de la Missionde M. le cotnmatidant Roudaire (seethat name) dans les Chotts tunisiens(1878- 1 879), Paris, Chamerot. Svo.Dubois-Fontanelle: Anecdotesafricaines depuis I'origine ou ladecouverte des diffiirents Royaumesqui composent I'Afrique jusqu'd, nosjours, Paris, 1775. Svo.Du Casse, R. See Casse.Du Castel. See Breves.

DUMGE, C. G. : Atisichtenvon Tripolis,Tunis und Algier, aus dem Reise-berichten iines franzbsischcn Mis-sionairs, Stuttgart, Metzler, 1 8 16.Svo.

DUESBERG, F. See Mannert.DUGASTE. SeeDUREAU DE LA MALLE.


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24 BIBLIOGRAPHY.DUGAT, GUSTAVE : Le Poeme en I'hon-neur du bey de Tunis du cheik Fares,Paris, 1851. 8vo.

DUGAT, GuSTAVE, et le cheik Far^SECCHIDIAK : Grammaire francaised rusage des Arabes de VAlgMe, deTunis, S-T., Paris, Impr. Imp. 1854.8vo., pp. 125.A Practical Grammar of theArabic Language, Sa'c, London,1866. i2mo., pp. 162.

DUMAN, H. See Cortambert.Dumas, Alexandre: Le Veloce, ouTanger, Alger et Tunis, Paris, 1848.8vo. Also Paris, 185 1, 8vo., 2 vols.' Le Veloce ' is the name of thevessel on which Dumas made hisvoyage. The publication of histravels was commenced in ' LaPresse,' March 12, 1847.DUMERQUE, E. : The Chotts of Tunis,or the Great Inland Sea of NorthAfrica in ancietit times, London,1883. 8vo. p. 27. Also London,Allen, 18S4. 8vo.DUMONT, M. X. : Guide de la Lecturedes Manuscrits arabes. Arab, et Fr.,Alger, 1842. 8vo., lithographed.DuMONT, P. J. See Quesne.DUMONT D'Urville, J.: Histoiregenerale des Voyages, Paris, Fume& Cie., 1859. 8vo., 4 vols., portraits,illustrations and maps. In chapt.gg,vol. iv., will be found an account ofTunis and of the Ruins of Carthage.Dunant, H. J. : Notice sur la R^gencede Tunis, Geneve, J. G. Fick, 1858.8vo., privately printed.

The volume contains : Historical ri-sume; the town of Tunis; the court;the army, navy, and taxes ; climate andproducts ; industry and commerce ; townsand various localities; religion and lite-rature ; Musulman year ; slavery ofMoors; Arabs and Djebelias; customsand superstitions of the Jews of Tunissociety and population. Noticed by XLTh. Pavie in ' Revue desDeux-Mondes,'March 15, 1858; also by M. H. deCharencey (see that name).

Duprat, Pascal: Essai Mstoriquesur les Races anciennes et 7nodemesde rAfrique septentrionale, leursorigines, leurs mouvements et leurstransformations, Paris, 1845. 8vo.pp. 318.Dureau de la Malle, A. J. C. A.,Membre de I'Academie des Inscrip-tions et Belles-Lettres, Membre deI'lnstitut: Recherches sur la Topo-graphic de Cartilage, avec des notesde M. Dugastc, Paris, 1837. 8vo.,4 plates. Noticed by M. Letronne in'Journal des Savants,' Nov. 1837.See also Peyssonnel and Temple.Dureau de la Malle and Yanoski,Jean: Carthage, pp. 170, 6 plates,in ' L'Univers Pittoresque,' Paris,1844-Duruy, Victor: Histoire des Ro-mains, &r'c., Paris, Hachette & Cie.,1879-85. 4to., 7 vols., illustrated.Carthage, its commerce, wars, anddestruction, together with its bishops,their persecution, (Sec, are very fullytreated in this noble work ; there arealso a plan of the city and numerousillustrations. Thysdrus, Utica, Sic,are also described, the former witha view of the amphitheatre.

DuvERNOis, Clement : Les Riformesen Tunisie, arts, in ' Revue deI'Orient,' 1858, 3 serie, vii., 83, 143,202.Duveyrier, Henri: Letire sur sonVoyage dans le sud de la Tunisie,S-'c, art. in ' Nouvelles Annales desVoyages,' 1868, ii. 356.

E.xploration du Sahara LesTouareg du nord, Paris, Challamel,1864. 8vo., pp. xxxiv., 499, and4 unnumbered pages, with a Supple-ment of pp. 37 and 4 unnumberedpages, a portrait of the author, illus-trations, and a folding map. Al-though but a small part of Tunisiais treated of in this volume, it con-tains much information indirectly ap-


33/160

BIBLIOGRAPHY. 25plicable to that country, and relatingchiefly to the region south ofTunisia.

DUVEYRIER, Henri : LaTumsie,V&ns,Hachette, 1881. 8vo., pp. 143.

DuviviER, G(^ncral: Recherches etNotes sur la portion de PAlgMe ausud de Ghelma, depuis la frontiirede Tunis jusqiiau mont Auress, in-diquant les anciennes routes encoreapparentes, Paris, Imp. Vassal, 1841.4to., pp. 66, map, privately printed.DuviviER, General Francia deFleurus : InscriptionsphMciennes,punigues, numidiques, expliqu^esparune nu'thodeincontestable, Paris, 1846.Svo. pp. 16.

Dyer, Thomas H. : Utica, art. of 3cols, in ' Dictionary of Greek andRoman Geography,'W.Smith,LL.D.,London, J. Murray, 1854.

EcCHiDiAK, F. See Dugat.El-Abdery. See Cherbonneau.El -AiACHi-EBN-Moui.A- Ahmed :

Voyages dans le sud de VAlgirie etdes Etats barbaresques de Pouest etde Vest, trad, sur deux manuscritsarabes par A. Berbrugger; suivisd'ltinSrait es et Renseignements four-nis par Sid-Ahmed-Oulid-Bou-Mez-rag et du Voyage par terre de T^aza


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26 BIBLIOGRAPHY.The Perfumed Garden of the CheikhNefzaotii, sSt^c., Cosmopoli, 1886. Thereare variations on the title-pages, and thelater volume is printed in violet withtitle-page in red and violet. Nefzaouilived at Tunis and there wrote his book,which, although not specially devotedto the people of Tunisia, throws muchlight upon their manners and customsat that time. It is not virginibus fueris-que. A copy of the original Arab text,probably that from which the Frenchtranslation was made, exists in the Na-tional Library at Algiers.

El-Raini : Histoire de VAfrique parMohammed- Ben -Abi- el- Raini-el-Kai'rouani, traduit de Varabe parMM. E. Pellissier et Remusat,Paris, Imp. Roy., 1847. 4to. (vol.vii. of ' L'Exploration scientifiquede I'Algerie').

' Cet auteur donne une description deTunis, suivie de I'histoire des differentesdynasties qui ont reene sur Tunis jusqu'aI'an 1681 de notre Ire, et terminee parune description des curiosites de la villeet des usages de ses habitants ; ... ony trouve des renseignements originaux ettires de la tradition orale, surtout dans laderniere partie qui traite de la conquetede Tunis par les Turcs.'A. Demarsy.

EsCAYRAC DE Lauture, Le Comte d'Le Desert et le Soudan, Paris, Du-maine, 1853. 8vo., pp. 625, 2 mapsand 1 2 plates. Divided into 5 books :i. Climats africains ; ii. Conside-rations sur la Barbarie, Etudes surrislamisme et les Moeurs des Mus-sulmans actuels ; iii. Les Arabes;iv. Les Noirs colonises ; v. Com-merce du Soudan.

EspiRANDiKU, E., Lieut, d'infanterie :Archi'ologie tunisienne. Epigraphiedes Environs du Kef. Inscriptionsrecucillies en 1882-83, Paris, 1885.8vo., 7 fascicules, cart., planches.

ESPINA, A., Vice-Consul de France kSousse : Notice historique sur leCaidat de Sfax, art. in 'Revue derOrient,' 2 s^rie, xiii., 142.

Lettres archeologiques relativesa Soussa, I'ancienne Hadrumetum,art. in ' Revue Africaine,' 1859, iii., 368.

ESTRELLA, C. DE. See Calvete.ESTOURMETTES, D'. See D'ESTOUR-METTES DE COURTANT.

ESTRUP: Linece Topographiccc Car-thaginis Tyria, 1821. Map.

' Estrup was a Danish scholar whomade use of the MSS. of Camillo Borgia(see Borgia), a Neapolitan traveller,who had examined the ground attentively,and who died at Naples without beingable to publish his work.'EUTING: Punische Steine, Saint-Pdtersbourg, 1871.EWALD, Christn. Ferd. : Reise vonTunis iiber Soliman, Nabal, Ham-ma/net, Susa, Sfax, Gabis, Gerbanach Tripolis, und von da wicderzuriick nach Tunis, im Jahre 1835.Hcrausgegeben von Paul Ewald,Niirnberg, Ebner, 1837-38. Large8vo., 3 parts, i map, 8 black and 5coloured engravings.

Tunis and Tripoli, art. in ' PennyMag.,' vii., 12.

Scenes in Tuttis, Idem, viii., 332.EwALD, J. : Manners of Tunis, art. in' Penny Mag.,' ix., 129.

ExiGA, dit K.wser, Interprfete mili-taire : Description et Histoire deVile de Dferba, traduit du Manu-scrit de Chcik MohammedAbu RasseAhmed En-Naceur, Tunis. Small4to. Arabic and French.

EvRiks : Carthage, art. of 10 cols,in ' Encyclopedie Moderne,' Paris,Firmin Didot, 1854.

Detail sur PAmphitheatre deThysdrus, art. in ' Nouvelles Annalesde Voyages.'

Fabre, J. : Essai sur la Regence deTunis, Avignon, 1881. 8vo., pp. 188.See also El-Aiachi.

Faidherbe, Gdndral : EpigraphiephMicienne, Paris, 1873. 8vo.

Inscription libyque, trouv'ee auxenvirons de Tunis, art. in ' Bulletinde I'Academie des Inscriptions,' &c.,Jan., iSSi.


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BIBLIOGRAPHY.Fairmaire, L. See LEFfcvRE.Falbe, C. T., Captain and Danish

Consul at Tunis : Recherches surrEmplacement de Carthage, suiviesde renseignements sur plusieurs in-scriptions puniques int'dites, avec leplan topographique des ruines de laville, Paris, 1 837. 8vo., with atlas and6 plates in fol. See also TEMPLE.

Falbe et Lindberg : Annonc^ d'unouvrage sur les tnc'dailles de I'an-cienne Afrique par MM. Falbe etLindberg, avec un aper^ti des dicou-vertcs de M. Lindberg dans la nu-mismatique de Carthage, de la Nu-midic,etde Mauritanie, Kopenhague,1843. Svo., pp. 20.

Falbe, Lindberg and MuLLER: Nu-mismatique de I'Ancienne Afrique.Ouvrage pri!par et commence parC. T. Falbe et J. Chr. Lindberg, re-fait, achevJ et public'par L. Miiller,Copenhague, Imp. de Bianco Lunopar F. S. Muhle, 1860-61. 4to.,2 vols., illustrations in the text. Invol. ii. the moneys of Carthage areconsidered at length ; those also ofUtica, &c. are noticed.

' This learned work was commenced inthis year (1S60) and completed in 1862.It contains a scientific classification of allthe Greek and Roman money of NorthAfrica from Gyrene to Mauritania. It isone of the most important works everwritten on Africa.' Playfair.

Fallot, Erne.ST: Par del^la Mc'di-tcrrant'e: Kabylic, Auris, Kroumirie,Paris, Plon, 1887. i8mo., woodcuts.M. Fallot is secretary of the Geogra-

phical Society of Marseilles. His bookis reviewed in ' Le Livre,' Sept. 1887.

FarIs Ecchidiak. See Dugat.Farine, Charles : Kabyles et Krou-

tnairs, Paris, Ducrocq, 1882. Svo.pp. 423-

Faultrier, Godard : Etude sur unVase en plomb trouv^ dans les ruinesde Carthage, Angers, 1867. Svo.The same vase, which was exhibited

at the Exposition Universelle of Paris in

the Tunisian section, furnished M. Edm.Le Br.ANT (see that name) with the sub-ject of a communication to the ' Societydes Antiquaires de France.'

Faure, a. le. See Le Faure.FavI See YVON-VILLARCEAU.F^RAUD, L. : Kitab-el-Adwani, ou leSahara de Constantine et Tunis, ' Rec.Not. et M^m. Soc. Arch. Const.,'1868, vol. xii , pp. 1-208.'This is an Arabic work of modern

date, a curious picture of tribal historyand desert life.'Playfair.

Ferry,Jules : LesAffairesde Tunisie,Discours, Paris, 1 882. 1 2mo., pp. 2 1 2.

Feuilleret: Les Remains en Afrique,Limoges, 1869.

Fielding, Viscount. See Kennedy.FiNOTTi, Guglielmo; La Regenzadi Tunisi considerata nei suoi rap-porti geografici, storici, archeologici,idrografici, commerciali, etc. Malta,1857. Svo., pp. 440.

Fischer, Theobald : Tunesien alsfranzosische Colonic, art. in ' DeutscheRundschau,' Oct. 1 887, pp. loi to 11 9.

FLACCUS ILLYRICUS. See Illyricus.Flaubert, Gustave : Salammbd,

Paris, 1862. Svo.In 1857 the author visited Tunis, andon the ruins of Carthage the suljject anil

materials of his romance suggested them-selves.

In i883aportraitoftheauthor and fouretchings to illustrateSalamiiMwere madeunder the auspices of M. Billard of theSociety of the 'Amis des Livres' of Paris.Reprinted in 1887 by Quantin, Paris,in I vol., Svo. , undated, with ' Dix com-positions par A. Poirson.'

There are two English versions, bothof London and of the same year, 1886:one by Mr. M. F. Sheldon, publishedby Messrs. Saxon & Co. ; the other byMr. J. S. Chartres, issued by Messrs.Vizetelly & Co.

Flaux, a. de : La Rt'gence de Tunisau XIX' Siicle, Paris, 1865. Svo.The author was sent on a mission to

Carthage by the Count Walcwski, thenMinister of State. He travelled throughTunisia in every direction. To his workhe adds : a translation of the Tunisian


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BIBLIOGRAPHY.Constitution, an analysis of the principaltreaties concluded by the Bey withwestern powers, and a translation ofsome Arab poems. Notices of M. Flaux'sbook will be found in 'Journal des Sa-vants,' Sept. 1866, and by M. Privas in'Annales des Voyages,' l866,ii.,228. Seealso NoNCE-RoccA.

Florius, L. See Sylburgius.FoLARD, Chevalier de. See SranDE LA Tour.FoNCiN, Pierre : LAlliance fratt-

(aise et Venseignement de la latiguenationale en Algcrie et en Tunisie,arts, in ' Bulletin de la Socit^te His-torique et de Saint-Simon,' No. 2,1884; and No. 2, 1885; art. withsame title in 'Revue Scientifique,'Dec. 27, 1884.

Les Scalesfran^aises en Tunisie,art. in 'Revue Politique et Litteraire,'1884.La Tunisie, art. in ' Revue Po-litique et Litteraire,' January 9, 1886.

Tunisie, art. in ' Revue de FAf-rique Fran


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BIBLIOGRAPHY. 29FURNARI, Dr. Salvato : Voyage md-dical dans VAfrique septentrionale,

Paris, 1845- Svo-

Cachet, Emile: Documents inMitsrclatifs cl la Conqucte dc Tunis parVEmpereur Charles-Quint, en 1535,Bruxelles, 1844- 8vo., pp. 5-

Gaffarel, p. : Quelqucs mots sur UsKhroumirs. 'Bull. Soc. Gdogr.'Dijon, 1882, vol. i., No. i, pp. 4-12-

Gaidoz : Un Sacrifice humain h Car-thage, art. in ' Revue Archeologique,'Sept. 1886.

Gaillardon, B., Ndgociant en vins,Rddacteur au 'Moniteur Agricole :'Manuel du Vigneron en AlgMe eten Tunisie, Paris, 1886. i8mo.

Galand, a. See Herbelot.Galeotti, Leopoldo, and others :_

Corte di Cassasione de Firenze, Mc-nioria in Causa Covertto di Tunisiee Samama, Firenze, Tipografia Bon-ducciana di A. Alessandri, 1881.Large 8vo., pp. vi. and 299.

This report is signed by LeopoldoGaleotti ' Estensore,' Ferdinando An-dreucci, Tommaso Corsi, Federigo Span-tigati, Augusto Pierantoni, Odoardo Lu-chini, Ferdinando Santioni de-Sio, Bar-tolommeo Operti, Eugenic Brunetti,and Angiolo Castelli.

Galland, Ant., Professor of Arab,born 1646, died 1715: Relation deVesclavage d'un marchand franâisde la ville de Cassis d, Tunis, Paris,1810. 8vo. Posthumous work, firstpublished by M. Langl^s in ' Maga-sin Encyclopddique,' 1809, i. and ii.

Gallenga, a.: Tunis, art. in 'Con-temporary Review,' xl., 116.

Ganneau, M. C. Clermont. SeeClermont-Ganneau.Gasselin, Edouard, Chancelier du

Consulat de France ^ Mogador:Dictionnaire franâis-arabe, Paris,Leroux, 1886.

M. Gasselin travelled also in Tunisia,in order to study the colloquial wordsand expressions of that country.

GaUTIER, Judith : Les Missions scien-tifiques de France en Afrique, lesA'uines romaines, art. in ' L'Officiel,'Dec. 13, 1879.

Gay, Ferdinand, Attache au Con-sulat de France au Maroc : Le Pro-gris en Tunisie, art. in ' Annuaire dela Soci(;t(5 d'Ethnographie de Paris,'1864, 42 to 49.

Gay, Ferdinand, and Soliman-el-Haraira: Les Parfumeurs indi-genes de Tunis, in ' Ouvriers desdeux Mondes.'

Gay, Oscar : La Tunisie, notice his-torique, Paris, 1861. 8vo.

Gervais, Paul : Enumeration dequelques esphes de reptiles pro-venant de Barbaric. ' Extrait desAnn. des Sci. Nat.,' 1837, 2" sen, vi.,pp. 303-13-

Gervaise, Nicholas, Missionary:Mhnoires historiques du Royaumede Tunis, Paris, 1736- 8vo.

Gesenius, H. F. W. : PaldographischeStudien iiber phonizische und pu-nische Schrift, Leipzig, 1835. 4to.

Scriptura Linguaque PhoeniciaMonumenta quotquot supersuntedita et inedita, Leipzig, 1837. 4to.,48 plates.

GiBiiON, Edward : The History oftlieDecline and Fall of the Roman Em-pire, London, Longman, 1848. 8vo.,8 vols. Numerous editions. Con-tains an account of the bishopric ofCarthage, of the factions of Ca:cilianand Donatus, of the destruction ofthe city by Hassan, &c.

GiFFARD, Pierre: Les Franâis HTunis, Paris, Victor Havard, 1881.8vo.

Impressions, written in a style suit-able for the ' Figaro,' to which journalM. Giffard was a contributor. Not muchinstruction is to be obtained from thebook, which is largely occupied bytirades against the Italians and English,with a goodly amount of French glori-fication.


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30 BIBLIOGRAPHY.Gilbert : Rom und Karthago, Leip-

zig, 1877.GiRAULT DE Prangey : Essai surVArchitecture des Arabes et desMaures, en Espagne, en Sicile et enBarbarie, Paris, 1842. 8vo.GODARD Faultrier. See Faul-TRIER.GODEFROY : iitat des Royaumes deBarbarie, Tripoli, Tunis et Alger:contenant Vhistoire politique et na-turelle de ces pais; la maniiredoni les Turcs y traitent lesesclaves, comme on les rachete, etdiverses aventitres curicuses. Avec latradition de P^glise pour le rachatdes captifs, Rouen, Machuel, 1731.i2mo.

GODINS DE SOUHESMES, G. DES :Tunis : Histoire, Ma'urs, Couverne-ment. Administration, etc., Paris,1875. Favourably noticed in ' LeLivre,' June 10, 1881.GoLBiRV, P. DE : Carthage, art. of 22cols, in ' Encyclopedia des Gens duMonde,' Paris, Treuttel et Wiirtz,1835-

Gonzaga, Ferrando : Copia de unaLittera del signor Ferrando Gon-zaga de la Presa de Tunisi, con tuttela particularita que sono seguite depoiimi).GORRINGE, H. H. : Tunis in 1878, art.in ' Nation,' xxvi., 289.French Occupation of Tunis, art.in 'Nation,' x.xxii., 31 1.

Graberg da Hemso, Count J. C,formerly Swedish and SardinianConsul in Morocco : Notizia intornoalia famosa opera istorica d'lbn-u-Khaldiin,filosofo affricano del secoloxiv. Firenze, 1834. See also Ibn-Khaldun.Graham, Alexander : Notes onTunis, art. of 3 cols., with illustra-tions, in ' Builder,' January 10, 1885.

Remains of the Roman Occupa-tion of North Africa, with special

reference to Tunisia, London, 1886.4to., pp. 32, with a map, 17 full-pageillustrations and plans of which sixare folding, and four illustrations inthe text. Extracted from the ' Trans-actions ' (vol. ii., new series) of the' Royal Institute of British Archi-tects.' Sequel to a similar paperreferring to Algeria, 1885.

' V.ihiable and instructive papers.'Playfair.

Gramaye, L B. : Africae illustrataelibri decern, in quibus Barbaria gen-tesque ejus ut olim, et fiunc descri-buntur. Tornaci Nerviorum, 1622.4to., 2 vols. The part referring toTunis occurs in vol. ii., pp. 77 to 125.

Sii R. L. Playfair writes : ' This is amere plagiarism of Marmol and Leo(see those names). See also ' Purchashis Pilgrimes,' ii., 1561.

Grasset, D. : Rapport &. M. le Gou-verncur - General de I'Alge'rie surVinstruction publique en Tunisie,Paris, 1 8 78. From the ' Revue Afri-caine,' xxii., 19.

Grasset St-Sauveur, J., Vice-consuldans le Levant : Description desprin-cipaux Peuples de VAfrique, con-tetmnt le di'tail de leurs Mceurs, Cou-tumes, Usages, Habillements, Fetes,Manages, Supplices, Funt'railles, etc.Accompagnce d'un tableau reprhen-tant les di^erents Peuples de cettepartie du Monde, chacun dans lecostume qui lui est propre, etc., Paris,an vi. de la Republ. 67 p. in-4, etun tableau.

Greaves, Joseph : Journal of a Visitto some parts of Tunis, forms theAppendix (53 pages) to ' ChristianResearches in Syria and the HolyLand,' &c., by William Jowett, Lon-don, Seeley & Son, 1S25. 8vo. Re-printed by same publishers in fol-lowing year. See also Jowett.Greenhow, R.: History . . of Tri-poli, with some accounts of the other


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BIBLIOGRAPHY.Barbary Stales, Richmond, U.S.,1835-

Gros, E. See Dion Cassius.Grosjean : Le TcU'p-aphe en Tunisie,

art. in 'Annales Telegraphiques,'i860, iii.

Grote, George: A History of Greece.Fourth Edition, with portrait, maps,and plans, &c. London, 1872. 8vo.,lovols. Other editions : 1846, 1854,1862,1869. Translated into Frenchby A. L. de Sadous as : Histoire dela Grhe, Paris, 1864-67. 8vo., 19vols. Maps and plans. Into Ger-man by N. N. W. Meissner, as : Ge-schichleGriechcnlands, Leipzig, 18150-55. 8vo., 6 vols. Contains 'somesensible remarks' concerning Car-thage.

GUBERNATIS, ENRICO DE : Letteresulla Tunisia, &a