1

A Bibliography of Acoustic Seabed Classification

L.J. Hamilton(1)(2)

(1) Defence Science and Technology Organisation (DSTO) PO Box 44, Pyrmont, NSW 2009, Australia Email: les.hamilton@dsto.defence.gov.au (2) CRC For Coastal Zone, Estuary and Waterway Management Table of Contents Abstract .................................................................................................................................... 3

Introduction.............................................................................................................................. 3

Acknowledgements.................................................................................................................. 3

Acoustic Seabed Classification................................................................................................ 4

Scientific & Technical Papers On The Use Of Roxann From The Stenmar Website ........ 45

Papers Mostly Dealing With Roxann From The Sonavision Website ............................... 50

Multibeam .............................................................................................................................. 55

Parametric Arrays .................................................................................................................. 77

Sidescan Sonar ....................................................................................................................... 79

Sub Bottom Profiling ........................................................................................................... 102

References Not Incorporated Into Main Document............................................................. 103

NATO SACLANTCEN Conference on High Frequency Acoustics in Shallow-Water, Lerici, Italy, 30 June to 4 July, 1997. ................................................................... 103

Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Underwater Acoustics, 1998............... 106

Selected abstracts from ECUA 2000 ................................................................................ 107

OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE Conference and Exhibition .................................................. 114

IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering Special Issue 2002............................................... 117

GAC Special Session SS8: Geology of Marine Habitat - Oral Presentations .................. 119

GAC Special Session SS8: Geology of Marine Habitat - Poster Presentations ............... 120

ISACS Reports ................................................................................................................. 121

Colloque "Caractérisation in-situ des fonds marins"........................................................ 128

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Abstract This bibliography lists references to papers, reports, abstracts and proceedings dealing with seabed classification or habitat mapping using acoustic techniques. Classification of seabed type may be made by using conventional single beam echosounders, or by technically more complex swathe sidescan and multibeam sonars. The systems process acoustic echoes from the seabed stimulated by sonar pings to produces estimates of seabed type and bottom backscatter. A few references are included for parametric systems and sub-bottom profilers. Papers deal with all facets of seabed acoustics, including theory and techniques, but the bulk of the references report empirical calibration and mapping results. Introduction This document lists papers dealing with acoustic seabed classification, for normal incidence systems using conventional single beam echosounders, and for multibeam and sidescan swathe sonar systems. A few references on parametric systems and sub-bottom profiling are also included. Acoustic bottom classifiers process the return echoes received by echosounders or sonars to make an estimation of seabed type e.g. mud, sand, gravel, rock; or alternatively, of habitat characteristics. The bibliography is unannotated, and papers have not been scanned for relevance or scientific content. Although merely a bare listing, the scope covered by the references should be useful to those seeking information about acoustic bottom classification, or on habitation classification methods for single beam, sidescan and multibeam sonar systems. Publications cover the gamut of underwater acoustics, biology, geology, signal processing, computing, visualization, and engineering. The use of acoustics for seabed mapping is increasingly popular, and has spawned a growing number of papers, but is still an active field of research. Acknowledgements CSIRO Marine Laboratories Australia provided some references. Some others were obtained from the web published document: Kvitek, R., Iampietro, P., Sandoval, E., Castleton, M., Bretz, C., Manouki, T. and Green, A. (1999). ‘Early Implementation of Nearshore Ecosystem Database Project. Final Report. Task 2: Habitat metadata catalog. Task 3: Review of procedures, protocols, technologies and providers for nearshore marine habitat mapping’. SIVA Resource Centre, Institute for Earth Systems Science and Policy, California State University, Monterey Bay 100 Campus Center, Seaside, CA 93955, USA. 131pp. [http://seafloor.Monterey.edu/~cahabmap/html%202%20web/finalreport.htm]

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Acoustic Seabed Classification Ainslie, M.A. (2005). The effect of centimetre scale impedance layering on the normal-incidence

seabed reflection coefficient. Boundary influences in high frequency, shallow water acoustics University of Bath, UK 5th-9th September 2005. [http://acoustics2005.bath.ac.uk/Abstracts/abstracts.html]

Alexandrou, D. and Pantzartzis, D. (1993). A methodology for acoustic seafloor classification. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 18(2): 81-86, Apr 1993.

Altenburg, R.A., K.W. Rehnn, and N.P. Chotiros. (1995). Sediment Classification and Bathymetry Data Acquired from the AN/UQN-4 Depth Sounder in Support of MTEDS. Austin, TX: University of Texas, Austin, Applied Research Laboratories, 25 October 1995. 55p.

Anderson, A., Butzi L., Lyons A., Abegg F., and Orsi T. (1994). Modelling acoustic interaction with as gassy seafloor including examples from Eckernförde Bay. Gassy Mud Workshop, 90-94.

Anderson, A.L., Abegg, F., Hawkins, J.A., Duncan, M.E. and Lyons, A.P. (1998). Bubble populations and acoustic interaction with the gassy floor of Eckernförde Bay. Continental Shelf Research, 18(14-15): 1807-1838.

Anderson A. L., Lyons A. P., Abegg F., Duncan M. E., Hawkins J. A. and Weitz R. A. (1995). Modeling acoustic volume scattering by a bubbly mud seafloor with examples from Eckernförde Bay. Workshop Modelling Methane-Rich Sediments of Eckernförde Bay, 243-245.

Anderson, J.T. (2001). Classification of marine habitats using submersible and acoustic seabed techniques. Spatial Processes and Management of Marine Populations, Alaska Sea Grant College Program, AK-SG-01-02.

Anderson, J.T., Gregory R.S. and Collins W.T. (2002). Acoustic classification of marine habitats in coastal Newfoundland. ICES Journal of Marine Science, February 2002, vol. 59, iss. 1, pp. 156-167. [QTC]

Andrieux, N., Delachartre P., Vray D., Gimenez G. and Dziedzic A. (1995). Lake-bottom recognition using a wideband sonar system and time frequency analysis. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 98(1) p.552-559.

Anon (1995). Mapping fresh-water sediments with an acoustic bottom-discrimination system. Lake and Reservoir Management.

Anonymous (1995). Automatic Detection and Mapping of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation - the SAV Early Warning System (SAVEWS) - U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station Information Package, Vicksburg, MS. 3pp

Applied Physics Laboratory (1984). APL-UW-8407. Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle.

Applied Physics Laboratory (1989). High Frequency Ocean Environmental Acoustic Models. Technical Report APL-UW TR-8907, November 1989. Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle.

Applied Physics Laboratory (1994). APL-UW High Frequency Ocean Environmental Acoustic Models Handbook. Technical Report APL-UW TR-9407, October 1994. Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle.

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Aquatic Services Unit. (1998). Distribution of maerl beds in Irish waters and their potential for sustainable extraction-mapping using the RoxAnn system. Irish Hydrodata Limited, Bellygarvan, Cork.

Auster, P.J., C. Michalopoulos, R. Robertson, P.C. Valentine, K. Joy, and V. Cross. (1998). Use of acoustic methods for classification and monitoring of seafloor habitat complexity: description of approaches, in N.W. Munro and J.H.M. Willison (eds), Linking Protected Areas with Working Landscapes, Conserving Biodiversity. Science and Management of Protected Areas Association, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, pp 186-197.

Baffi, S.T., R.H. Wilkens, M.D. Richardson, S.S. Fu and S.R. Griffin. In situ acoustic dispersion in shallow carbonate sands, 20-100 kHz. Submitted Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

Baker, A.C., Anastasiadis, K. and Humphrey, V.F. (1988). The non-linear pressure field of a plane circular piston: theory and experiment. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1988, 84 (4), pp.1483-1487.

Bakiera, D. and Stepnowski, A. (1996). Method of the sea bottom classification with a division of the first echo signal. Proceedings of the XIIIth Symposium on Hydroacoustics, Gdynia-Jurata, 55-60.

Bates, C.R. and Whitehead, E.J. (2001). ECHOplus measurements in Hopavagen Bay, Norway. The Oceanography Society, Biennial Scientific Meeting, April 2001.

Bates, R., Davies, J. and B. Foster-Smith. (2001). Using seabed visualisations from acoustic systems to support the monitoring and management of marine protected areas. [AGDS, bathymetric sidescan] [www.st-andrews.ac.uk/~www_sgg/ personal/crblink/web/marine/sut.pdf]

Bax, N.J., R.J. Kloser, A. Williams, K. Gowlett-Holmes and T. Ryan. (1999). Seafloor habitat definition for spatial management in fisheries: a case study on the contintental shelf of south east Australia using acoustic and biotic assemblages. Oceanologica Acta 22(6), 705-719.

Beaudoin, J.D., J.V. Gardner, and J.E. Hughes Clarke. (2002). Bathymetry and acoustic backscatter of selected areas of the outer continental shelf, northwestern Gulf of Mexico, pp. 34, US Geological Survey, 2002. Report

Bennett, R.H., H. Li, M.D. Richardson, P. Fleischer, D.N. Lambert, D.J. Walter, K.B. Briggs, C.R. Rein, W.B. Sawyer, F.S. Carniaggo, D.C. Young and S.G. Tooma. (1992). Geoacoustic and geological characterization of surficial marine sediments by in situ probe and remote sensing techniques. In: R.G. Geyer (Ed.), CRC Handbook of Geophysical Exploration At Sea, 2nd Edition, Hydrocarbons. CRC Press, Baca Raton, FL.

Bentley, S.J. and M.D. Richardson. (2000). Biogenic influences on sediment porosity and shear strength of the shallow seabed: results from long-term meocosm study. Ocean Sciences Meeting in San Antonio. (Submitted Marine Geology. <2001>)

Bentley, S.J., M.D. Richardson and K.B. Briggs. (1999). Modeling Bioturbation: Biological influences on physical properties in the shallow seabed. Journal of the Mississippi Academy of Science, 44: 82.

Bergem, O., E. Pouliquen, G. Canepa, N.G. Pace. (1997). Time-evolution modeling of seafloor scatter: Experimental verification, SACLANTCEN Report 1997.

Bergem, O., E.Pouliquen, G.Canepa, N.G. Pace. (1999). 'Time evolution modelling of seafloor scatter Part 2: Experimental evaluation', J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., 105, No,6, pp.3142-3150, 1999.

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Bergem O., Pouliquen E. and Pace N.G. (1997). The effect of source movement on shallow water bottom backscatter. In: High frequency acoustics in shallow water, Lerici, Italy, June 30-July 4 1997. Editors Pace N. G. et al., NATO SACLANT Undersea Research Centre, p. 25-30.

Berkson, J. and Matthews, J. (1984). Statistical characterization of seafloor roughness. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, Volume 9, Issue 1, Jan 1984, Page(s):48 – 52.

Berntsen, B., O. Bergem, E. Pouliquen, N.G. Pace, "Preliminary studies of seafloor characterization using BORIS simulations", SACLANTCEN report, 1997.

Berry, M.V. (1973). The statistical properties of echoes diffracted from rough surfaces. Proc Royal Society Vol 273A, 611-654, 1973.

Bibee, L.D., Vaughan, W.C., Avera, W.E. (2002). Sediment Classification Using Fleet Sonars. 5th Intl. Symposium on Technology and The Mine Problem. 21-25 April, 2002. Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA.

Biffard, B., Ross Chapman, Steve Bloomer and Jon Preston. (2005). Single beam seabed classification: direct methods of classification and the problem of slope. [http://acoustics2005.bath.ac.uk/Abstracts/abstracts.html] [Generally, there are three categories of single beam acoustic seabed classification methods: acoustic impedance measurements, statistical segmentation of echo types and inversion of acoustic field data. The most commercially successful method is segmentation, because of cost and robustness to different echosounder systems and seabed types. The disadvantage of segmentation is it requires extensive ground-truthing. Since virtually all seabed sediment properties can be related by empirical regression relations, a simple direct acoustic measure of any single seabed property would be useful as a classification method. However, since are uniqueness and resolution issues with any single measure, a combination of measures would yield the best classification results. In this paper, we consider a different category in which physical properties of the seabed, such as attenuation, relief spectrum, etc, are measured directly. This approach uses the same cost-effective apparatus as used in conventional segmentation applications like QTC VIEW, RoxAnn, etc, but without the need for ground-truthing. We describe results for sea bed classification with a method that relates echo duration to sediment attenuation. The data utilized in our study include modelled echo time series, and field data from two British Columbia coastal fjords (one with wood debris), a river and a ROV-based gas hydrate survey. The method effectively compensates for the effects of water depth and seabed slope, which can introduce serious problems for conventional segmentation methods. Our analysis shows that slope lengthens echo time series up to 10 times, and biases bathymetry up to an error of 5%. The experimental results include comparisons of classifications derived from our new method to those from commercial segmentation methods]

Bjorno, L., J.S., Papadakis, P.J. Papadakis, J. Sageloli, J.P. Sessarego, S. Sun and M.I. Taroudakis. (1994). Identification of seabed data from acoustic reflections: theory and experiment, Acta Acoustica, vol 2, pp 359-374, October 1994.

Blondel, P., P. McCloghrie, Pace, N.G. G.J. Heald, R. Brothers. (2002). High-frequency bistatic bottom scattering: Modelling and experimental studies, in Proceedings of the Sixth European Conference on Underwater Acoustics ECUA-2002, Gdansk, Poland, 2002.

Blondel, P. (2002). Seabed classification at continental margins. 19 pp., in Ocean Margin Systems, G. Wefer, B. Jorgensen, M. Schluter, T. van Weering, D. Billett (eds), Springer Verlag, 2002

Blondel, P., M. Cosci, P. Dobbins, N. Jayasundere; Bistatic Sonars – Theory, Applications and Potential for Underwater Archaeology, 8 pp., Proc. First Internal Congress on the Application of Recent Advances in Underwater Detection and Survey Techniques to Underwater Archaeology, T. Akal, R.D. Ballard, G.F. Bass (eds), May 2004 (in press).

Blondel, P., Pace, N.G., G.J. Heald, R. Brothers. (2001). "High-frequency bistatic scattering: comparison of tank and sea experiments", Proc. of the Institute of Acoustics (T. Leighton et al., eds.), vol. 23, 2001.

Bloomer, S.F., Mosher, D.C., Collins, W.T. and Preston, J.M. (2001). Statistical approaches to sea floor and subbottom classification of acoustic data. Abstract. The Geology of Marine

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Habitat, a special symposium at the GAC/MAC meeting, St. John’s, Newfoundland. May 27-31, 2001. Sponsored by the Marine Geosciences Division (MGSD) of the Geological Association of Canada.

Boehme, H., Chotiros, N.P. (1988). Acoustic backscattering at low grazing angles from the ocean bottom. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 84, pp. 1018-1029, 1988.

Boehme, H., Chotiros, N.P., Churay, N.D. (1985). Bottom acoustic backscattering at low grazing angles in shallow water. Part I. Bottom backscattering strength. Proc. Inst. Acoust. 7 (Pt. 3), pp. 19-26, 1985.

Boehme, H., Chotiros, N.P., Rolleigh, L.D., Pitt, S.P., Garcia, A.L., Goldsberry, T.G., Lamb, R.A. (1985). Acoustic backscattering at low grazing angles from the ocean bottom. I. Bottom backscattering strength. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 77, pp. 962-974, 1985.

Borgeld, J.C., Hughes Clarke, J.E., Goff, J.A., Mayer, L.A. and Curtis, J.A. (1997). Acoustic backscatter of the 1995 flood deposit on the Eel River shelf: Marine Geology, submitted.

Bornhold, B.D., Collins, W.T., Harper, J.R., Currie, R.G. and Olynyk, H. (1997). A Multiparameter Approach to Nearshore Seabed Mapping - Case Studies from British Columbia, Canada., Abstract, Marine Benthic Habitats Conference, Noumea, New Caledonia, 10-16 November, 1997.

Bornhold, B.D., W. Collins and L. Yamanaka. (1999). Comparison of seabed characterization using sidescan sonar and acoustic classification technique. Proc. Canadian Coastal Conference 1999, 15pp.

Bornhold, B., R. Currie, D. Fox, J. Golden, H. Olynyk and D. Johnson. (1996). Habitat mapping southern Oregon continental shelf. p. 27-33. In: T. Curran (Editor). Proceedings of the Ocean Feature Classification Workshop. Institute of Ocean Sciences, Sidney, British Columbia, May 3, 1996

Boyle, F.A., N.P. Chotiros, Pace, N.G. O. Bergem, E. Michelozzi, E. Pouliquen. (1996). Analysis of broadband echo soundings over a gassy seabed, 3rd Joint Meeting Acoust. Soc. Amer. & Japan, Oct 1996

Boyle, F.A., N.P. Chotiros, Pace, N.G. O. Bergem. E. Pouliquen. (1997). An analysis of broadband echo sounder data over a gassy seabed, NATO SACLANTCEN Conf, "High Frequency Acoustics in Shallow water, Lerici, Italy, June 30-July 4 1997, p49-56.

Boyle, F.A., N.P. Chotiros, Pace, N.G. O. Bergem, E. Pouliquen. (1997). An investigation of seabed penetration and scattering via broadband echo soundings, 133rd Meeting Acoust.Soc.Amer. May 1997.

Bozzano R. and Siccardi A. (1997). A high frequency approach for seabed vegetation characterization. In: High frequency acoustics in shallow water. Editors Pace N. G. et al., NATO SACLANT Undersea Research Centre, p.57-64.

Brandes, H.G., A.J. Silva and D.J. Walter. (2002). Geo-acoustic characterization of a calcareous seabed in the Florida Keys. Marine Geology, 182(1-2): 77-102.

Brekhovskikh, L. and Lysanov, Y. (1982). Fundamentals of ocean acoustics. Ed. L. Felsen. Springer Series in Electrophysics Volume 8. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Breslin, J.J. (). Applications of seabed mapping using the RoxAnn hydroacoustic processor for fisheries development and environmental monitoring. [www.ices.dk/reports/asc/papers.htm]

Briggs, K.B. (1994). High Frequency Acoustic Scattering from Sediment Interface Roughness and Volume Inhomogeneities. Final report. Stennis Space Center, MS: Naval Research

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Laboratory Detachment, 5 December 1994. 156p.

Briggs, K.B. (1998). Spatial heterogeneity of acoustic bottom backscattering model parameters and predicted results. Journal of Acoustical Society of America. 104: 1812.

Briggs, K.B. (2002). Empirical relationships among sediment properties and acoustic properties of the Continental Shelf sea floor. 143rd Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America 03-07 June, 2002, Pittsburgh, PA. Journal of Acoustical Society of America, 111; in press.

Briggs, K.B., D.R. Jackson, and S. Stanic. (1999). The influence of sub-centimeter-scale seafloor roughness on measured and predicted high-frequency acoustic backscattering strength. Journal of Acoustical Society of America, 105: 1079.

Briggs, K.B., D.L.Lavoie, K.Stephens, M.D. Richardson and Y. Furukawa. (1996). Physical and geoacoustic properties of sediments collected for the Key West campaign, February 1995: a data report. NRL Memorandum Report NRL/MR/7431--96-2002: 00 pp.

Briggs, K.B., Lavoie, D.L., Williams, K. (2002). The effects of sediment structure on geoacoustic properties. Marine Geology, Vol 182, 1-2.

Briggs, K.B., Anthony P. Lyons, Kevin L. Williams, M.D. Richardson, and Darrell R. Jackson. (2001). Effects of changing roughness on acoustics scattering: (1) natural changes, pp. 375-3882. In: T.G. Leighton, G.J. Heald, H.D. Griffiths and G. Griffiths (Eds.) Acoustical Oceanography, Proceedings of the Institute of Acoustics, Vol. 23 Part 2.

Briggs, K.B. and D.B. Percival. (1997). Vertical porosity and velocity fluctuations in shallow-water surficial sediments and their use in modeling volume scattering. In, Pace, N.G. E. Pouliquen, O. Bergem, and A.P. Lyons (eds.), High frequency acoustics in shallow water, NATO SACLANT Undersea Research Center, La Spezia, Italy, pp. 65-73.

Briggs, K.B. and R.I. Ray. (1997). Seafloor roughness power spectra: Trends and implications for high-frequency acoustic modeling. In, R. Zhang and J. Zhou (eds.), Shallow-Water Acoustics, 21-25 April 1997, Beijing, China, China Ocean Press, pp. 347-352.

Briggs, K.B. and M.D. Richardson. (1994). In situ and laboratory sediment geoacoustic measurements in Eckernförde Bay sediments, pp. 39-46. In: Wever, T.F. (ed), Proceedings of a Gassy Mud Workshop held at the FWG, Kiel, Germany, 11-12 July 1994. FWG Report 14.

Briggs, K.B. and M.D. Richardson. (1995). Geoacoustic and physical properties of carbonate sediments from the Key West Campaign. SEPM Congress on Sedimentary Geology, St. Petersburg, FL, 13-16 Aug. 1995, p. 33.

Briggs, K.B. and M.D. Richardson. (1996). Preservation of surficial gradients of sediment porosity and shear strength in successive flood deposits off the Eel River, Northern California. Eos, 77: F316-317.

Briggs, K.B. and M.D. Richardson. (1996). Small-scale fluctuations in physical properties in surficial carbonate sediments. EOS 76: OS172.

Briggs, K.B. and Richardson, M.D. (1997). Small-scale fluctuations in acoustic and physical properties in surficial carbonate sediments and their relationship to bioturbation. Geo-Marine Letters, (17): 306-315.

Briggs, K.B. and M.D. Richardson. (2002). Sediment properties, grain size distributions, and acoustic scattering from the sea floor. EOS 83: OS86.

Briggs, K.B., M.D. Richardson and S.J. Bentley. (1998). Permeability of successive flood deposits off the Eel River, Northern California: Effects of bioturbation. Eos, 79: O34-35.

Briggs, K.B., M.D. Richardson, K.L. Williams and E. Thorsos. (1998). Measurement of grain

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bulk modulus using sound speed measurements through liquid/grain suspensions Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 104: 1788.

Briggs, K.B. and S. Stanic. (1998). High-frequency bottom backscattering from a homogeneous seabed, Journal of Acoustical Society of America 103: 3061.

Briggs, K.B. and D. Tang. (2002). Assessing the sediment volume contribution to scattering: bulk density fluctuations. Oceans ’02 MTS/IEEE Conference. 28-31 Oct., (CD) 2093-2097.

Briggs, K.B., Tang, D. (2003). Assessing the sediment volume contribution to scattering in SAX99 sediment: Sound-speed fluctuations. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 113(4) Pt. 2: 2319.

Briggs, K.B., K.L. Williams, D.R. Jackson, C.D. Jones, A.N. Ivakin and T.H. Orsi. (2002). Fine-scale sedimentary structure: implications for acoustic remote sensing. Marine Geology, 182(1-2): 141-159.

Briggs, K.B., Williams, K.L., and Lavoie, D.L. (2002). The effects of sediment structure on geoacoustic properties. Marine Geology, 182(1-2): 1-2.

Briggs K.B, Williams K.L., Richardson M.D., Jackson D.R. Effects of changing roughness on acoustic scattering: (1) natural changes.

Brill, M.H., Zabal, X. and S.L. Adams. (1984). Time spread of acoustic signals reflecting from a fixed rough boundary. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America -- April 1984 -- Volume 75, Issue 4, pp. 1062-1070.

Broffey, M. (1996). A study of coastal processes and material transportation at Kingsdown, Kent. Dept. of Ocean Sciences, University of Plymouth, Year 3 Dissertation. [RoxAnn] [Referenced by Hull and Nunny 1998]

Brown, C.J., Cooper, K.M., Meadows, W.J., Limpenny, D.S. and Rees, H.L. (2000). An assessment of two acoustic techniques as a means of mapping seabed assemblages in the Eastern English Channel. CM 2000/T:02 Theme Session on Classification and Mapping of Marine Habitats. International Council for the Exploration of the Sea.

Brown, C.J, Hewer, A.J., Meadows, W.J., Limpenny, D.S., Cooper, K.M., Rees, H.L. and Vivian, C.M.G. (2001). Mapping of gravel biotopes and an examination of the factors controlling the distribution, type and diversity of their biological communities. Science Series Technical Report Number 114, CEFAS Lowestoft , 43pp.

Brown, C.J., Meadows, W.J., Foster-Smith, R,L., White, W., Cooper, K.M., Hewer, A.J., Limpenny, D.S. and Rees, H.L. (2001). High resolution mapping of seabed habitats and assemblages, Hastings Shingle Bank, Eastern English Channel, using a combination of acoustic and biological sampling techniques. (Abstract) GAC-MAC Joint Annual meeting, St. John's, Newfoundland. Abstracts Volume 26.

Brown, C., Mitchell, A., Limpenny, D., Robertson, M., Service, M., Golding, N. (2004). Mapping seabed habitats in the Firth of Lorn, west coast of Scotland : Evaluation and comparison of biotope maps produced using the acoustic ground discrimination system, RoxAnn, and sidescan sonar. Geohab 2004.

Bryant, W.B., N.C. Slowey, and D.N. Lambert. (1995). Geotechnical and geoacoustic stratigraphy of the Dry Tortugas. The 1st SEPM Congress on Sedimentary Geology "Linked Earth Systems", Aug. 13-16, 1995, St. Petersberg Beach, FL. Abstract and poster presentation.

Buckingham, M.J. (1997). Theory of acoustic attenuation, dispersion, and pulse propagation in unconsolidated granular materials including marine sediments. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 102(5), Pt. 1,2579-2596.

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Burns D.R., Queen C.B., Sisk H., Mullarkey W. and Chivers R.C. (1989). Rapid and convenient acoustic sea-bed discrimination for fisheries applications. Proceedings of the Institute of Acoustics, Vol 11, Part 3, 169-178.

Caddell, S.E. (1998). Application of an acoustic seafloor classification system for benthic habitat assessment. Journal of Shellfish Research 17(5), 1459-1461.

Canepa, G., Bergem, O. and E. Pouliquen. (). The implementation of BORIS-3D: Bottom Response from Inhomogeneities and Surface. Version 1.01. SACLANTCEN M-125. 151pp.

Caruthers, J.W. and C.A. Fisher. (2002). Remote sensing classification using acoustical techniques. Final report for task 5, FY 01. University of Southern Mississippi. [List of commercially available acoustical classification equipment]

Caughey, D.A. and R.L. Kirlin (1996). Blind Deconvolution of Echo Sounder Envelopes. Presented ICASS 96. 1996 International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, page 3150. May 7-10. 1996. Marriott Marquis Hotel, Atlanta, Georgia. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Signal Processing Society.

Caughey D., Prager B., and Klymak J. (1994). Sea Bottom Classification from Echo Sounding Data. Contractor's Report 94-56 prepared for Defence Research Establishment Pacific, Canada. Document number SC93-019-FR-001, Quester Tangent Corporation, Marine Technology Centre, 99-9865 West Saanich Road, Sidney, British Columbia, V8L 3S1, Canada. 35pp

Chakraborty B. (1989). Effects of scattering due to seafloor microrelief on a multifrequency-sonar seabed profiler. JASA 85(4), 1478-1481.

Chakraborty B. (2002). Application of model and model free techniques for acoustic backscatter bases seafloor classification. Multibeam User Conference 2002, Kiel, Germany.

Chakraborty B. (2002). A neural network based seafloor classification using acoustic backscatter. Advances in soft computing - AFSS 2002. 2nd ed.. eds. by: Pal, N.R.; Sugeno, M.(2002 AFSS Int. Conf. on Fuzzy Systems; Calcutta; India; 3-6 Feb 2002). (Lecture Notes in Computer Science Artificial Intelligence; 2275). Springer-Verlag; Berlin, Heidelberg; 2002; 245-250.

Chakraborty, B., Kaustubha, R., Hegde, A., Pereira, A. (2001). Acoustic seafloor sediment classification using self-organizing feature maps. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens.: 39(12); 2001; 2722-2725.

Chakraborty, B., Mahale, V., DeSouza, C., Das, P. (2004). Seafloor classification using echo-waveforms: A method employing hybrid neural network architecture. IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett.: 1(3); 2004; 196-200.

Chakraborty, B.; Pathak, D. (1993). Studies on sound signal scattering from varying seabed sediments of the western continental shelf of India: Cochin to Mangalore. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Ocean Electronics, 15-17 December 1993. (Natl. Symp. on Ocean Electronics; Cochin; India; 15-17 Dec 1993). CSIR; New Delhi; 1993; 94-99.

Chakraborty, B., Raju, Y.S.N., Nair, R.R. (1991). Nodule bottom backscattering study using multibeam echosounder. Proc. Nat. Symp. on Ocean Electronics, 18-20 December 1991, SYMPOL-91. CUSAT; 1992; 67-70.

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White, W.H., A.R. Harborne, I.S. Sotheran, R. Walton, R.L. Foster-Smith (2003). Using an Acoustic Ground Discrimination System to map coral reef benthic classes. International Journal of Remote Sensing, Volume 24, Number 13, pp2641-2660.

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Acoustic Seabed Classification

Whiticar M. J. (1982). The presence of methane bubbles in the acoustically turbid sediments of Eckernförde Bay, Baltic Sea. In The Dynamic Environment of the Ocean Floor (ed. K. A. Fanning and F. T. Manheim). Lexington Books, MA.

Wienberg, C. (2003). The impact of dredge spoil dumping on coastal morphodynamics monitored by high-resolution acoustic measuring instruments (outer Weser Estuary, German Bight). Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Naturwissenschafte. Universitat Bremen. 100pp [QTC, sidescan]

Wilding, T.A., Provost, P.G. and Sayer, M.D.J. Factors affecting the performance of the acoustic ground discrimination system RoxAnn™. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 60, No. 6, 1373-1380.

Wildish, D.J., Fader, G.B.J, Lawton, P. and MacDonald, A.J. (1998). The acoustic detection and characteristics of sublittoral bivalve reefs in the Bay of Fundy. Continental Shelf Research 18, p. 105 - 113.

Wilkens, R.H. and M.D. Richardson. (1998). The influence of gas bubbles on sediment acoustic properties: In situ, laboratory and theoretical results from Eckernförde Bay, Baltic Sea, Germany. Continental Shelf Research, (18): 1859-1892.

Williams K. L. and Jackson D. R. (1995). Acoustic scattering measurements at 40 kHz. Workshop Modelling Methane-Rich Sediments of Eckernförde Bay, 97-103.

Williams KL, Jackson DR. (1998). Bistatic bottom scattering: Model, experiments, and model/data comparison. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 1998; 103, 169-181.

Williams, Kevin, Jackson, Darrell, Thorsos, Eric, Tang, Dajun, Briggs, Kevin B. (2002). Spatial and temporal variability in bottom roughness: Implications to high frequency subcritical penetration and backscatter. 2002. Proceedings of Professional Society Conference. Impact of Littoral Environmental Variability On Acoustic Predictions and Sonar Performance. 195-202.

Williams, Kevin L., Jackson, Darrell R., Thorsos, Eric I., Tang, Dajun and Briggs, Kevin B. (2002). Acoustic Backscattering Experiments in a Well Characterized Sand Sediment: Data/Model Comparisons Using Sediment Fluid and Biot Models. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 27(3): 376-.

Williams, K.L., Michael D. Richardson, Kevin B. Briggs and Darrell R. Jackson. (2001). Scattering of high-frequency acoustic energy from discrete scatterers on the seafloor: glass spheres and shells, pp. 369-374. In: T.G. Leighton, G.J. Heald, H.D. Griffiths and G. Griffiths (Eds.) Acoustical Oceanography, Proceedings of the Institute of Acoustics, Vol. 23 part 2.

Williamson, A. (1998). Use of acoustics in remote sensing of the seabed. Hydro Int Vol 2, No. 2, 51-53.

Wilson, M.A. (1998). Normal-Incidence, High-Frequency Bottom Penetration in the Soft Gassy Sediment of Eckernforde Bay, Germany. Naval Research Lab Stennis Space Center Report Number: A827343.

Wilson, M.A., Farwell, R.W. and S. Stanic. (1993). Statistics of shallow water, high-frequency acoustic scattering and propagation. IEEE Oceans ’93 Proceedings.

Wong H. and Chesterman W.D. (1968). Bottom backscattering near grazing incidence in shallow water. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 44, No. 6, 1713-1718.

Wood, W.T. (1995). Modeling scattered elastic waves from 3-D heterogeneous media by Ray Tracing, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, Vol. 75, no. 44, p. 422, November 1, 1994.

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Acoustic Seabed Classification

Wood, W.T., J.F. Gettrust, and M. M. Rowe. (1997). Methane flux through the hydrate stability zone in the Blake Ridge, Eos, Transactions of the AGU, V. 78, No. 46, 1997

Wood, W. T., Holbrook, W. S., H. Hoskins, M. M. Rowe, J.F. Gettrust. (1996). Attenuation of seismic waveforms through methane hydrate and gas stability zones on the Blake Ridge, Presented at AGU Fall Meeting, Eos, Transactions (1996) V. 77, p. F322.

Wood, W.T., Lindwall, D., Vaughan W.C., Gettrust, J.F. 2002. High resolution seismic images of the Blake Ridge diapir methane hydrate stability zone. EOS Transactions of the American Geophysical Union . AGU 83(47), 762. Fall Meeting Supplement. OS11E-07

Wood, W.T., M. M. Rowe, and J.F. Gettrust. 1995. Very high resolution 2-D seismic modeling of the base of methane hydrate in the Blake Ridge, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, Vol. 76, no. 17, p. s164, April 25, 1995.

Young, D.K. and P.J. Valent. Marine Biological Mapping for Environment Management Using Acoustic Ground Discrimination Systems and Geographic Information Systems.

Zigler, S.J. and R.J. Kennedy (2004). Feasibility of using acoustic methods for detecting unionid mussels. North American Benthological Society (NABS) Annual Meeting, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [RoxAnn]

44

Acoustic Seabed Classification

Scientific & Technical Papers On The Use Of Roxann From The Stenmar Website

ID Author Institution Paper Title 1 B.H. Magorrian School of Biology and

Biochemistry, Queens University of Belfast

2 M. Service Aquatic Sciences Research Division, Dept of Agriculture, Northern Ireland

3 W. Clarke Aquatic Sciences Research Division, Dept of Agriculture, Northern Ireland

An Acoustic Bottom Classification Survey of Strangford Lough, Northern Ireland

4 Ola Oskarsson President of the MMT. AB RoxAnn Seabed Analysis; Oresound Strait Bridge Project

5 I.C.E.S. Fisheries Acoustics Science and Technology working group meeting, April 1994

Automatic Detection of Posidonia (Sea grass) by RoxAnn

6 D.G. Reid SOAFD Marine Laboratory, Aberdeen

Relationships between Herring School Distribution and Sea Bed Substrate Derived from RoxAnn

7 N.A. Rukavina National Water Research Institute, Environment Canada, Canada

8 S. Caddell Marine Micro Systems, Aberdeen

Applications of an Acoustic Sea-Bed Classification System to Freshwater Environmental Research and Remediation in Canada

9 George E.O. Schlagintweit CLS

Canadian Hydrographic Service, Department of Fisheries and Oceans

Real-Time Acoustic Bottom Classification for Hydrography; A Field Evaluation of RoxAnn

10

Victorian Fisheries Research Institute

Department of Conservation and Natural Resources

Marine and Coastal Special Investigation Offshore Survey of Selected Areas

11 R.C. Chivers 12

N. Emerson

13 D.R. Burns

Marine Microsystems Limited, Ireland

New Acoustic Processing for Underway Surveying

14 N.A. Rukavina National Water Research Institute, Ontario

Substrate Mapping in the Great Lakes Nearshore Zone with a RoxAnn Acoustic Sea-Bed Classification System

15 S.E. Caddell Marine Micro Systems Limited, Aberdeen

16 M. Service Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland, Northern Ireland

Acoustic Mapping of Shellfish Habitats

17 Rob Walton SeaMap Research Group, Dept of Marine Sciences and Coastal Management, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne

18 Alistair Harborne Coral Hay Conservation, London

Habitat Mapping in Tropical Coastal Environments Using an Acoustic Ground Discrimination System (AGDS)

19 Larry Murphy Submerged Cultural Resources Unit, New Mexico

20 Tim Leary Florida Marine Research Institute, Florida

21 Andrew Williamson Marine Micro Systems Limited, Aberdeen

Standardizing Seabed Classification Techniques; Hydro-Acoustic Instrumentation Is Objective, Non-Intrusive, Efficient; Replaces Subjective Interpretations

22 G.J. Heald Defence Research Agency, Dorset and University of Bath, Bath

An Analysis of 1st and 2nd Backscatter for Seabed Classification

45

Acoustic Seabed Classification

23 N.G. Pace University of Bath, Bath ID Author Title of Reference Date Original Document for

Reference 24 R.A. Brown Bottom trawling in Sangford

Lough; Problems And Policies 1989 Proceedings from the North

Sea Meeting, Rotterdam 25 R.C. Chivers, N.

Emerson, D.R. Burns

New acoustic processing for underway surveying

1990 The Hydrographic Journal, no 56

26 Department for the Environment for Northern Ireland

Strangford Lough- proposed marine nature reserve. Guide to designation

1994 DOE9NI)/HMSO

27 D.G. Erwin A diving survey of Strangford Lough; the benthic communities and their relation to substrate- a preliminary account

1977 Biology of Benthic organisms; 11th European Symposium on Marine Biology

28 C.D Roberts, B.E. Picton, D.W. Connor, C.M. Howson, P, Gilleece, M.J. Bogues

The Northern Ireland sublittoral survey

1986 Ulster Museum Belfast: HMSO

29 C.D. Roberts Investigations into a Modiolus modiolus(L) (Mollusca: Bivalvia) community in Strangford Lough, Northern Ireland

1975 Report; Underwater Association (New Series)

30 M. Service The impact of commercial trawling on the benthos of Srangford Lough

1990 Department of Economic Development

31 C.W. Haegele, J.F. Schweigert

Distribution and characteristics of herring spawning grounds and description of spawning behaviour

1985 Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci

32 J.A. Morrison, I.R. Napier, J.C. Gamble

Mass morality of herring eggs associated with a sedinting diatom bloom

1991 I.C.E.S. J. Mar. Sci.

33 E.J. Simmonds, N.J. Williamson, F. Gerlotto, A. Aglen

Survey design and analysis procedures: A comprehensive review of good practise

1991 I.C.E.S CM 1991/B:54

34 E.J. Simmonds, A. Domasnes, A. Aglen, A, Corten and D.G. Reid

1992 I.C.E.S. coordinated acoustic survey of I.C.E.S. divisions iva, ivb, via

1993 I.C.E.S. CM 1993/H:11. Herring Assessment W.G.

35 R.R. Sokal and F.J. Rohlf

Biometry 1969 W.H. Freeman, San Francisco

36 K. Staehr and T. Neudecker

Report on the acoustic survey 1989 I.C.E.S. sub div 22,23,24. I.C.M.S. CM/ J

37 D. Burns, N. Emerson

Remote Sensing of Seabed Resources and Engineering Properties

1988 Science and technology of ocean management International conference

38 D.R. Burns, C.B. Queen, H. Sisk, W. Mullarkey and R.C. Chivers

Rapid and Convenient Acoustic Sea Bed Discrimination for Fisheries Applications

1989 Proceedings of the Institute of Acoustics, Volume 11, Part 3

39 R.C. Chivers, and D. Burns

On the Detection of Fish Close to the Sea Bed

1985 Acoustic Letters Volume 9, No 5

40 N.A.Rukavina Volume and properties of St Lawrence river bed sediments at the proposed Courtaulds dredging site, Cornwall, Ontario

1994 N.W.R.I. New Technologies Research Branch Contribution 94-154

41 N.A. Rukavina Bottom sediments of the St. 1996 N.W,R.I. New

46

Acoustic Seabed Classification

Clair River at Sarnia, Ontario Technologies Research Branch Contribution No 96-200

42 N.A. Rukavina Site selection and GIS analysis of a contaminated-sediment distribution and volume for the proposed Courtaulds dredge site , Cornwall, Ontario

1996 N.W.R.I. New Technologies Research Branch Contribution No 96-204

43 N.A. Rukavina, R.J. Delorme

G.I.S. estimates of contaminated-sediment volume in the Lac Saint-Louis and Lac Saint-Pierre

1992 N.W.R.I. Lakes Research Branch Contribution No. 92-64

44 A. Williamson, F. Ogilvie

RoxAnn Remote Data Acquisition and Classification of Sea Bed Surface Material Types from Echo Sounder Signal Returns

1994 International Conferencence Underwater Acoustics

45 A.J. Zeman, T.S. Patterson

Results of in-situ capping demonstration project in Hamilton Harbour, Lake Ontario

1996 N.W.R.I. Aquatic Ecosystem Restoration Branch Contribution No. 96-75

46 R.C. Chivers, D. Burns

Processing of echo-sounder signals for real-time surveying

1991 Meeting on Sonar Signal Processing. Loughborough, 1991 pp. 206-211

47 D. Burns, C.B. Queen, R.C. Chivers

Ground and fish discrimination in underwater acoustics

1985 Proc. Ultrasonics International 85 pp. 49-54, I.P.C. Press Guildford

48 J.R. Jensen Introductory digital image processing

1986 Englewood Cliffs, Prentice-Hall , p. 225

49 D.C.Burns, C.B. Queen, R.C. Chivers

An ultrasonic signal processor for use in underwater acoustics

1985 Ultrasonics Vol. 23, pp. 189-191

50 R.C. Chivers, D. Burns

Acoustic surveying of the sea bed

1992 Acoustics Bulletin Jan/Feb, pp. 5-9

51 R.C. Chivers, D. Burns

Remote acoustic sensing of the sea bed

1991 Acoustic Sensing and Probing, A. Alippi ed., Singapore, World Scientific, pp. 343-353

52 R.C. Chivers, D. Burns, H. Sisk

Analysis of echo sounder signals for sea bed characterization

1989 Proc. Ultrasonics International 89 Conference, Madrid pp. 423-429

53 L.H. King Use of a conventional echo sounder and textural analyses in delineating sedimentary facies; Scotian shelf

1967 Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 4, 691-708

54 T.M. Lillesland, R.W. Kiefer

Remote sensing and image interpretation

1987 John Wiley and Sons, New York 668-705

55 D.R. Parrott, D.J. Dodds, L.H. King, P.G. Simpkin

Measurement and evaluation of the acoustic reflectivity of the sea floor

1980 Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 17, 722-737

56 R.C. Chivers Reflection from media with continuous variations of density, sound, speed and attention

1989 Proc. I.O.A. Vol. 11 (part 5) pp. 470-476

57 R.C. Chivers, W.J. Mullarkey

The relationship between dynamic range and time-varied-gain parameters in pulse-echo systems

1989 Acoust. Lett. Vol. 12 pp. 151-156

58 R.C. Chivers, F. Santosa

Numerical considerations for interface reflections in medical ultrasound

1986 Phys. Med. Biol. Vol. 31 pp. 819-837

47

Acoustic Seabed Classification

59 Z. Jagodzinsky Multiple echos in echo-sounders and the possibility of detection of small targets

1960 Int. Hydrographic Review, Vol 37. No 1 pp. 63-68

60 C.M. McKinney, C.D. Anderson

Measurements of backscattering of sound from the ocean bottom

1964 J. Acoust. Soc.Amer. Vol. 36, pp. 158-163

61 A. Orlowski Applications of multiple echos energy measurement for evaluation of sea bed type

1984 Oceanologia. Vol. 19, pp. 61-78

62 N.G. Pace Swathe classification of the sea beds

1987 Acoustics and Ocean Bottom (Ed. C. Carbo-Fite, A. Lara-Saenz, C. Ranz-Guerra) II F.A.S.E. Specialized Conference, C.S.I.C. Madrid, pp. 59-66

63 N.G. .Pace, R.V. Ceen

Sea bed classification using the backscattering of normally incident broadband acoustic pulses

1982 Hydrographic J. Vol. 26 pp. 9-16

64 J. Prescott The second International Hydrographic Technical Conference, Plymouth, 1984- A Review

1984 Hydrographic J.Vol. 34 pp. 21-22

65 R.J. Urick The backscattering of sound from a harbour bottom

1954 J. Acoust. Soc. Amer. Vol. 26 pp. 231-235

66 H.K. Wong, W.D. Chesterman

Bottom backscattering near grazing incidence in shallow water

1968 J. Acoust. Soc. Amer. Vol. 44. Pp 1713-1718

67 S.E. Caddell, T. Leary, T. Smith, L. Murphy

A field proven system for the remote aquasistion, discrimination and mapping of sea bed material from single beam echo-sounder returns

1995 Proceedings 3rd Conference on Remote Sensing for Marine and Coastal Environments , Seattle, Washington, September 1995.

68 N.A. Rukavina Nearshore sediment survey of western Lake Ontario, methods and preliminary results

1969 Proceedings 12th Conf. Great Lakes Res. , I.A.G.L.R. PP. 317-324

69 N.A. Rukavina 1996 RoxAnn survey of Lake Ontario nearshore sediments at the Darlington Nuclear Generating Station: preliminary report

1996 N.W.R.I. Contribution No. 96-204A

70 N.A. Rukavina 1995-96 RoxAnn survey of the Toronto nearshore zone and Toronto Harbour: preliminary report

1996 N.W.R.I. Contribution No, 96-205

71 N.A. Rukavina, S.E. Caddell

Applications of an acoustic sea bed classification system to freshwater environmental research and remediation in Canada

1997 Proceedings 4th Conference on Remote Sensing for Marine and Coastal Environments. Orlando Florida.

72 Council of European Communities

Council Directive 92/43/EEC: On the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora

1992 Official Journal of the European Communities. L206/7

73 M. Service RoxAnn Survey of mussel Mytilus edulis resources in Lough Foyle

1996 D.A.N.I. International Report

74 M. Service RoxAnn Survey of Mussel Mytilus edulis resources in Carlingford Lough

1997 D.A.N.I. International Report

48

Acoustic Seabed Classification

75 J. Davies, R.L. Foster-Smith, I.S. Sotheran

Remote sensing in the dark: Biological resource mapping in turbid water using sonar

1997 Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Remote Sensing for Marine and Coastal Environments, pp. Ii-355-364. Environmental Research Institute of Michigan, An Arbour, USA

76 J. Davies, R.L. Foster-Smith, I. Sotheran, R. Walton, D. Donnan

Post-processing acoustic ground discrimination data for detailed biological resource mapping

1998 Proceedings of the Canadian Hydrographic Conference: Turning Data into Dollars. March 10-12, 1998

77 R. Foster-Smith, J.Davies, I.Sotheran

Is the RoxAnn ground discrimination system a useful tool for remote sensing and mapping of subtidal benthic marine habitats?

1998 Proceedings of the Canadian Hydrographic Conference: turning data into dollars. March 10-12, 1998

78 E.P. Green, P.J. Mumby, A.J. Edwards, C.D. Clarke

A Review of Remote Sensing for the Assessment and Management of Tropical Coastal Resources

1996 Coastal Management, 24, 1-40

79 A. Harborne, A. Gill, P. Raines, J. Ridley

Danjugan Island Marine Reserve Summery Report prepared by Coral Cay Conservation on behalf of the Philippine Reef and Rainforest Conservation Foundation Inc

1996

80 L. Murphy, T. Leary, A. Williamson

Standardising seabed classification techniques

1995 Sea Technology, 36, 15-19

81 I.S. Sotheran, R.L. Foster-Smith, J. Davies

Mapping marine benthic habitats using image processing techniques with a raster-based geographic information system

1997 Estuarine and Coastal Shelf

82 R.C.Chivers, C.G.Meenan

Modelling of Sea bed classification systems

1992 Inst. Of Physics

83 A. Orlowski Application of multiple echos energy measurement for evaluation of sea-bottom type

1984 Oceanologica

84 N.G. Pace Acoustic backscatter sea-bed characteristics

1990 Proc. Institute of Acoustics, Vol. 12, Part 2

85 Z.K.S. Al-Hamdarri Laboratory studies of underwater acoustic backscattering from rough surfaces

1984 PhD. Thesis- University of Bath

49

Acoustic Seabed Classification

Papers Mostly Dealing With Roxann From The Sonavision Website http://www.sonavision.co.uk/pages/papers.html Sonavision Ltd., 16 Denmore Industrial Estate, Denmore Road, Aberdeen, AB23 8JW, Scotland,

UK.Tel: +44 (0)1224 827288 Fax: +44 (0)1224 827290 E-mail: sonavision@aol.com

Z.K.S. Al-Hamdarri: Labroratory studies of underwater acoustic backscattering from rough surfaces, 1984 PhD. Thesis- University of Bath.

Richard Bates, Sedimentary Systems Research Group, University of St Andrews , Jon Davies, Marine Information Team, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Bob Foster-Smith, SeaMap Research Group, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Using seabed visualisations from acoustic systems to support the monitoring and management of marine protected areas. http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/academic/geogeosci/personal/crblink/web/marine/SUT.PDF

D. A. Brickett, C. Maggs & M. J. Dring: MAERL: An overview of dynamics and sensitivity characteristics for conservation management of marine SACs. http://www.englishnature.org/uk-marine/reports/pdfs/maerl.pdf

R.A. Brown: Bottom trawling in Sangford Lough; Problems And Policies, 1989 Proceedings from the North Sea Meeting, Rotterdam.

D. Burns, N. Emerson: Remote sensing of seabed resources and engineering properties, 1988 Science and Technology of Ocean Management International Conference.

D.C. Burns, C.B. Queen, R.C. Chivers: An ultrasonic signal processor for use in underwater acoustics, 1985 Ultrasonics Vol. 23, pp. 189-191.

D. Burns, C.B. Queen, R.C. Chivers: Ground and fish discrimination in underwater acoustics, 1985 Proc. Ultrasonics International 85 pp. 49-54, I.P.C. Press Guildford.

D.R. Burns, C.B. Queen, H. Sisk, W. Mullarkey, R.C. Chivers: Rapid and convenient acoustic sea bed discrimination for fisheries applications, 1989 Proceedings of the Institute of Acoustics, Volume 11, Part 3.

S.E. Caddell, Marine Micro Systems Limited; M. Service, Dept. of Agriculture for N. Ireland: Acoustic mapping of shellfish habitats, 1998 Proceedings 3rd Conference on Remote Sensing for Marine and Coastal Environments, San Deigo, USA, 1998

S.E. Caddell, T. Leary, T. Smith, L. Murphy: A field proven system for the remote acquisistion, discrimination and mapping of sea bed material from single beam echo-sounder returns, 1995 Proceedings 3rd Conference on Remote Sensing for Marine and Coastal Environments, Seattle, Washington, September 1995.

R.C. Chivers: Reflection from media with continuous variations of density, sound, speed and attenuation, 1989 Proc. I.O.A. Vol. 11 (part 5) pp. 470-476.

R.C. Chivers, D. Burns: On the detection of fish close to the seabed, 1985 Acoustic Letters Volume 9, No 5.

R.C. Chivers, D. Burns: Acoustic surveying of the seabed, 1992 Acoustics Bulletin Jan/Feb, pp. 5-9.

R.C. Chivers, D. Burns: Remote acoustic sensing of the seabed, 1991 Acoustic Sensing and Probing, A. Alippi ed., Singapore, World Scientific, pp. 343-353.

50

Acoustic Seabed Classification

R.C. Chivers, D. Burns: Processing of echo-sounder signals for real-time surveying, 1991 Meeting on Sonar Signal Processing. Loughborough, 1991 pp. 206-211.

R.C. Chivers, D. Burns, H. Sisk: Analysis of echo sounder signals for seabed characterization, 1989 Proc. Ultrasonics International 89 Conference, Madrid pp. 423-429

R.C. Chivers, N. Emerson, D.R. Burns: New acoustic processing for underway surveying, 1990 The Hydrographic Journal, No. 5.

R.C. Chivers, C.G. Meenan: Modelling of seabed classification systems, 1992 Inst. Of Physics.

R.C. Chivers, W.J. Mullarkey: The relationship between dynamic range and time-varied-gain parameters in pulse-echo systems, 1989 Acoust. Lett. Vol. 12 pp. 151-156.

Kimberly B. Cole, Delaware Coastal Programs, Division of Soil and Water Conservation, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control: US EPA National Estuary Program. http://www.epa.gov/owow/estuaries/coastlines/aug02/underthesea.html

Conolly, N. (2000). How do you map the seafloor? Measure & Map, Issue 9, July-August 2000. http://www.gisuser.com.au/MM/content/2000/MM09/feature/MM09_feature.html

J. Davies, R.L. Foster-Smith, I.S. Sotheran: Remote sensing in the dark: Biological resource mapping in turbid water using sonar, 1997 Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Remote Sensing for Marine and Coastal Environments, pp. Ii-355-364. Environmental Research Institute of Michigan, Ann Arbour, USA.

J. Davies, R.L. Foster-Smith, I. Sotheran, R. Walton, D. Donnan: Post-processing acoustic ground discrimination data for detailed biological resource mapping, 1989 Proceedings of the Canadian Hydrographic Conference: Turning Data into Dollars. March 10-12, 1998.

Bob Foster-Smith, SeaMap, Craig Brown, CEFAS, Bill Meadows, CEFAS, Ivor Rees, School of Ocean Sciences, University College of North Wales: Procedural Guideline 1-3, Seabed mapping using acoustic ground discrimination interpreted with ground truthing. http://www.jncc.gov.uk/marine/mmh/Pg 1-3.pdf

R. Foster-Smith, J. Davies, I. Sotheran: Is the RoxAnn ground discrimination system a useful tool for remote sensing and mapping of subtidal benthic marine habitats? 1998 Proceedings of the Canadian Hydrographic Conference: Turning data into Dollars. March 10-12, 1998

L.J. Hamilton, Defence Science and Technology Organisation (DSTO): RoxAnn acoustic seabed classification of Sydney Harbour. http://www.dsto.defence.gov.au/corporate/conferences/swsurvey/1999/fullabstracts.html#_Toc463154978

Alistair Harborne, Coral Hay Conservation; Rob Walton, SeaMap Research Group, Dept of Marine Sciences and Coastal Management, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne Habitat: Mapping in tropical coastal environments using an acoustic ground discrimination system (AGDS).

I.C.E.S. Fisheries Acoustics Science and Technology working group meeting, April 1994: Automatic detection of Posidonia (sea grass) by RoxAnn.

Z. Jagodzinsky: Multiple echos in echo-sounders and the possibility of detection of small targets, 1960 Int. Hydrographic Review, Vol 37. No 1 pp. 63-68.

J.R. Jensen: Introductory digital image processing, 1986 Englewood Cliffs, Prentice-Hall , p. 225.

51

Acoustic Seabed Classification

A. J. Kenny , E. Andrulewicz, H. Bokuniewicz, S. E. Boyd, J. Breslin, C. Brown, I. Cato, J. Costelloe, M. Desprez, C. Dijkshoorn, G. Fader, R. Courtney, S. Freeman, B. de. Groot, L. Galtier, S. Helmig, H. Hillewaert, J. C. Krause, B. Lauwaert, H. Leuchs, G. Markwell, M. Mastowske, A. J. Murray, P. E. Nielsen, D. Ottesen, R. Pearson, M-J. Rendas, S. Rogers, R. Schuttenhelm, A. Stolk, J. Side, T. Simpson, S. Uscinowicz, and M. Zeiler. Sea Fisheries Dept., University of Ghent: An overview of seabed mapping technologies in the context of marine habitat classification. http://www.dvz.be/WGEXT/ASC_Paper.htm

L.H. King: Use of a conventional echo sounder and textural analyses in delineating sedimentary facies, Scotian shelf, 1967 Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 4, 691-708

Mark Lazzari, Slade Moore, Seth Barker: Penobscot Bay juvenile fish habitat, Dept. of Marine Resources, Maine [RoxAnn]. http://www.maine.gov/dmr/ecologystudy/juvenile_fish_habitat.htm

B.H. Magorrian School of Biology and Biochemistry, Queens University of Belfast, M. Service, W. Clarke, Aquatic Sciences Research Division, Dept of Agriculture, Northern Ireland: An acoustic bottom classification survey of Strangford Lough, Northern Ireland.

C.M. McKinney, C.D. Anderson: Measurements of backscattering of sound from the ocean bottom, 1964 J. Acoust. Soc.Amer. Vol. 36, pp. 158-163.

A. Orlowski: Application of multiple echos energy measurement for evaluation of sea-bottom type, 1984 Oceanologica.

A. Orlowski: Applications of multiple echos energy measurement for evaluation of sea bed type, 1984 Oceanologia. Vol. 19, pp. 61-78.

Ola Oskarsson, President of the MMT. AB: RoxAnn seabed analysis; Oresound Strait Bridge Project.

N.G. Pace: Acoustic backscatter seabed characteristics, 1990 Proc. Institute of Acoustics, Vol. 12, Part 2.

N.G. .Pace, R.V. Ceen: Sea bed classification using the backscattering of normally incident broadband acoustic pulses, 1982 Hydrographic J. Vol. 26 pp. 9-16.

Parametrix, Inc.:Seafloor mapping survey, propsed deepwater disposal site, offshore Columbia River, Oregon. http://www.nwp.usace.army.mil/ec/h/hr/odmds/Streports/MCR_sidescanSonarRpt.pdf

D.R. Parrott, D.J. Dodds, L.H. King, P.G. Simpkin: Measurement and evaluation of the acoustic reflectivity of the sea floor, 1980 Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 17, 722-737.

J. Prescott: The second International Hydrographic Technical Conference, Plymouth, 1984 - A Review 1984 Hydrographic J.Vol. 34 pp. 21-22.

Purbeck Marine Wildlife Reserve, Dorset Wildlife Trust, UK [RoxAnn]. http://www.coastlink.org/seasearch/survey.htm

D.G. Reid, SOAFD Marine Laboratory, Aberdeen: Relationships between herring school distribution and seabed substrate derived from RoxAnn.

C.D. Roberts: Investigations into a Modiolus modiolus(L) (Mollusca: Bivalvia) community in Strangford Lough, Northern Ireland, 1975 Report; Underwater Association (New Series).

52

Acoustic Seabed Classification

C.D Roberts, B.E. Picton, D.W. Connor, C.M. Howson, P, Gilleece, M.J. Bogues: The Northern Ireland sublittoral survey, 1986 Ulster Museum Belfast: HMSO.

N.A. Rukavina, National Water Research Institute, Ontario: Substrate mapping in the Great Lakes nearshore zone with a RoxAnn acoustic seabed classification system.

N.A. Rukavina: Nearshore sediment survey of western Lake Ontario, methods and preliminary results, 1969 Proceedings 12th Conf. Great Lakes Res. , I.A.G.L.R. PP. 317-32

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References Not Incorporated Into Main Document NATO SACLANTCEN Conference on High Frequency Acoustics in Shallow-Water, Lerici, Italy, 30 June to 4 July, 1997. The papers have been published by the SACLANTCEN in book form: High Frequency Acoustics in Shallow Water (1997), SACLANTCEN Conference Proceedings Series CP-45, Pace, N.G., Pouliquen E., Bergem O., and Lyons, A. P. (editors).

SELECTED ABSTRACTS

Seabed classification 1

• Interactive tools for the exploration and analysis of multibeam and other seafloor acoustic data. L.A.Mayer, S.Dijkstra, J.Hughes Clarke, M.Paton, C.Ware.

• Interactive signal processing and visualisation of swath mapping sonar acoustics. C. deMoustier.

• Shallow-water seafloor characterization for high-frequency multibeam echosounder: image segmentation using angular backscatter. X.Lurton, J-M.Augustin, S.Dugelay, L.Hellequin, M.Voisset.

• Areal seabed classification using backscatter angular response at 95kHz. J.E.Hughes Clarke, B.W.Danforth, P.Valentine.

• A PC/Linux tool kit for coastal swath mapping. R.C.Tyce, S.M.Dzurenko, P.A.Cohen, D.W.Caress.

Seabed classification 2

• Dynamic attenuation extraction of seafloor sediments from very high resolution acoustic data. J.Guigné, P.Schwinghamer, S.Litvak.

• Estimation of chirp sonar attenuation for classification of marine sediments: improved spectral ratio method. C.S.Maroni, A.Quinquis.

• Results from the use of broad-band, sub-bottom seismic data with statistically based sediment classification techniques. P.Simkin, W.T.Collins.

• Seabed characterization by inversion of parametric sonar data: selection of the cost function. A.Caiti, O.Bergem, E.Pouliquen, A.Biancheri, S.Scaricaciottoli.

Seabed Scatter 1

• A unified model for seabed volume and roughness scattering. A.N.Ivakin. • The effect of source movements on shallow water backscatter. O.Bergem, E.Pouliquen,

N.G.Pace. • Time-frequency representation of model based high frequency broad band scattering

from a rough interface. G.C. Bishop, J.Smith. • Bottom bistatic scattering: experimental results and model comparison for a carbonate

sediment. K.L.Williams, D.R.Jackson.

Seabed scatter 2

• Multi-static bottom reverberation in shallow water. H.Schmidt, H.Fan, J.Lee, K.LePage. • Effects of sea bed structure on high frequency acoustic reverberation in shallow water.

H.A.Terril-Stolper, R.W.Meredith, M.D.Wagstaff. • Uniqueness problems in extracting environmental parameters from high-frequency

shallow-water reverberation measurements. H.Weinberg, R.E.Keenan, F.E.Aidala Jr.

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Miscellaneous Conferences and Proceedings

• An experimental investigation of the contribution of sediment volume scattering to acoustic backscatter measured in the shallow waters of Florida Strait. A.K.Rogers.

Seabed scatter 3

• Modeling of sub critical penetration into sediments due to interface roughness. E.I.Thorsos, D.R.Jackson, K.L.Williams, J.E.Moe.

• Physics of bottom scattering, and some applications. M.Gensane. • Statistical evaluation of 80 kHz shallow-water seafloor reverberation. A.P.Lyons,

D.A.Abraham, T.Akal, P.Guerrini. • Seabed penetration. J.Osler, A.P.Lyons.

Seabed properties 1

• Geoacoustic modeling of the seabed at higher frequencies. R.D.Stoll, E.O.Bautista

Seabed properties 2

• Riverine environmental acoustics at an ocean boundary. T.G.Muir, J.E.Blue, A.L.Anderson.

• Sedimentological acoustics: an attempt to reduce the gap between acoustical models and sedimentological survey. T.Garlan, X.Demoulin.

Seabed properties 3

• Small scale volumetric inhomogeneities of shallow water sediments - measurements and discussion. D.Tang.

• Vertical porosity and velocity fluctuations in shallow-water surficial sediments and their use in modeling volume scattering. K.B.Briggs, D.B.Percival.

• Temporal fluctuations of backscattered field due to bioturbation in marine sediments. C.D.Jones, D.R.Jackson.

• High-Resolution characterization of seafloor sediments for modeling acoustic backscatter. T.H.Orsi, M.E.Duncan, A.P.Lyons, K.B.Briggs, M.D.Richardson, A.L.Anderson.

Seabed properties 4

• A high frequency approach for seabed vegetation characterization. R.Bozzano, A.Siccardi.

• Analysis of broad band echosounder data over a gassy seabed. F.A.Boyle, N.P.Chotiros, N.G.Pace, O.Bergem, E.Pouliquen.

Seabed mapping

• Texture analysis of sidescan sonar imagery using statistical scattering models. H.Griffiths, J.Dunlop, R.Voles.

• Estimating surface orientation from sonar images. N.C.Makris. • Bayesian inference and sidescan restoration. B.R.Calder, L.M.Linnett. • Bottom/Subbottom surveying using a new, parametric side-scan sonar. W.T.Wood,

J.F.Gettrust, M.K.Sen, J. G.Kosalos.

Scattering from objects

• Application of broad band acoustic methods used in MCM reconnaissance sonar system to mapping of the shallow water reverberation environment. P.Kaczkowski.

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Miscellaneous Conferences and Proceedings

• Wavelet analysis of side scan sonar imagery for classification. J.Impagliazzo, J.W.Greene, Q.Huynh.

Poster Presentations.

• An experimental study of sediment discrimination using 1st and 2nd echoes. C.M.Dyer, K.M.Murphy, G.J.Heald, N.G.Pace.

• Acoustic characterization of submerged aquatic vegetation. E.McCarthy. • Correlation analysis of acoustic seabed classification and sediment properties offshore

Vancouver Island. A.S.Tsemahman, R.L.Poecker, B.T.Prager, W.T.Collins, J.M.Preston. • Analysis and problems of HF acoustic coherent and incoherent simulations in shallow

water. P.Thomson, J.Bell. • Temporal modelling of high frequency (30-100kHz) acoustic seafloor backscatter :

shallow water results. D.D.Sternlicht, C.deMoustier. • Intensity moments of underwater sound scattered by Gaussian spectrum corrugated

surface: Measurements and comparison with a catastrophe theory approximation. J.S.Stroud, P.L.Marston, K.L.Williams.

• Determination of acoustic properties of marine sediments. J.I.Dunlop, P. Ph.Thomson. • Terrain mapping with forward looking sonar on unmanned underwater vehicles.

M.R.Medeiros, R.N.Carpenter.

105

Miscellaneous Conferences and Proceedings

Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Underwater Acoustics, 1998 Sponsored by the European Commission and the European Acoustics Association. Two volumes: papers presented at the Fourth European Conference on Underwater Acoustics, held September 21-25, 1998, in Rome, Italy. Organized by the Istituto di Acustica "O.M. Corbino" of the Italian National Research Council and by the University of Rome "La Sapienza".

P.S. Bell, P.D. Thorne, J.J. William. Acoustic Measurements of Sand Ripple Profile Evolution under Controlled Wave Conditions

R. Bozzano, L. Castellano, A. Siccardi. Characterization of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation by a Sector-Scanning Sonar

A. Caiti, R. Zoppoli. Seafloor Parameters Identification from Parametric Sonar Data

G. Canepa, O. Bergem. Automatic Processing of Bathymetric Data

P. Cervenka. Self-Calibration of Bathymetric Data with a Forward Looking Geometry of Acquisition

J. Frouzova, J. Kubecka, M. Cech. Bubble Density in the Open Water of Freshwater Reservoirs: Consequences for Fish Stock and Bottom Quality Studies

D. Gueriot, S. Daniel, E.P. Maillard. Sonar Images and Swath Bathymetry Simulations for Environment Restitution through Acoustical Ray Tracing Techniques

J. Hedgepeth, C. Sullivan, R. Sullivan, P. Schneider. Verification of a Library for Categorizing Bottom Substrate Type

J.-P. Hermand, P. Guerrini, E. Michelozzi, A. Barbagelata. Advanced Drifting Acoustic Buoy Field for Rapid Assessment of Bottom Properties in Shallow, Water- Enverse 97 Experiments

Z. Lubniewski, A. Stepnowski. Sea Bottom Recognition Using Fractal Analysis And Scattering Impulse Response

J. Maciolowska, A. Stepnowski, T. Van Dung. Fish Schools and Seabed Identification using Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic Classifiers

A. Moreno, P. Siljestrom, J. Rey. Benthic Phanerogam Species Recognition in Side Scan Sonar Images: Importance of the Sensor Direction

B.M. Sabol, J. Burczynski. Digital Echo Sounder System for Characterization of Vegetation and Sediments In Shallow Water Environments

W. Tesler, S.M. Gontcharov, S. Mazzola, B. Patti, A. Bonanno, A. Cuttitta, G. Basilone, M. Sprovieri, M. Leonardi, S. Giacobbe, M. De Lauro. Bottom Type Identification using Single Beam Echo Sounder

R. Veeravalli, P. Alais, F. Ollivier, P. Cervenka. Development of a Multibeam Echosounder for Fishery

P.D. Ward, M.K. Donnelly, A.D. Heathershaw, S.A. Jones. Acoustic Modelling of Pulse propagation for Environmental Impact Assessment

B.C. Woodward, J. C. Cook, A. D. Goodson, P. A. Lepper, A. L. Vyas, V. S. Balaji-Ray, M. L Taroudakis, P. J. Papadakis, G.S. Piperakis. Acoustic Characterization of Undersea Sediments To Initiate Commercial Applications (ACUSTICA)

106

Miscellaneous Conferences and Proceedings

Selected abstracts from ECUA 2000 Proc. 5th European Conference on Underwater Acoustics, 10-13 July 2000 ESCPE Lyon / LASSSO, FRANCE 10 – 13 July 2000 Name : BLONDEL Philippe Title : High-frequency bistatic scattering : modelling and laboratory experiments 2nd author(s) : Dr. Nick PACE, Gary HEALD, Richard BROTHERS Country : GREAT BRITAIN Reference : ECUA2000/204 Name : BOULINGUEZ David Title : Entropy and fractal analysis for underwater object classification 2nd author(s) : Pr. ANDRE QUINQUIS Country : FRANCE Reference : ECUA2000/36 Name : CANEPA Gaetano Title : Seafloor segmentation from multibeam bathymetric sonar 2nd author(s) : N. PACE Country : ITALY Reference : ECUA2000/55 Name : CHAKRABORTY Bishwajit Title : Nodule Bottom Angular Backscatter Model Studies Using the Multibeam - Hydrosweep System 2nd author(s) : Vijay Kodagali, Vijay Khedekar Country : INDIA Reference : C109 Name : CHOTIROS Nicholas Title : A model of acoustic scattering by underwater sand-beds 2nd author(s) : Dr. Morris Stern Country : USA Reference : ECUA2000/147 Name : CHOTIROS Nicholas P. Title : Acoustic sediment properties and the abundance of burrowing shrimp in marine sediments from reflection measurements 2nd author(s) : Dr. Theodore H. DeWitt Country : USA Reference : ECUA2000/152 Name : DUGELAY Samantha Title : Statistical analysis of high frequency acoustic scatter : what makes a statistical distribution ? 2nd author(s) : Dr. Nicholas Pace, Gary Heald, Dr. Richard Brothers Country : GREAT BRITAIN

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Miscellaneous Conferences and Proceedings

Reference : ECUA2000/54 Name : ELSTON Gareth Title : Simulation and visualisation of the sonar process using the pseudospectral time-domain method 2nd author(s) : Dr. Judith Bell Country : GREAT BRITAIN Reference : ECUA2000/135 Name : FARRAN M. Title : Characterization of the Seafloor: Preliminary results of COSMOS first sea trial 2nd author(s) : ESTRADA F, ALONSO B., RODRIQUEZ P., ERCILLA G. Country : SPAIN Reference : C056 Name : GALLOWAY James Title : Integrating acoustical seabed classification information and multibeam bathymetry 2nd author(s) : Country : CANADA Reference : ECUA2000/199 Name : GENSANE Marc Title : "Sediment interface and sediment volume effects in bottom scattering: some further applications" 2nd author(s) : Country : FRANCE Reference : C108 Name : HEDGEPETH John Title : Deep water seabed classification at short range using an autonomous digital echosounder 2nd author(s) : Paul Von Szalay, Michael Martin, Dr. Janusz Burczynski Country : USA Reference : ECUA2000/89 Name : HEDGEPETH John Title : Effects of kelp canopy on acoustic discrimination of fishes 2nd author(s) : J. C. Carroll, John Steinbeck Country : USA Reference : ECUA2000/90 Name : HERMAND Jean-Pierre Title : Experimental parameterization of posidonia seagrass metabolism via low frequency acoustic inversion techniques (ustica is.) 2nd author(s) : Country : ITALY Reference : ECUA2000/191 Name : HIGGINBOTTOM Ian Title : Virtual echograms for visualisation and post-processing of multiple-frequency echosounder data 2nd author(s) : David Heatley, Tim Pauly

108

Miscellaneous Conferences and Proceedings

Country : AUSTRALIA Reference : ECUA2000/113 Name : HOLLAND Charles Title : Broadband Shallow Water Bottom Scattering Measurements. 2nd author(s) : HOLLETT Reginald Country : ITALY Reference : C006 Name : IVAKIN Anatoliy Title : High frequency scattering from heterogeneous seabeds 2nd author(s) : Country : RUSSIA Reference : ECUA2000/84 Name : JACKSON Darrell Title : Sediment volume scattering : data, modeling, and current problems 2nd author(s) : Country : USA Reference : ECUA2000/171 Name : JANS Wolfgang Title : Reverberation measurements and comparison with model results for 1 kHz 2nd author(s) : Country : GERMANY Reference : C073 Name : JONES Stephen Title : Ambient noise measurements for surf-zone characterization 2nd author(s) : Simon Richards Country : GREAT BRITAIN Reference : ECUA2000/60 Name : JONES Christopher Title : Analysis of the small perturbation method for high-frequency bistatic volume scattering from marine sediments 2nd author(s) : Dr. Darrell Jackson Country : USA Reference : ECUA2000/161 Name : KARASALO Ilkka Title : Analysis of parametric sonar echoes from submerged and buried objects 2nd author(s) : MATTSSON Johan Country : SWEDEN Reference : C024 Name : KLUSEK Zygmunt Title : Application of two-beam single-frequency echosounder in acoustical identification of sea bottom 2nd author(s) : Country : POLAND

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Miscellaneous Conferences and Proceedings

Reference : ECUA2000/197 Name : LEPAGE Kevin Title : Laterally monostatic backscatter from 3-D distributions of sediment inhomogeneities 2nd author(s) : Pr. Henrik Schmidt Country : ITALY Reference : ECUA2000/73 Name : LI Fenghua Title : Shallow water reverberation and the bottom scattering mechanism 2nd author(s) : Dr. jianjun Liu, Pr. Renhe Zhang Country : CHINA Reference : ECUA2000/33 Name : LUBNIEWSKI Zbigniew Title : Modelling of surface and volume backscattering of echosounder signals on sea bed using fractal analysis and impulse response 2nd author(s) : Dr. Marek Moszynski, Pr. Andrzej Stepnowski Country : POLAND Reference : ECUA2000/124 Name : LURTON Xavier Title : Angular dependence of seafloor backscattering strength: a new approach for in-situ measurements using a front-looking sonar 2nd author(s) : NICOL Rozenn, AUGUSTIN Jean-Marie Country : FRANCE Reference : C067 Name : MOSZYNSKI Marek Title : Analysis of various backscattered echo parameters including wavelet coefficients on the performance of seabed neuro-fuzzy classifiers 2nd author(s) : Dung Tran Van, Pr. Andrzej Stepnowski Country : POLAND Reference : ECUA2000/130 Name : MUTLU Erhan Title : Spatio-temporal acoustic character of the black sea in association with non/biological scatterers 2nd author(s) : Dr. Ali Cemal Gucu Country : TURKEY Reference : ECUA2000/6 Name : NOSOV Alexander Title : Measurements of ocean bottom acoustical parameters 2nd author(s) : Dr. Gleb Postnov Country : RUSSIA Reference : ECUA2000/69 Name : POULIQUEN Eric Title : Evidence of the dominance of sediment volume scattering above 100 kHz

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Miscellaneous Conferences and Proceedings

2nd author(s) : Anthony P. Lyons, Nicholas G. Pace, Thomas H. Orsi, Enzo Michelozzi, Lanfranco Muzi, Patricia A. G. Thomson Country : ITALY Reference : ECUA2000/109 Name : PRESTON Jon Title : Bottom classification in very shallow water 2nd author(s) : Dr. Andreas Rosenberger, William Collins Country : CANADA Reference : ECUA2000/99 Name : RICHARDSON Michael Title : High-frequency volume scattering from gassy sediments 2nd author(s) : Dr. Warren Wood Country : USA Reference : ECUA2000/28 Name : ROY Ronald Title : A water-filled impedance tube for the measurement of the frequency-dependent surface impedance of bubbly assemblages 2nd author(s) : Preston Wilson, Pr. William Carey Country : USA Reference : ECUA2000/168 Name : SELWAY Ruth Title : Analysis of Low Frequency Reverberation Effects at Canadian Shelf Sea Sites 2nd author(s) : Country : GREAT BRITAIN Reference : C078 Name : SIDERIUS Martin Title : Ocean variability effects on inversion of seabed properties in shallow water 2nd author(s) : Dr. Peter L. Nielsen Country : ITALY Reference : ECUA2000/145 Name : SMITH Kevin B Title : Broadband parabolic equation modeling of acoustic bottom interface and volume reverberation in shallow water 2nd author(s) : Lit-Siew Li Country : USA Reference : ECUA2000/174 Name : TANG Dajun Title : A shallow water reverberation model based on physical parameters 2nd author(s) : Country : USA Reference : ECUA2000/43 Name : TANG Dajun Title : Three-dimensional density spectra of sandy sediments

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Miscellaneous Conferences and Proceedings

2nd author(s) : Dr. Thomas Orsi Country : USA Reference : ECUA2000/177 Name : TEGOWSKI Jaroslaw Title : Acoustical classification of bottom sediments in southern baltic using fractal dimension 2nd author(s) : Zbigniew Lubniewski Country : POLAND Reference : ECUA2000/24 Name : THORNE Peter D. Title : Acoustic propagation through suspensions of marine sands and its application to nearbed benthic processes 2nd author(s) : Country : GREAT BRITAIN Reference : C097 Name : THORSOS Eric I. Title : High-frequency sound interaction in ocean sediments 2nd author(s) : WILLIAMS Kevin L., JACKSON Darrell R., DAJUN TANG Country : USA Reference : C023 Name : TOURAINE Nicolas Title : Low-frequency observation of a wave on acoustic scattering from extra thin cylindrical shells bounded by hemispherical end caps 2nd author(s) : Dr. Dominique DECULTOT, Pr. Gérard MAZE, Dr. Aleksander KLAUSON, Pr. Jaan METSAVEER Country : FRANCE Reference : ECUA2000/88 Name : TUFFIN Michael Title : Acoustic characterisation of gassy marine sediments in Dibden bay 2nd author(s) : Dr. Angus Best, Dr. Justin Dix, Dr. Jon Bull Country : GREAT BRITAIN Reference : ECUA2000/81 Name : XIAO Ling Title : Estimating the ocean bottom properties by matched-field inversions using controlled exhausted search method 2nd author(s) : Pr. Renhe Zhang, Dr. Lianghao Guo Country : CHINA Reference : ECUA2000/31 Name : ZERR Benoit Title : Classification of underwater elastic objects based on aspect dependence of their acoustic signature 2nd author(s) : Dr. Alessandra Tesei, Dr. Alain Maguer, Dr. Brian H. Houston, Per Arne Sletner Country : ITALY Reference : ECUA2000/53

112

Miscellaneous Conferences and Proceedings

Name : ZHANG Renhe Title : The coherent theory of shallow water reverberation 2nd author(s) : Dr. Fenghua Li, Pr. Guoliang Jin Country : CHINA Reference : ECUA2000/32

113

Miscellaneous Conferences and Proceedings

OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE Conference and Exhibition 11-14 September 2000. Providence, RI, USA.

Selected Abstracts

Session 11. Acoustic Bottom Measurements and Characterization I

• Acoustic Provincing of Ocean Basins M.D. Mandelberg and L.J. Frizell-Makowski, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD

• Geocoding sidescan sonar data - an inverse problem John A. Fawcett, Defence Research Establishment Atlantic, Canada

• Side Scan Sonar and Interferometric Noise Christophe Sintes and Bassel Solaiman, GESMA, Brest-Naval, France

• High Resolution Analysis of Ultra-Shallow Water Acoustic Travel Time and Gain Perturbations G. Salles, O. R. Hinton, A. E. Adams and B. S. Sharif; Underwater Acoustic Group, University of Newcastle, UK

Session 12. Acoustic Bottom Measurements and Characterization II

• Simultaneous Compression and Denoising of Side Scan Sonar Images Using the Discrete Wavelet Transform Rita Cunha, ISR/IST; Mario Figueiredo, IT/IST; Carlos Silvestre, ISR/IST, Lisbon, Portugal

• A New Pitch / Yaw Stabilized Bathymetric Survey System Kenneth C. Kiesel, L-3 Communications / SeaBeam Instruments, Walpole,MA

• Bathymetric Survey using a Reson SeaBat Multibeam Echosounder Mounted in the Forward-Looking Direction J. D. Harris II, R. N. Carpenter and C. Foreman, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport, RI

• A Model Based System for Simultaneously Estimating Bathymetry and Sound Velocity Profile Characteristics - Simulation Results David Cousins, BBN Technologies, Middletown, RI; Dr. James Miller, Ocean Engineering Department - University of Rhode Island

• Developments in Combatant Data Processing for Construction of Seafloor Backscatter and Bottom Loss Databases M.L. Barlett and J.F. England, ARL:UT, Austin, TX

Session 14. Environmental Acoustics: Transmission, Noise, & Scattering II

• Broadband inversion of seabed geoacoustic properties constrained by chirp sonar data Altan Turgut, Stephen N. Wolf, Bruce H Pasewark and the SWARM Group, NRL, Washington, DC

• Coherent reverberation - Modeling and Example Measurements Bernard Cole, James Davis and William Leen, PSI, New London, CT

• Accelerated Classification of Sea-Surface Reflected Sonar Pulses Joseph C. Park, 2d3D Incorporated, Boynton Beach, FL

Session 19. Subbottom Measurements: Characterization and Inversions I

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Miscellaneous Conferences and Proceedings

• Sediment characterization using images issued from a sub-bottom profiler Eric Gaouyer, Helene Thomas and Andre Quinquis, ENSIETA, Brest Cedex, France

• Bottom Classification in Very Shallow Water Jon M. Preston, Andreas Rosenberger, and William T. Collins, Quester Tangent Corporation, Sidney, BC, Canada

Session 20. Subbottom Measurements: Characterization and Inversions II

• Marine Seafloor Sediment Profiling and Classification in the Arctic Ocean T.B. Opishinski, R. Tarini, M.J. Curran and D.D. Caulfield, Ocean Data Equipment Corporation, East Walpole, MA

• Absorption Estimation in Marine Sub-bottom Layers D.D. Caulfield, T. Opishinski and R. Tarini, Ocean Data Equipment Corporation, East Walpole, MA

• Mapping of Geoacoustic Properties of Sediments in Shallow Water Gopu R. Potty and James H. Miller, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett Bay Campus, Narragansett, RI

Session 29. Coastal Zone Management I

• Application of Single-Beam Acoustics to Macro-Algal Bloom Management Renee' Seaman, Technology, Planning and Management Corporation (TPMC); Mark Finknbeiner and Dorsey Worthy, NOAA Coastal Services Center, Charleston, SC

Session 48. Fish Habitats

• Defining Fisheries Habitats and Regional Seafloor Geomorphology for Development Applications Via Acoustic Mapping Edward J. Saade, Racal-Pelagos, Inc. San Diego, CA; Dr. Gary Greene, Moss Landing Marine Lab; Dallas Meggitt, Natural Resources Consultants

• Fish Habitat Characterization and Assessment: Approach to Integrate Seafloor Features and Juvenile Organisms Data Anthony R. Wilbur, Massachusetts Coastal Zone Management, Boston, MA

Session 50. Quantifying Marine Life

• Acoustic Characterization of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation: Military and Environmental Monitoring Applications Bruce Sabol, US Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg, MS

• Measurements of the Material Properties of Live Marine Organisms and Their Influences on the Signatures of the Acoustic Scattering Dezhang Chu, Peter H. Wiebe, Timothy K. Stanton, Terry R. Hammar, Kenneth W. Doherty, Nancy J. Copley, Jack Zhang and D. Benjamin Reeder, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA; Mark C. Benfield, Louisiana State University, Coastal Fisheries Institute, Baton Rouge, LA

• Hydroacoustic Measurement of Detritus from the Delaware Bay Estuary D.E. Di Massa and K.F. Bosma, Woods Hole Group, Woods Hole, MA

Session 76. Ocean Monitoring: Benthic Data Processing

• Enhancing Multibeam Survey Data Collection at the Naval Oceanographic Office through Expert System Technology Jeff Moseley, Naval Oceanographic Office, Stennis Space Center, MS

• TracEd: a Remote Acoustic Seafloor Characterization System for use with Vertical Incidence Echosounders.

115

Miscellaneous Conferences and Proceedings

Semme Dijkstra and Larry Mayer, Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping - University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH

116

Miscellaneous Conferences and Proceedings

IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering Special Issue 2002 High-Frequency Sediment Acoustics and Associate Sediment Properties and Processes. Volume 27(3) July 2002 Guest editors: Eric I. Thorsos and Michael D. Richardson

Guest Editorial Eric I. Thorsos and Michael D. Richardson

High-Frequency Subcritical Acoustic Penetration into a Sandy Sediment

Darrell R. Jackson, Kevin L. Williams, Eric I. Thorsos, and Steven G. Kargl

Refraction and Scattering into a Sandy Ocean Sediment in the 30 to 40 kHz Band

Nicholas P. Chotiros, D. Eric Smith, and James N. Piper

Acoustic backscattering experiments in a well characterized sand sediment: Data/model comparisons using sediment fluid and Biot models

Kevin L. Williams, Darrell R. Jackson, Eric I. Thorsos, Dajun Tang, and Kevin B. Briggs

Backscattering from Bioturbated Sediments at very High Frequency E. Pouliquen and A. P. Lyons

A comparison of perturbation theory and the small slope approximation for acoustic scattering from a rough interface for a Biot medium

Taiqian Yang, Shira L. Broschat, Cristina Galea

Comparison of Sound Speed and Attenuation Measured in a Sandy Sediment to Predictions Based on the Biot Theory of Porous Media

Kevin L. Williams, Darrell R. Jackson, Eric I. Thorsos, and Dajun Tang

On Tone-Burst Measurements of Sound Speed and Attenuation in Sandy Marine Sediments

Michael J. Buckingham and Michael D. Richardson

Coupled Scattering and Reflection Measurements in Shallow Water Charles W. Holland

Bistatic Synthetic Aperture Imaging of Proud and Buried Targets from an AUV Kevin D. LePage and Henrik Schmidt

Real- and Synthetic-Array Signal Processing of Buried Targets

M. A. Pinto, A. Bellettini, R. Hollett, A. Tesei

Detection of Buried Targets Using a Synthetic Aperture Sonar

John E. Piper, Kerry W. Commander, Eric I. Thorsos, and Kevin L. Williams

Characterization of Interface roughness of rippled sand off Fort Walton Beach, Florida

Kevin B. Briggs, Dajun Tang, and Kevin L. Williams

Characterization of the Two-Dimensional Roughness of Wave-Rippled Sea Floors Using Digital Anthony P. Lyons, Warren L.J. Fox,

117

Miscellaneous Conferences and Proceedings

photogrammetry Thomas Hasiotis, Eric Pouliquen

Time-Evolution of High-Resolution Topographic Measurements of the Seafloor Using a 3D Laser Line Scan Mapping System

Karl D. Moore and Jules S. Jaffe

Fine-Scale Volume Heterogeneity Measurements in Sand

Dajun Tang, Kevin B. Briggs, Kevin L. Williams, Darrell R. Jackson, Eric I. Thorsos, and Donald B. Percival

In-situ Measurements of Near-Surface Porosity in Shallow-Water Marine Sands Robert A. Wheatcroft

In-situ Permeabilities of Selected Coastal Marine Sediments

Richard H. Bennett, Mathew H. Hulbert, Conrad Curry, H. Paul Johnson, Michael Hutnak, and Ken Curry

Porometric Properties of Siliciclastic Marine Sand: a Comparison of Traditional Laboratory Measurements with Image Analysis and Effective Medium modeling

Allen H. Reed, Kevin B. Briggs, and Dawn L. Lavoie

Dynamic Measurement of Sediment Grain Compressibility at Atmospheric Pressure: Acoustic Applications

Michael D. Richardson, Kevin L. Williams, Kevin B. Briggs, Eric I. Thorsos

118

Miscellaneous Conferences and Proceedings

GAC Special Session SS8: Geology of Marine Habitat - Oral Presentations

Author Title

Greene et al.Marine geologic maps used in benthic habitat characterization: a fusion of habitat metadata and geologic nomenclature

Brown et al.High-resolution mapping of seabed habitats and assemblages, Hastings Shingle Bank, Eastern English Channel ...sampling techniques

Anderson and Gregory

Mapping fish habitats using acoustic seabed classification in the coastal waters of Newfoundland

Guigne et al Seabed damage by trawling is quantified using fractal analysis of very high resolution acoustics

Todd et al. Habitat mapping on the southern Scotian Shelf: integrating geoscience and benthic ecology

Pitcher et al Inventory and mapping of seabed habitats and biodiversity in tropical northeast Australia

Van Lancker et al. Definition of evaluation tools for the follow-up of a macrotidal, shallow-marine benthic habitat

Bloomer at al. Statistical approaches to sea floor and subbottom classification of acoustic data

O'Connell et al. Marine habitat mapping and fisheries management: a successful application in Southeast Alaska

Urban Comparison of biosonics VBT and QTC View acoustic bottom classification system performance in the Kodiak area of Alaska, USA

Kostylev et al. Use of high-resolution acoustics and habitat information for improving stock evaluation of giant scallop (Placopecten magellanicus)

Rukavina et al. Comparison of lakebed mapping by acoustic-classification systems and multibeam sonar

McConnaughey et al.

Acoustic seabed classification of the eastern Bering Sea to identify essential fish habitat

Hietkamp and Levings

Assessing mapping tools and techniques for area-based coastal and marine integrated management planning on British Columbia's west coast

119

Miscellaneous Conferences and Proceedings

GAC Special Session SS8: Geology of Marine Habitat - Poster Presentations

Cutter et al. Using seafloor video mosaics and optical sub-bottom images to characterize benthic infaunal habitat characteristics

Sonnichsen and McKeown Seabed mapping on Grand Bank - a comparison of results from sidescan, multibeam and QTC View systems

Smith et al. Estuarine habitat classification: Acoustic remote sensing for oyster bar restoration

Gordon et al. Acoustic techniques for rapid broad-scale seabed mapping

Brown et al. Development of techniques for mapping seabed biotopes in UK coastal waters: an integrated approach

Dijkstra et al. Initial presentation of data in the New Hampshire Great Bay/Piscataqua River system, Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) populations mapping project

Embly et al. Fisheries habitat studies at Heceta Bank on the Oregon outer continental shelf: combining high-resolution sonar and seafloor investigations with GIS techniques

Bornhold et al. Multiparameter approaches to shallow marine habitat mapping

120

Miscellaneous Conferences and Proceedings

ISACS Reports

1. R. Allnor: "Building topography maps from swath bathymetry data: Concepts and considerations", MAST3-ISACS 1st year annual report, 1997.

2. T. Andren and G. Lindeberg: "Analysis of physical and chemical properties of two piston cores", Firma Thomas Andren, Malmg*ardsv"agen 14, S-11638 Stockholm, Sweden, June 1998. Authors are affiliated to Department of Quarternary Research, University of Stockholm.

3. O. Bergem: "Preliminary field data acquisition in the Mediterranean", MAST3-ISACS 1st year annual report, 1997.

4. O. Bergem: "Cruise Report R.V. Alliance: Viareggio, Viareggio and La Spezia Area, 4-9 March 1996 and 4-6 June 1996", SACLANTCEN cruise report 1996.

5. O. Bergem: "ADAM file format specification", MAST3-ISACS 1st year annual report, 1996.

6. O. Bergem, N.G. Pace: "Normal incidence seafloor classification using a parametric array", Proc. Oceans 96, Sept. 1996.

7. O. Bergem, E. Pouliquen, G. Canepa, N.G. Pace: "Time-evolution modeling of seafloor scatter: Experimental verification", SACLANTCEN Report SM-327, 1997.

8. O. Bergem, E. Pouliquen, G. Canepa, and N. G. Pace. Time-evolution modeling of seafloor scatter. II. Numerical and experimental verification, Acoust. Soc. Am. 105 (6), pp. 3142-3150, June 1999.

9. O. Bergem, E. Pouliquen, Pace, N.G. "The effect of source movements on shallow water bottom backscatter". High Frequency Acoustics in Shallow Water, Lerici, Italy, 30 June-4 July 1997.

10. B. Berntsen: "Model-based estimation of geoacoustical parameters for seafloor characterization, applied to simulated and parametric sonar data", In Annual report 1999, MAST III ISACS. NTNU, Norway, 1999

11. B. Berntsen. "On characterization and classification of the seafloor", In proceedings of the 22nd Scandinavian Symposium on Physical Acoustics, Ustaoset, February 1999.

12. B. Berntsen: "Model-based estimation of geoacoustical parameters for seafloor characterization, applied to simulated and parametric sonar data" In Annual report 1999, MAST III ISACS. NTNU, Norway, 1999.

13. B. Berntsen: "Note on Data Formats within ISACS", MAST3-ISACS 1st year annual report, 1997.

14. B. Berntsen: 'An introduction to ISACS'. Proceedings of the 20th Scandinavian Symposium on Physical Acoustics, edited by H. Hobaek, Ustaoset, 1997.

15. B. Berntsen, I Karasalo, M. Levonen, P. Moren, V. Westerlin. Seabed characterisation in the Baltic with parametric sonar - evaluation of the SIBOB and FARIM analysis methods. FOA technical report, Sweden, Oct. 1999.

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16. B. Berntsen, J.M.Hovem, and O.Bergem. Characterization of the seafloor using normal incidence acoustic backscattered time domain signals from a parametric sonar. In Proc. OCEANS'99 MTS/IEEE Conf., Seattle, Washington USA, Sep. 13-16 1999.

17. B. Berntsen. On characterization and classification of the seafloor. In Halvor Hobaek, ed., Proceedings of the 22nd Scandinavian Symposium on Physical Acoustics, Ustaoset, Norway, February 1999. University of Bergen.

18. B. Berntsen, O. Bergem, E. Pouliquen, N. G. Pace, "Preliminary studies of seafloor characterization using BORIS simulations", SACLANTCEN report, 1997.

19. A. Caiti, O. Bergem, E. Pouliquen, E. Michelozzi, " Model-based seafloor identification with parametric sonar data: experimental results", Presented at the ASA Meeting, Berlin, Germany, March 1999, in MAST-3 ISACS, 1999.

20. A. Caiti, O. Bergem, " Inversion of normal incidence backscattered data from parametric sonar: getting seabed geoacoustic and morphological properties", Presented at the Workshop on Experimental Acoustics Inversion Methods for Exploration of the Shallow Water Environment, Algarve, Portugal, March 1999. MAST-3 ISACS, 1999.

21. Caiti, "Seafloor properties determination from acoustic backscattering at normal incidence with a parametric source", Abstract of paper to be presented at the 4th Int. Conf. on Theoretical and Comp. Acoustics, Trieste, I, May 1999, MAST-3 ISACS, 1999.

22. A. Caiti, O. Bergem, E. Pouliquen, A. Biancheri, S. Scaricaciottoli: "Seabed characterization by inversion of parametric sonar data: selection of the cost function", Proc. Conf. High Frequency in Shallow Water Acoustics, N. Pace, O. Bergem, E. Pouliquen, A. Lyons (Eds.), Lerici, Italy, June 30-July 4 1997. SACLANTCEN CP-45, pp83-90, 1997.

23. Caiti, R. Zoppoli, "Seafloor parameter identification from parametric sonar data", MAST-3 ISACS, 1998

24. Caiti, "Seafloor exploration with parametric sonar systems: current issues and challenges for underwater vehicles", to be presented at the IEEE Conf. On Control Applications, Trieste, I, Sept. 1998.

25. Caiti, R. Zoppoli, "Seafloor parameter identification from parametric sonar data", Proc. 4th European Underwater Acoustics Conf., Rome, I, pp 307 312, Sept. 1998

26. DIST Group on ISACS, "sirOb - a Matlab-based toolbox for seafloor model identification from backscattered acoustic signals - User's Manual"

27. Caiti, R. Zoppoli, " sirOb: an interactive package for inversion of parametric sonar data", Proc. IEEE Oceans'98 Conf., pp 1205 1209, Nice, F, Sept.-Oct. 1998.

28. Caiti, "Seafloor properties determination from acoustic backscattering at normal incidence with a parametric source", submitted to the 4th Int. Conf. on Theoretical and Comp. Acoustics, Trieste, I, May 1999.

29. Caiti, "Seafloor properties determination from acoustic backscattering at normal incidence with a parametric source", submitted to the 4th Int. Conf. on Theoretical and Comp. Acoustics, Trieste, I, May 1999 Accepted for publications in J. Comp. Acoust.

30. Caiti, A., Bergem, O., and Dybedal, J., "Parametric sonars for seafloor characterization",

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Meas. Sci. Technol. 10 (199) 1-10.

31. G. Canepa, S. A. Frivik and O. Bergem: "ISACS - Sound speed measurements on ground truth samples from the Oslofjord", NTNU Report 429903,1999.

32. G. Canepa and O. Bergem. An approach to robust map generation from multibeam bathymetric data. Technical Report SR-285, SACLANT Undersea Research Centre, La Spezia, Italy, 1997.

33. G. Canepa, "INCIDENCE: A Program for beam incidence angle calculation from a triangulated map", MAST3-ISACS 2nd year annual report, 1998.

34. G. Canepa, O. Bergem: "Small C-routines to read the ADAM data files", MAST3-ISACS 1st year annual report, 1996.

35. G. Canepa, O. Bergem. "A new algorithm for Automatic Processing of Bathymetric Data". Accepted for publication in IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering

36. G. Canepa, O. Bergem. "Automatic outliers elimination and optimal mapping: a solution." Proceedings of the third European Marine Science and Technology Conference, Lisbon, Portugal, 1998.

37. G. Canepa, O. Bergem. "Automatic Processing of Bathymetric Data". Proceedings of the 4th European conference on Acoustics, September 1998, Rome, Italy.

38. G. Canepa, O. Bergem. "Testing of a New Algorithm for Automatic Processing of Bathymetric Data". Proceedings of OCEANS'98, pp313-317, Nice, France, 1998.

39. Canepa, G., Frivik, S.A. and Bergem, O. "Sound speed measurement on ground truth samples from the Oslofjord", NTNU Report 429903, 1999.

40. Caiti, O. Bergem, E. Pouliquen, E. Michelozzi, " Model-based seafloor identification with parametric sonar data: experimental results", In Proc. ASA Meeting, Berlin, Germany, March 1999

41. J. Dybedal: "Preliminary data acquisition in the North Sea", MAST3-ISACS 1st year annual report, 1997.

42. J. Dybedal: "Preliminary data acquisition in the Baltic", MAST3-ISACS 1st year annual report, 1997.

43. J. Dybedal, "Survey report ISACS: Main sea trials in the North Sea", MAST3-ISACS 2nd year annual report, 1998.

44. J. Dybedal, "Survey report ISACS: Main sea trials in the Baltic", MAST3-ISACS 2nd year annual report, 1998.

45. J. Dybedal, A. Lo/vik and O. Bergem, "Application of a Parametric Source for Sediment Characterization and Object Detection", OCEANS'97.

46. DIST Group on ISACS, "sirOb - a Matlab-based toolbox for seafloor model identification from backscattered acoustic signals - User's Manual"

47. Elhammer, A., et al. "Akustisk uppm"atning av havsbotten utanf"or Sandvik p*a "Oland", (in Swedish), SGU, report 1988:4.

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Miscellaneous Conferences and Proceedings

48. Frivik S. A. A study on the possibility of using angle dependent acoustic backscattering strength data for seafloor classification. Technical Report, NO 429810, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7034 Trondheim, Noway, November 1998.

49. S. A. Frivik: "ISACS - Ground truth sampling in the Oslofjord" NTNU Report 429902, in MAST3-ISACS 3rd year annual report, 1999.NTNUReport 429903,1999.

50. S. A. Frivik and J. M. Hovem: (Eds.) 'Integrated System for Analysis and Characterization of the Seafloor' 3rd European Marine Science and Technology Conference in Lisbon, May 1998.

51. S. A. Frivik and J. M. Hovem: "Determination of shear wave properties in the upper seafloor using seismo-acoustic interface waves" ". Proceedings of OCEANS'98, pp. 682-686, 1998.

52. Fugro report (A. Ridgeway and R. Hawkins):" Laboratory and in-situ testing report, geotechnical site investigation *Asg*ardstrand, Jelo/ya and Steinb*aen sites, Oslofjord" Fugro report 55083-2(1). 1999.

53. Hovem, J.M. Detection of buried objects in the seabed; a simple model study SACLANT Undersea Research Centre SR - 279 11 December 1997.

54. J. M. Hovem, B. Berntsen: 'ISACS - Integrated System for Analysis and Characterization of the Seafloor'. Proceedings from HYDROAKUSTIK 1997, edited by N. H"ornqvist, E. Norrbrand, FOA-R-97-0052-409-SE, Sept 1997.

55. J. M. Hovem Detection of buried objects in the seabed at very low grazing angles. 4th European Conference on Underwater Acoustics, Rome, Italy 1998, p. 855-860.

56. J. M. Hovem and S. A. Frivik (Eds.): ' ISACS, Integrated System for Analysis and Characterization of the Seafloor' Proc 2nd EAA International Symposium on Hydroacoustics, pp 63-72. Gdansk, Poland 24-27 May 1999.

57. Karasalo and J. Mattsson: "Accurate numerical modelling of scattering by 3D bodies and shells in a fluid-solid medium", MAST3-ISACS, 1999.

58. I. Karasalo and J. Mattsson: "Accurate numerical modelling of acoustic scattering by 3D bodies and shells in a fluid-solid medium", 4'th European Conference on Underwater Acoustics, CNR-IDAC, Rome, Italy 1998, p. 691- 696.

59. Karasalo and J. M. Hovem: "Transient bistatic scattering from buried objects - full-field simulations and experiment result", 21st Scandinavian conference on physical acoustic, Ustaoset, Norway, 1999.

60. Karasalo and J. Mattsson: "Numerical simulation of transient scattering from bodies and shells in a layered fluid-solid medium", abstract submitted to Forum Acousticum, Berlin, March 1999.

61. Karasalo and J. M. Hovem: "Transient bistatic scattering from buried ", EAIW99, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal, March 1999.

62. Karasalo et al.: "Field-data acquisition: Preliminary field-data acquisition in the Baltic", MAST3-ISACS 1st year annual report, 1997.

63. I. Karasalo, J. Mattsson: 'Numerical modelling of acoustic scattering by smooth inclusions in a layered fluid-solid medium.' Proceedings of the conference on High-Frequency

124

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Acoustics in Shallow Water, Lerici 1997, edited by N. G. Page, E. Pouliquen, O. Bergem, A. P. Lyons, p. 283-290.

64. I. Karasalo, J. Mattsson: 'A high-order method for modelling scattering by smooth bodies in a layered medium'. Proceedings from HYDROAKUSTIK 1997, edited by N. H"ornqvist, E. Norrbrand, FOA-R-97-0052-409-SE, Sept 1997.

65. Karasalo and J. Mattsson: "A high-order boundary integral method for acoustic scattering by 3D bodies in a layered fluid-solid medium", 134th meeting of the acoustical society of America, 1-5 Dec. 1997. Abstract published in J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 102, no. 5, Pt. 2, Nov. 1997, p. 3211.

66. Karasalo and J. Mattsson: "Numerical modelling of scattering from buried objects in a layered fluid-solid medium", MAST3-ISACS 2nd year annual report, 1998.

67. I. Karasalo and J. Mattsson: "Accurate numerical modeling of acoustic scattering by 3D bodies and shells in a fluid-solid medium" 4'th European Conference on Underwater Acoustics, CNR-IDAC, Rome, Italy 1998, p. 691- 696.

68. Karasalo and J. Mattsson: "Numerical modeling of scattering by bodies and shells in a fluid-solid medium", submitted to Oceans 98, Nice, France, 28/9 - 1/10 98.

69. Karasalo, "Subtask 1.3: "Main sea trials in the Baltic. Subtask 4.8: Analysis of TOPAS field data from scattering objects", MAST3-ISACS 2nd year annual report, 1998.

70. Karasalo and J. Mattsson: "Accurate numerical modelling of acoustic scattering by 3D bodies and shells in a fluid-solid medium", 4th European Conference on Underwater Acoustics, CNR-IDAC, Rome, Italy 1998, p. 691- 696.

71. Karasalo and J. Mattsson: "Numerical simulation of transient scattering from bodies and shells in a layered fluid-solid medium", Abstract submitted to Forum Acousticum, Berlin, March 1999.

72. R. E. Loke and J.M.H. du Buf. "Hierarchical 3D shape-based interpolation of irregularlyspaced sonar data using a quadtree", Technical Report UALG-ISACS-TR06, University of Algarve, March 1999.

73. Karasalo and J. Hovem: "Transient bistatic scattering from buried objects - full field simulations and experimental results", 22'nd Scandinavian Symposium on Physical Acoustics, Ustaoset, Norway, Jan-Feb 1999.

74. Karasalo and J. Hovem: "Transient bistatic scattering from buried objects", Environmental Acoustic Inversion Workshop, Algarve, Portugal, March 1999.

75. Karasalo and J. Mattsson: "Transient scattering from submerged objects - theoretical predictions and experimental results", FOA Report FOA-R-99-01169-409-SE, June 1999.

76. R. E. Loke, F. Rotaru and J.M.H. du Buf. "Hierarchical approximation and polygonisation of 3D scattered data points" Technical Report UALG-ISACS-TR07, University of Algarve, January 1999.

77. R. E. Loke and J.M.H. du Buf. Girding and interpolation of TOPAS underwater acoustic data. Technical Report UALG-ISACS-TR05, University of Algarve, May 1998.

78. R. E. Loke and J.M.H. du Buf. Hierarchical 3-D shape-based interpolation of irregularly

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Miscellaneous Conferences and Proceedings

spaced sonar data using a quadtree. Technical Report UALG-ISACS-TR06, University of Algarve, March 1999.

79. R. E. Loke and J.M.H. du Buf. "Hierarchical 3D data segmentation by orientationadaptive boundary refinement." Technical Report UALG-ISACS-TR03, University of Algarve, March 1998.

80. R. E. Loke and J.M.H. du Buf. "Volumetric processing of underwater acoustic data". Proceedings of IEEE OCEANS'98 Conference, (pp 742-746). Nice, France, 28 September - 1 October 1998.

81. R. E. Loke and J.M.H. du Buf. Hierarchical 3D data segmentation by orientationadaptive boundary refinement. Technical Report UALG-ISACS-TR03, University of Algarve, March 1998.

82. R. E. Loke and J.M.H. du Buf. Volumetric processing of Topas underwater acoustic data. In: Proc. OCEANS'98 IEEE/OES Conf., pp. 742-746, Nice France, 28 Sep. - 1 Oct. 1998.

83. R.E. Loke and J.M.H. du Buf. Fast interpolation, segmentation and visualization of 3D sonar seabottom data by using tree structures. Student Poster Competition of OCEANS'99 MTS/IEEE Conf., Seattle, Washington, USA, Sep. 13-16, 1999.

84. R.E. Loke and J.M.H. du Buf. Multiresolution interpolation of sparse multidimensional data by using a tree structure. Technical Report UALG-ISACS-TR06, University of Algarve, March 1999. In preparation for publication.

85. J. Melchiors, S.G. Nikolov and J.M.H. du Buf. Processing of Very Large Volumetric Data. Technical Report UALG-ISACS-TR01, University of Algarve, September 1996.

86. P. Mor'en and J. Pihl: "Sub-bottom characterization using a parametric sonar", Oceans 98 Conference Proceedings, Oceans'98 IEEE/OES, p. 1828-1832.

87. S. Nikolov, E. Loke, J. Melchiors, H. du Buf: "ISACS: First year research report (on volume image processing)", MAST3-ISACS 1st year annual report, 1997.

88. S.G. Nikolov and J. Dybedal. "Volumetric reconstruction, visualisation and fusion of TOPAS sub-bottom profiler data". Technical Report UALG-ISACS-TR03, University of Algarve, December 1997.

89. S.G. Nikolov, R. E. Loke and J.M.H. du Buf. "Interactive 3-D visualisation of sonar data using VRML". In: Proceedings of international workshop on synthetic-natural hybrid coding and three-dimensional imaging (pp. 36-39), Rhodes, Greece, 5-9 September 1997.

90. S.G. Nikolov, J. Melchiors, R. E. Loke and J.M.H. du Buf. The SEAWARDS Software Package: Technical Description. Technical Report UALG-ISACS-TR02, University of Algarve, February 1997.

91. E. Pouliquen, O. Bergem, Pace, N.G. "Time-evolution modelling of seafloor scatter, Part I: Concept.". Acoust. Soc. Am. 105 (6), pp. 3136-3141, June 1999.

92. Reed, T.R., Loke, R.E. and du Buf, J.M.H. The analysis of underwater acoustic data via 3-D segmentation. To appear in 33rd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, Pacific Grove, CA, USA, Oct. 1999.

93. J. A. Sunde: "Detection of a buried object under a water-sand interface. MSc thesis,

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Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Telecommunication, 1999.

94. T. Westerblom: "A parallel version of IS Lab and the NFEM model for wave-propagation in range-independent fluid-solid media", FOA Report FOA-R-98-00851-409-SE, October 1998.

95. The MOSAIC cruise CD, SACLANTCEN 1997, meta-data from the MOSAIC cruise in the Mediterranean Sea 1-10 April 1997.

96. NR-COMPRESS, a C++ program that generates a map from a bathymetric data set. 97. INCIDENCE a C++ program that calculates the local grazing angles given the map from the program NR-COMPRESS

98. NTNU, "ISACS data from the Oslofjord, CD-with meta data" NTNU, 1999.

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Miscellaneous Conferences and Proceedings

Colloque "Caractérisation in-situ des fonds marins". 21 et 22octobre 2004, Centre de Congrès « le Quartz », Brest - France

Objectifs Faire le point sur les avancées méthodologiques et technologiques récentes dans l'utilisation des techniques à distance (acoustiques, sismiques) ou locales (géotechniques) pour la caractérisation in-situ des fonds marins, en abordant à la fois les aspects technologiques et scientifiques.

Contact - Organisation ( Ifremer) Xavier Lurton Ifremer – TMSI/TSI/AS BP 70

F-29280 Plouzané mailto:stwcdf@ifremer.fr

PROCEEDINGS

Session A1 : Applications et enjeux de la caractérisation des fonds marins (I) Chairman : Xavier Lurton • Accueil & présentation (X. Lurton, Ifremer) • In situ seabed characterisation : Oil industry perspective (E. Cauquil, Total) • Intérêt de la caractérisation des fonds dans le domaine de la lutte contre les mines marines. (B. Zerr, GESMA) • Caractérisation des fonds pour la détection sous-marine (Y. Stephan, SHOM-CMO) • Recherche et suivi de polluants persistants sur le fond de la mer (F. Parthiot, Le Cedre)

Session A2 : Applications et enjeux de la caractérisation des fonds marins (II) Chairman : Walter Roest • Seabed characterization from shelf to slope: challenges in Geosciences (J.P. Henriet, V. Van Lancker, T. Missiaen, Univ. Gent, Belgique, V. Huvenne, SOC, U.K.) • Mission légale et besoins techniques du Fonds pour l'Extraction de Sable, Belgique (M. Roche, FES, Belgique) • Les efforts de développement, au Canada, dans le domaine de la caractérisation des fonds (A. Godin, CIDCO, Canada) • La cartographie des habitats benthiques - Etat des besoins et perspectives dans un contexte régional, national et international (D. Hamon & B. Guillaumont, Ifremer)

Session A3 : Systèmes et traitements de sismique Chairman : Eric Cauquil • Deep-towed high-resolution seismic surveying (B. Marsset, Y. Le Gall, M. Derrien, S. Didailler & J-P.

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Miscellaneous Conferences and Proceedings

Regnault, Ifremer) • Déconvolution aveugle de données de sismique réflexion grande pénétration (B. Nsiri, Th. Chonavel, J-M. Boucher ENSTB, H. Nouzé, Ifremer) • Corrélation fine entre système de sismique Ultra Haute Résolution et observation in-situ : Exemple d'un environnement littoral (N. Weber, Th. Garlan, SHOM & E. Chaumillon, Univ. La Rochelle) • Caractérisation et classification de la morphologie des réflecteurs sous-marins (S. Vallez & A. Khenchaf, ENSIETA) • MicrOBS : A new ocean bottom seismometer generation (Y. Auffret, P. Pelleau, F. Klingelhoefer, L. Geli, J. Crozon, J.Y. Lin, J.-C. Sibuet., Ifremer) Session A4 : Sondeurs de sédiments Chairman : Bruno Marsset • Le sondeur de sédiments multifaisceau Kongsberg-Simrad SBP 120 - Présentation et premier bilan d'utilisation (A. Pacault, Géosciences-Rennes, J-C. Le Gac, SHOM-CMO & B. Langli, Kongsberg Maritime, Norge) • High-resolution echosounding and determination of sediment properties using nonlinear acoustics (J. Wunderlich, G. Wendt, Univ. Rostock, Deutschland & S. Müller, Innomar Technologie GmbH, Deutschland) • Sondeur de sédiments petits-fonds pour vedette côtière - Etude, réalisation et résultats expérimentaux (Y. Le Gall, M. Derrien, B. Marsset, X. Lurton, J.-P. Regnault, S. Didailler & C. Augris, Ifremer) • Présentation d'un dispositif de caractérisation géoacoustique des fonds marins, utilisant une onde acoustique à large bande et à rasance multiple (X. Demoulin, Société Marée) • Comparaison entre deux systèmes sismiques à ultra haute résolution : le boomer IKB SeistecTM et le sondeur Innomar TM SES-96 (E. Chaumillon, N. Weber, Univ. La Rochelle, P. Walker, Creocéan & I. Billeaud, Univ. Caen) • Seabed roughness and layer thickness evaluation using subbottom profiler advanced signal analysis (S. Leconte, X. Lurton, B. Marsset, Ifremer & D. Gibert, CNRS-Géosciences Rennes)

Session B1 : Sondeurs et sonars Chairman : Benoît Zerr • Measurement of seabed characteristics using acoustic reflection intensity measurement technology (St. Mars, STEMA Survey Services B. V., Nederland) • Télédétection d'un banc de pétoncles de l'estuaire du Saint-Laurent à l'aide d'un échosondeur simple-faisceau (E. Hutin, Y. Simard et Ph. Archambault, ISMER-UQAR, Canada) • A new Approach on Single Beam Echo Sounder Seabed Classification (Th.T.Lied, Kongsberg Maritime, Norge) • Multistatic sonars - Theory, experiments and buried object detection (Ph. Blondel, P. F. Dobbins, N. Jayasundere & M. Cosci, Univ. Bath, U.K.) • Microbathymétrie et réflectivité à partir de sondeurs multifaisceaux sur le ROV Victor 6000 de l'Ifremer(C. Edy, H. Bisquay, J-P. Foucher & E. Le Drezen, Ifremer)

Session B2 : Traitement de données sonar (I) Chairman : Michel Legris • Automated acoustic seabed classification from swath images (J-M. Preston, A. C. Christney & W. T. Collins, Quester Tangent Corporation, Canada) • Amélioration de la bathymétrie par techniques de shape from shading (Th. Chonavel & C. Sintes, ENSTB) • EMD-based seafloor bedform characterization (A-O. Boudraa & J-C. Cexus, IRENAV) • Perspectives d'utilisation du "Shape from shading" pour les sondeurs multifaisceaux (C. Berron, M. Legris, A. Khenchaf, ENSIETA & X. Lurton, Ifremer) • Improvement of seafloor bathymetry resolution for multibeam echosounders (G. Llort-Pujol, C. Sintes, ENSTB & X. Lurton, Ifremer)

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Miscellaneous Conferences and Proceedings

Session A5 : Applications scientifiques (I) Chairman : Philippe Blondel • Combinaison des systèmes acoustiques petits-fonds pour la caractérisation des habitats benthiques subtidaux dans le cadre du projet REBENT (REseau BENThique). (A. Ehrhold & D. Hamon, Ifremer) • Levés de caractérisation des fonds pour l'identification d'habitats propices à l'ensemencement du pétoncle géant en Basse Côte-Nord (Québec, Canada) (A. Godin, CIDCO, Canada) • Characterization of seafloor substrate around the New Zealand continental shelf and deep seafloor using EM300 and EM3000 multibeam bathymetry and seafloor reflectivity (G. Lamarche, S. Nodder, Y. Le Gonidec, M. Dunkin & I. Wright, NIWA, New Zealand) • Utilisation du sondeur multifaisceau pour la surveillance de zones d'extraction et la cartographie des ressources minérales sur le plateau continental belge (M. Roche & K. Degrendele, FES, Belgique) • EXTRAPLAC: Travaux de cartographie du plateau continental juridique dans le cadre de l'article 76 de la convention des Nations unies sur le droit de la mer (W.R. Roest, B. Loubrieu, Ifremer, S. Youssef, SHOM, R. Vially, IFP, et le groupe de travail EXTRAPLAC)

Session A6 : Applications scientifiques (II) Chairman : Jean-Pierre Henriet • High-Resolution Sonar Imagery of Tsunamigenic Areas - Acoustic textures and seafloor segmentation in the SW Iberian Margin (O. Gómez Sichi, Ph. Blondel, Univ. Bath, U.K., E. Gràcia, A. Vizcaino & J. J. Dañobitia, UTM-CSIC, España) • Imaging active structures in the Almeria Margin (NE Alboran Sea) : seafloor and sub-bottom high-resolution acoustic characterization (E. Gràcia, S. Diez, UTM-CSIC, España, Ph. Blondel, O. Gómez Sichi, Univ. Bath, U.K., A. Vizcaino & J. J. Dañobitia, UTM-CSIC, España) • Expérimentation du sonar frontal COSMOS pour la détection de pétrole immergé (P. Cervenka & J. Marchal, CNRS-LMP) • Multibeam seabed classification using Irish National Seabed Survey data : a comparison between shallow and deep waters (X. Monteys, GSI, Ireland) • The Calimero project : scientific objectives and first at-sea results (X. Lurton, Ifremer & J-C. Le Gac, SHOM)

Session B3 : Géotechnique Chairman : Thierry Garlan • Le pénétromètre Penfeld (J. Meunier, N. Sultan, P. Jegou & F. Harmegnies, Ifremer) • Characterisation of deep-water soils for geotechnical engineering : successes and challenges (A. Puech, Fugro France, H. Dendani, Total, J. Meunier, Ifremer & J-F. Nauroy, IFP) • Contribution à la compréhension de la fluidisation des sédiments sableux (modèles simples, mesures acoustiques) (Y. Mevel, ISEN) • Caractérisation mécanique sols marins grande profondeur (J. Meunier, Ifremer, H. Dendani, Total, J-F. Nauroy, IFP & A. Puech, Fugro France) • The use of surface waves in the characterization of seabed sediments (A. Puech, X. Rivoallan, Fugro France & L. Cherel, IFP)

Session B4 : Géoacoustique Chairman : Laurent Guillon • Expression acoustique des caractéristiques sédimentaires (Th. Garlan, SHOM) • Mesures en cuve de la rétrodiffusion : vers une simulation contrôlée de l'acoustique des fonds marins (J-P. Sessarego, CNRS-LMA & L. Guillon, IRENAV) • Estimation du coefficient d’atténuation des ondes acoustiques de compression au sein d'une structure sédimentaire multi-couches par analyse des mesures d'un sondeur de sédiments (C. Gervaise, ENSIETA) • Variation azimutale de la rétrodiffusion des fonds marins : évidence expérimentale et simulation (G.

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Miscellaneous Conferences and Proceedings

Le Chenadec & X. Lurton, Ifremer) • Ground-truthing of shallow seismic data in sedimentary rocks Late Jurassic siliclastic sediments of the Boulonnais "field laboratory" (J. -N. Proust, CNRS Géosc. Rennes, H. Braaksma & J. Kenter, Vrije Universiteit, Nederland)

Session A7 : Traitement de données sonar (II) Chairman : Christophe Sintes • Classification et segmentation d'images sonar pour le recalage à long terme (I. Leblond, M. Legris, ENSIETA & B. Solaiman, ENSTB) • Dimensionality reduction of sonar images for sediment classification (H. Laanaya, A. Martin, A. Khenchaf & D. Aboutadjine, ENSIETA) • Characteristics vs decision fusion for sea-bottom characterization (A. Martin, Gw. Sevellec, I. Leblond & H. Thomas, ENSIETA) • Amélioration de la classification des fonds marins par fusion multicapteurs acoustiques (D. Kerneis, ENSTB & B. Zerr, GESMA) • Multi-wavelet denoising for speckle removal in underwater sonar images (A. Isar, Univ. Timisoara, Romania, R. Fablet & J-M. Augustin, Ifremer)

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