Bibliography NHD 2016

7/25/2019 Bibliography NHD 2016

1/18

Truong, Angelina

Ventura, Christina

Senior Division

Annotated Bibliography : 5000 Miles, Infinite Possibilities

Primary Sources:

"Ch'ang Ch'un's Travels." Ch'ang Ch'un's Travels . Web. 26 Dec. 2016.

http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/changchun.html

This primary source, an online historical document, gives a description of a travelleron theSilkRoad, Chang

ch'un, a taoistmonkaccompanied bytheauthor of thenarrative,Li Chich'ang.The narrativegivesa detailed

description of the travels of CC, and it shows how the people along the road lived. The geography and

troubles of the road are present even during the venture of a well respected and guarded monk.

Gongliang, Zeng, Ding Du, and Yang Weide. "Wujing Zongyao." Wujing Zongyao. World Public Library, n.d. Web.

The primary source, Wujing Zongyao or Collection of the Most Important Military Techniques is an

online-version of the book by the same name. The Wujing Zongyao, written in1044 A.D.containedspecific

and detailed information ona multitudeof military-related subjects from China.From theseveral subjects of

the book, we used information from Compass andNavigation andGunpowder formulas andweapons in

our project. The Compass and Navigation section assisted in our understanding of the South Pointingnavigation design of ancient compasses. The Gunpowder Formulas and Weapons section supported our

description of gunpowder by providing the formulas of gunpowder that were used in warfare

"Pegolotti's Merchant Handbook." Web. 29 Dec. 2015. http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/pegol.html

This primary source, an online historical document, gives information to merchants whoare to travelalong

the road after theexcursion of Pegolotti. Hegives us insight into thelives of merchants-- what dothey need,

why should they be cautious, and what to avoid along the road.

"William of Rubruck's Account of the Mongols." William of Rubruck's Account of the Mongols. Web. 29 Dec. 2015.

http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/rubruck.html

This primary source, an online historical document, was a really good piece of information to back up our

thesis. It talked about how ambassadors from different religions would travelto the courtsof the Khanand

other places foropen andcontrolled discussion about howand whyeachspeaker shouldadopttheirreligion

as their own. After the debates, the representatives shifted their ways of thinking to fit the ideals of

another's religion, if it seemed valid, that is. These debates evidently shows the reasons behind the

differences and the similarities of modern day religions, showing that the travels along the Silk Road did

indeed create very important ideals that made our religions now.

Secondary Sources:

Amster, Martin, and Lier Chen. "Buddhism and Cultural Exchange along the Asian Silk Road." Buddhism and

Cultural Exchange along the Asian Silk Road. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Nov. 2015. >

This website talked about how Buddhism was brought into China from India by India missionaries and

merchants. One important monk in this process was Xuanang, as he made a pilgramage to India. A typeof

Buddhism wasManayana,whichbelievedthat Buddhahad thepowerto answerprayers andevensave lives.

Due to the spread of Buddhism, new statues, scriptures, spells, anatomy, worship, and art were developed.

"Culture of Silk Road." Silk Road Culture Exchange: Religion and Technology Introduced into China via the Road.

Web. 26 Dec. 2015.


2/18

Truong, Angelina

Ventura, Christina

Senior Division

This website talked a lot about the major religious beliefs that spread along the Silk Road. It

provide enough information to complete the religion page on our website.

"The Decline of the Silk Road." , History of the Silk Road Decline. Web. 25 Nov. 2015.

This website talked about the decline of the Silk Road. The factors that contributed to its decline werehelpful to me; it helped teach more about the good and bad of the Road.

"Decline of the Silk Road." Reasons for Decline of the Great Silk Road. Web. 16 Dec. 2015.

This website informed about why the Silk Road led into its decline. Although this information

was not used on our webpage, it was kept as a thought in our minds and later brought us to

wonder how production of goods might have led to its decline.

"Essential Questions." Traveling the Silk Road Educator's Guide. Web. 10 Jan. 2016.

http://www.amnh.org/education/resources/rfl/web/silkroadguide/concepts.php

This website was very valuable; many quotes were usd from it as it had a very similar topic asour website. The quotes really helped to strengthen our arguments.

"The Jews of the Great Silk Road - The Silk Road Gourmet." The Silk Road Gourmet. 2009. Web. 10 Jan. 2016.

This website gave a little insight as to how the Jews were during the time of the Silk Road. It

also provided an image which was used.

"Mongolia - The Yuan Dynasty." Mongolia - The Yuan Dynasty. Web. 10 Dec. 2015.

This website helped inform more about the Silk Road during the Yuan Dyansty, where many

aspects of it flourished. The aspects were used to conduct further research.

"The Silk Road." The Silk Road. Web. 29 Nov. 2015. .

This online report was very detailed and provided a lot of information. Some of it was irrelevant,

but the important details were singled out which did help in the writing of the website.

Wild, Oscar. "The Silk Road." The Silk Road. University of California, Irvine Earth System Science, 1992. Web. 09

Jan. 2016.

This website was centered on the entire history of the Silk Road. It was broken into eleven chapters with

detailed paragraphs describing each section for each chapter. For our project, we only used the first two

chapters, entitled Introduction and the Early History of the Region to describethegeography of theSilkRoad.

Web Sites:

"About the Silk Road." Silk Road : Dialogue, Diversity & Development. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and


3/18

Truong, Angelina

Ventura, Christina

Senior Division

Cultural Organization, n.d. Web. 09 Jan. 2016.

This article, was extremely useful, as we quoted it multiple times throughout the project. The author

separates the article into sections that describe both the ideas and goods tradedon the SIlk Road, and goes

into further detail about specific subsections of thetwo topics.The authorends thearticlebygoingover the

legacy of the Silk Road, sayingthattheinterconnectedculturesthat have resultedfrom theroutes make the

Silk Road a contributor to the diversity shown in Eurasian culture.

"Arts of the Silk Road." Spice Digest (2007): n. pag. Spice Digest. Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies.

Web.

This PDF file taken from the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies Spice Digest talks about the

art mediums that were used throughout thetime of theSilkRoad, such as landscape painting,textile motifs,

and porcelain. We did not use much information from this source, and we just chose one quote that

connected the arts of the route to the beliefs, ideas, and technology that travelled along side it.

"Belief Systems Along the Silk Roads." Asia Society, n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2016.

The article "Belief Systems Along the Silk Roads writes about the effect of the Silk Road on travellersreligious beliefs. We utilized this article to find one quote to describe the Religion section of our site. The

quote we used described the travel routes purpose in spreading religions all over Eurasia.

Brand, Mike; Sharon Neaves; Emily Smith (1995). "Lodestone". Museum of Electricity and Magnetism, Mag Lab U.

US National High Magnetic Field Laboratory. n.d. Web 10 Jan. 2016.

This article explains the properties of the magnetite, lodestone, and gives a few details on its discovery.

Lodestone was the main material used in ancient compasses. From this source, we learned that Thales of

Thales of Miletus discovered lodestone in the 6th century BCE and used that information to compose the

Compass section of our Inventions page.

"A Brief History of the Silk Road." Web. 29 Dec. 2015.

This secondarysource, a website, talkedaboutthe flourishing times of theSilkRoad andwhatkinds ofgoods

and ideas, although mainly ideas, spread along it. It provided examples that could be given further research.

"Cai Lun (50-121)." 2009 Paper Industry International Hall of Fame Inductee. Paper Discovery Center, 2009. n.d.

Web. 10 Jan. 2016.

This article describes the historical identity of Cai Lun. It helped us understand how one of the fourspecial

inventions of ancient China,paper, first came to be.We describedCai Luns reportto theemperor,TsaiLun,

on his inventionof paper,evenquoting CaiLun on howhavingpaper wouldprevent writings to be inscripted

onto inconvenient materials such as silk and bamboo.

"The Compass." Contemporary Silk Road. N.p., 8 Aug. 2013. Web. 28 Dec. 2015.

https://asiandesignrmit.wordpress.com/2013/08/08/the-compass/
http://www.magnet.fsu.edu/education/tutorials/museum/lodestone.html


4/18

Truong, Angelina

Ventura, Christina

Senior Division

This website talked about the invention of the compass which is creditedto theChinese,specifically during

the Han Dynasty between 2nd century BC and 1st century AD. Originally, they were made of lodestone,

which when suspended, could turn freely and always point in the same direction, and for geomancy

purposes. In the 9th and 11th century, navigational compasses were created. Thesecompassesallowed for

ocean exploration and eventually led to the discovery of the New World.

"Cult of Silk in China." Sericulture in China

. Advantour, n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2016.

This article begins with ananecdote of howsilkwormbreedingbegan. A silkwormcocoonhad falleninto the

tea of wife of Emperor Shi Huang, Lei Zu. When it was removed from the bowl, the cocoon had unraveled

into a thread. The source continues to describe the development of thematerial, theproduction,knownas

sericulture, and how it was used. It was important to understand boththe product itselfand the process of

making it since we utilized this information in both the Sericulture andAdvanced Methods andInnovations

sections of our site. We wrote about how silk was worn, discovered, and made within these sections.

"Culture of Silk Road." Silk Road Culture Exchange: Religion and Technology Introduced into China via the Road.

Web. 30 Dec. 2015.

This website source talked mostly about thedifferent religionsthat spreadalongthe Silk road andhow theycame into other countries and areas bytheroute. It also mentionedmusical instruments andhow advanced

methods were spread by the Silk Road.

"Exchange of Goods and Ideas Along The Silk Roads." CIE Education Portal. China Institute, n.d. Web. 28 Dec. 2015.

.

This document informedmein great detailaboutdifferent goods exchangedalongthe Silk Road. Each object

had itsown page andinteractive questionsat theend, promptingfurther thought about thetrue importance

of each item. A high skill level was required for analytical purposes, and it seemed to be written by a

well-informed professor. We used the first unit for our project, in which it talks about the materials the

Chinese used to write on before the invention of paper.

"Four Great Inventions of Ancient China -- Compass."About China. ChinaCulture.org, n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2016.

This article gives a condensed history of the compass, its function, and how the invention greatly impacted

the West after spreading from China. It helped us understand the South-pointer compass aswell asthe dry

compass, a portable compass that used a lodestone-rubbed needle to navigate direction. We quoted the

information on the two compasses to give our sitevisitorsa general ideaon how the two usedto work. The

most important detail from this source was the impact of the invention to the world.We includedhow the

invention of compass opened the opportunity of safer ocean travel in our site.

"Four Great Inventions of Ancient China -- Gunpowder." ChinaCulture.org, n.d. Web.

This article gives a brief history of gunpowder and shows the development of the invention through the

ruling periods of the Tang, Song, and Yuan Dynasty. The information was very detailed, saying that

gunpowder wasonlyused inbombs duringthe Tang Dynasty buteventuallybeganto fill other weapons such

as "fire cannon", "rocket", "missile" and "fireball" by the time of the Song and Yuan Dynasty. The most

important pieces of information found in this source were the details onhow the invention spreadto other

countries. From China, gunpowder moved to the Arab world and Europe and allowed for new strategies in

battle and more weapons.


5/18

Truong, Angelina

Ventura, Christina

Senior Division

"Gun and Gunpowder." Gun and Gunpowder. Silkroad Foundation, n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2016.

This article describes the creation of gunpowder and its usesin the military. Wewereable tocollect a lot of

information from this sourceand useit forthe Gunpowderand Weaponry section of ourproject.In specifics,

we used an account of the experiment that created gunpowder, dates of breakthroughs made toward the

invention, and weapons that used gunpowder to describe the development of the invention through time.

Hansen, Valerie. "The Legacy of the Silk Road." History of Globalization. YaleGlobal Online, 25 Jan. 2013. Web. 10

Jan. 2016.

This article speaks of the impacts the Silk Roads different exchanges have done to the modern world. We

used the given information only to support our paper subsection in our project. The article helped us

understand the significance of paper, sayingthat theinvention increasedculturalchange andinfluencedthe

printing revolution of Western Europe.

"History of Silk." History of Silk. S, n.d. Web. .

This article gave a written timeline of the history of silk, starting from its discovery to todays world. The

information given by the article was helpful the Sericulture section of our site because it talked about thespread of the product and how itblew up. Roman request for silkimports was sohighthat iteven ended up

damaging its economy. Additionally, this is important to our overall project because silk is regarded as the

biggest industry of the Silk Road, and the evidence shown in this source gives example that support this

statement.

"The Invention of Movable Type in China (Circa 1041 1048)." Jeremy Norman's HistoryofInfomation.com, n.d.

Web. 2016. .

This article goes into detail about Bi Sheng,a Chinese alchemistthat inventedthemethod of printingknown

as movable type. Inthe article isa quote byShen Kuo,a writerunder the Emperor Renzong ofSong, inwhich

he describes Bi Shengs movable type to be revolutionary. We used this quote to exemplify the strengthof

Shengs impact with his invention in the Woodblock and Movable Type Printing section of our site.

"The Invention of Paper." Robert C. Williams Museum of Papermaking . Georgia Tech, 13 June 2006. Web. 28 Dec.

2015. .

This article gives a brief history of the invention of paper, explainingits origins and thengoing into detailof

the process of making it and how it developed. The site is broken up into three sections : The Birth of

Papermaking, EarlyPapermaking in China, andPapermaking Spreads ThroughoutAsia.This allows the reader

to follow the information in an easy and organized method. For our project wewere ableto use thishistory

to give some background on how paper was traded on the Silk Road.

"The Invention of Woodblock Printing in the Tang (618906) and Song (9601279) Dynasties." Asian Art Museum,

n.d. Web. 10 Jan 2016.

This article gave the history of woodblockprintingleadingto Bi Shengs inventionof movable type. We were

able to use this information to write thedescriptionof theWoodblock andMovableTypePrinting section of

the site.

"Items and Products of Trade." Silk Road Trade & Travel Encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web.


6/18

Truong, Angelina

Ventura, Christina

Senior Division

The article, Items and Products of Trade, refers to the merchandise being exported out of China to the

east. Weusedthis sourceto get explanation onthe lifeof a merchanton the SilkRoad,in a sense.The article

talks about the Chinese caravans and the items carried within them. We needed these details for our

Goods homepage, where we quoted this sourceon what itsaid about caravan traveland merchant selling

across the route.

Kmkulkz, Elmira, and Daniel C. Waugh. "Food." Traditional Culture: Food

. Silk Road Seattle, 29 Dec. 2001. Web.10 Jan. 2016. .

The article, Food, describes the difference in food of several differentareasacross theEast andWest.This

source is very rich in detail, incorporating information of traditional hospitalities while eating meals,

methods of cooking, and how foods were made in addition to stating what foods wereeaten.We chose to

only usethe information that involved what a typical nomad wouldeat. Thediet of a nomadon theSilk Road

wasbasedon thetheirlivestock; thetype of meat andmilkproduct thetraveller atewere what theiranimals

could bare.

Krakoff, Roberta. "Eating on the Silk Road." Chinese Food in China, Hong Kong, And/or Taiwan. Flavor & Fortune,

2006. Web. 10 Jan. 2016. .

This article began by speaking of the Ganzu and Xinjiang provinces to the northern and western parts ofChina. The author builds upon these twoprovinces bydescribing theethnic minorities of theareasand their

cuisines. One of the minority groups were the Hui or the west. The Hui people sold obscure meats suchas

lung, kidney, boiled lamb intestines, and every part of the animal in open markets. Rows of other vendors

would sell food in these markets. We quote parts of this information to illustrate a mental image on how

food could be exchanged on the Silk Road.

Mark, Joshua J. "Silk Road."Ancient History Encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Dec. 2015.

.

This website talked about the Silk Road, but more about the people along it. It also talked about how

conquest led to the exchange of ideas and goods, such as the time of Alexander the Great.

Mayor, John. "The Arts of the Silk Roads." Silk Roads Encounter. Asia Society, 2015. Web. 28 Dec. 2015.

.

This informative essay explains how the Silk Road affected and spread art around Eurasia. The author's

purpose of writing the essay was to inform the reader on the types of artsthatwere created along the Silk

Road and how the range of cultures influenced the pieces. We used this information to support the ideas

portion of our debate.

"Monks and Merchants | The Silk Road, a Larger View." Monks and Merchants | The Silk Road, a

Larger View. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Dec. 2015.

This website gave us information on the music of the Silk Road. The information was later madeintoshort

descriptions and put into the Music category on our website.

"Music of the Silk Roads." Silk Roads Encounter. Asia Society, 2015. Web.

28 Dec. 2015. .

This informative essay explains how music ontheSilk Road came about.The author's purpose ofwriting the

essay was to informthe readeron theinstrumentsand methods of spreadingmusicacross Eurasia. Weused

this information to support the "ideas / innovations / philosophies" portion of our debate.
http://sites.asiasociety.org/arts/monksandmerchants/silk5.htmhttp://sites.asiasociety.org/arts/monksandmerchants/silk5.htm


7/18

Truong, Angelina

Ventura, Christina

Senior Division

"Porcelain and Its Spread to the West." Silkroad Foundation, n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2016.

.

This article described the origins of porcelain and its stages of creation. Itwas inventedin China,first made

of a white clay called kaolin and china stone called pertuntze. The spread of the product began in the 9th

century, first travelling to Central Asia and making its way to Europe by the 15th century. This information

was used to compose the description of porcelain for the Porcelain section of our site.

"Printing." Printing. Silkroad Foundation, 2000. Web. 28 Dec. 2015.

.

This article gives a general overview of theprintingtechniques that were developedin China duringthe time

of the Silk Road. It explains the processes of both block printing and movable type printing and their

contribution to the mass production of books and scrolls. This information is important for our project

because it gave us a specific detail, that being that woodblockprintinghad becomecommon inChina bythe

9th century. We included this detail as a quote in our Woodblock and Movable Type Printing section.

Rodriguez, Jean-Paul. "The Silk Road and Arab Sea Routes." The Silk Road and Arab Sea Routes. The

Geography of Transport Systems, n.d. Web. 09 Jan. 2016

https://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch2en/conc2en/silkroad.html

This article provided us with basic background information on theroutes of theSilk Road. Withinthe article

are details regarding the travel route. For example, the Silk Road was used for about 1,500 year and

stretched 6,400 km across West and East Eurasia. For our project specifically, however, we took the

information of what goods were carried in merchants caravans, those including gold, jade, and spices.

"Silk Road Cultural Exchanges: Science and Technology." The Ancient Silk Road. Absolute China Tours, n.d. Web. 10

Jan. 2016.

This website stylized its information to look like a book and separated the different sections into chapters.

The Science and Technology chapter of the site listed several ofthe subtopics thatwe chose touse inour

project, like the compass, paper-making, printing, alchemy, sericulture,and medicine.Sinceour science and

invention subtopic sections andthis site talkedaboutseveral of thesame things, we pulleda quotefrom the

chapter that spoke about Chinese contributionto science andtechnology to describe theSciencesubsection

on our Ideas home page.

"Silk Road Fables." American Museum of Natural History, n.d. Web.

This website contains a collection of stories that were told onthe routesof the SilkRoad. The homepageof

the site speaks of how stories told on the route travelled with the storytellers as theyventured fromas far

east as China to as far west as Europe. We quoted this introduction to provide a description for the People

and Stories subsection on our Ideas home page.

"Silk Road: Spreading Ideas and Innovations."Asia Society. Web. 31 Dec. 2015.

This website talked about how goods and ideas traveled through the Silk Road, a "two-way street". It also

mentioned how Buddhism contributed to the growth of printing, and how he goods along the Silk Road

caused devastating outbreaks, later becoming the causing the Black Plague.


8/18

Truong, Angelina

Ventura, Christina

Senior Division

"The Spread of Printing Technology." Created in China. ChinaCulture.org, n.d. Web.

.

This article specifies on the dissemination of the invention of printing technology throughout Eurasia. It

describes how this Chinese printing technology travelled to Japan, North Korea, Persia, and Egypt. The

printing process had an especially grand impact ontheEuropeancountries, asthemore efficient production

of written works lead influenced revolutionary periods such as the Renaissance and Reformation. Thisknowledge was useful in understanding how another one of Chinas special four inventions, this one being

printing, affected the world.

Vardalas, John. "A History of the Magnetic Compass." The Institute, 8 Nov. 2013. Web.

This article gives the history of the magnetic compass. It describes the compass first appearances using

lodestone, a magnetite, and further studies on how magnetism works in the compass. The sourcewasvery

useful as it gave detail on the ancient Chinese compass that worked by rubbing lodestone on a needle to

point south and how Europe utilized the technology. We used two quotes from this sourcein the Compass

section of our site to support our argument on the importance of the invention.

Waugh, Daniel C. "Horses and Camels." Silk Road Seattle. Ed. Daniel C. Waugh.University of Washington, n.d. Web. 28 Dec. 2015. .

This website, Silk Road Seattle, is a public education project that focuses on the Silk Road's cultural

exchanges all over Eurasia starting from theCommon Era(A.D.) allthe way to theSeventeenthCentury.The

web site uses exhibits with different informational sections regarding the culture of theSilkRoad, including

food, music art, and architecture. We gathered information regarding caravans and the importance of the

horse from this source.

"What Are the Spice Routes?" Silk Road : Dialogue, Diversity & Development. United Nations Educational,

Scientific, Cultural Organization, n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2016. .

This article answers its own question by explaining what the Spice Routes were and how the exchange of

both goods and ideas happened along the route. The SpiceRouteswere especially importantto ourproject

because the demand for spices on this trade route was the cause for long-distance trade thathappened on

succeeding trade routes such as the Silk Road.Twoquotes were taken from this sourceto support theSpice

section of our site; one quote giving a definition of the Spice Routes and the other describing the span of

locations on the route.

Whipps, By Heather. "How the Spice Trade Changed the World." LiveScience. TechMedia Network, 12 May 2008.

Web. .

The article, "How the Spice Trade Changed the World, talksabout exactly what thetitleclaims.The author

describes the outcomes that came from the Spice Routes, some examples being recipes for traditional

medicine and globalization. We took the general outcome from theSpiceTradefrom this source, whichwasthat spices lead to thecreationof sweeping empires, thediscovery of continents, andan imbalancein world

power.

Wu, Annie. "Chinese Porcelain." ChinaHighlights, 15 Dec. 2015. Web. 10 Jan. 2016.

.

This article talked about the history of porcelain in China. We quoted this source to showthe popularityof

porcelain in the West.


9/18

Truong, Angelina

Ventura, Christina

Senior Division

Digital Files:

"The 14 Mindfulness Teachings of Thch Nht Hnhs Zen Buddhist Order | Refine The Mind." Refine The Mind.N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Dec. 2015. .

This website talked about the different types ofBuddhism. Mostof itwason the ideabehind Buddhismand

Zen Buddhism, as it appeared to be the belief of the writer.

"The Antikythera Computing Device, the Most Complex Instrument of Antiquity

."

The Antikythera Computer. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Dec. 2015. .

This website provided an image of the abacus and a description. The part containing the abacuswas taken

notes on and added into our website under Math.

Bonnet-Bidaud, Jean-Marc. "The Oldest Extant Star Chart." Le Sap Aujourd'hui. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Dec. 2015.

.

This website gave an image ofthe oldeststarchart, datingback tothe timeof the SilkRoad.IT alsoprovideda short description about it, which was used to caption the image that we used.

Buell, Paul D., Timothy May, and David Ramey. "The Horse and the Silk Road: Movement and Ideas." N.d. Web.

This online document source went over the history of horses and how they came into the world-- through

exchange. The idea of domestication of horses is what led to the development of nomadic peoples, the

success of theMongols,and advanced ideasof medicinalhelp.Goodswere invented forthe bettercontrol of

horses, and as efficiency increased, many became interested in the creatures, making further interaction

between different ethnicities and exchange of horse lore, improvement ideas, and better medicinal

practices.

A Brief History of the Silk Road

. N.p.: Mitchell Teachers, n.d. PDF.

This digital file gave us an introduction tothe reasonthattheSilk Roadwasmadeas wellas whathappened

along it. The information in it was used as topics to conduct further research on.

"Church of the East." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 17 Dec. 2015.

.

This website provided information on the Churches of the East, but the only information taken fromit was

on Nestorianism, as that was what was needed. The image on this page was also used on our website.

Exchange of Riches. N.p.: UNESCO, n.d. PDF.

This digital file informed me about the things that were exchanged along the Silk Road.I

went into technology, civilization, and empire as well; the information was used for the

goods, ideas, and peoples section on our website.

"Gates of Vienna: A Painting of Mohammed." Gates of Vienna: A Painting of Mohammed. N.p., 20 Aug. 2008. Web.

10 Jan. 2016. .

This website spoke about Islamic faith and Mohammed. It provided an image that was used in our website.


10/18

Truong, Angelina

Ventura, Christina

Senior Division

Hoover, Marla. "Acupuncture: An Ancient Way of Achieving Renewed Wellness."Acupuncture: An Ancient Way of

Achieving Renewed Wellness. BanderasNews, n.d. Web. 27 Dec. 2015.

.

This website provided an image of an old acupuncture chart dating back to the Silk Road. It also described

what the diagram was showing and how each label would relate to which body part and what it would do.

"John Comnenus - Eirene - Alexios - Theotokos Holding Christ." Hagia Sophia. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Jan. 2016.

.

This website provided an image that we used and also gave a description. It spoke about the Hagia Sophia,

the building that contained the image, which was made of tiles.

"Religion in the Mongol Empire | Wikiwand." Wikiwand. Wikiwand, n.d. Web. 23 Dec. 2015.

.

This website spoke about the manyreligions inthe MongolEmpire; theyvariedin all members,as the Khan

could be Christian and hiswifecouldbe a Buddhist.The information inthis sourceshowed that theMongols

were open to all religions and were able to choose which they supported best.

" ." Qwika. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Dec. 2015.

.

Although this website was in a different language, we were able to translate the page and utilize the

information. We did take an image from this page along with its corresponding information for use.

"Transmission of Technology." Transmission of Technology. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Dec. 2015.

.

This website helped aid in writing the conclusion paragraph; it talked about how the ideas and goods along

the Silk Road contributed to the development of Cosmopolitanism and why it's so

important in the modern world. Technology was also mentioned.

"Zoroastrian Heritage." Sogdian Aryan Trade. Silk Roads. China & Zoroastrianism. N.p., n.d. Web.

5 Jan. 2016. .

This website talked about Zoroastrianism and its ideals and beliefs, more specifically, in China. The

information was put into our website under Religions later on.

Books:

Elverskog, Johan. Buddhism and Islam on the Silk Road. Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2010. Print.

The book, BuddhismandIslamon theSilkRoad, explained howBuddhismmigratedfrom Northern India into

Central Asia, where it was able to flourish among the Chinese people. Additionally, it described the newbeliefs and virtues of the Islamic religion during its transition from following its tribal origins into one of

more urban and trade-related culture.

Kuzmina, E. E. The Prehistory of the Silk Road. Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008. Print.

The book, The Prehistory of the Silk Road, by E. E. Kuzmina wrote ofhow Eastern and Western Central Asia

merged with each other on the Silk Road. Specifically,the information taught about which in which

westerners were found in the east (or vice versa) and the different metal materials of similar design that

were found in both areas' burial grounds.


11/18

Truong, Angelina

Ventura, Christina

Senior Division

Videos :

"The Silk Road and Ancient Trade: Crash Course World History #9."YouTube. YouTube, n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2015.

.

This YouTube video gave us a quick description of how the SilkRoadledto the modernworld.Thiswasoneof the first sources we used, and it inspired us to create our topic as it is now.

"The Silk Road: Connecting the Ancient World through Trade - Shannon Harris Castelo." YouTube.

YouTube, n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2016. .

This YouTube video told us about how civilizations were isolated in their areas due to fear of the world

beyond it. As cultures met, they exchanged goods and ideas. Through the conquestof Alexander the great,

the world greater expanded. Routes merged together, and the Mongols protectedthem.It also ledintothe

Age of Exploration.

Images :

Albrecht Drers 1515 Star Chart, the Oldest of Its Kind. Digital image. The Cave and the Sky. NORTH, n.d. Web..

This image was used on our home page. It shows one of the oldest star charts by Albrecht Drer.

Blue-eyed Central Asian Monk Teaching East-Asian Monk. A Frescofrom theBezeklik Thousand BuddhaCaves, Dated

to the 9th or 10th Century (Kara-Khoja Kingdom). Digital image. Silk Road Transmission of Buddhism.

Wikipedia, n.d. Web. .

This image was used on our home page. It showed two different types of monks from the Silk Road Era.

Bonnet-Bidaud, Ean-Marc. The Oldest Known Star Card

. Digital image. The Oldest Known Star Card

. PHoCEA DSM, n.d.Web. .

This image was used on our Sciences page. It shows the oldest known starchart from the Silk Road.

Buell, Paul D. Figure from Knstlicher Berich Vnd Aller Zierlichste Beschreybung. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web.

This image was used on our Sciences page. It shows an acupuncture chart, but for horses.

Cai Lun. Digital image. Showing Cai Lun . N.p., n.d. Web. .

This image was used on our Inventions page. It is an image of the creator of paper, Cai Lun.

Caisu. Digital image. Murals. N.p., n.d. Web. .

This image was used on our Religions page. It shows an image of a statue of Buddhism.

Caravan on Silk Road. Digital image. Silk Road. Zompist, 28 Feb. 2015. Web.

.


12/18

Truong, Angelina

Ventura, Christina

Senior Division

This image was used on our Silk Road Exchanges page. It shows an illustrated caravan.

Caravan traveling in the Sunset. Digital image. [National Strategy], "along the Way" Strategy Ultimately May Need

50 Years. NKNOWS, n.d. Web. .

This image was used on our home page. It shows a caravan traveling in the sunset.

A Chart Used to Determine the `balance' of a Substance's Attributes. Digital image. Islamic Culture and the Medical

Arts. U.S. International History of Medicine, 15 Apr. 1994. Web.

.

This image was used on our Sciences page. It shows a chart used for alchemy in the Islamic culture.

Chinese Compass Held at the Museum C1938. Digital image. Queensland State Archives. Queensland Government,

n.d. Web. .

This image was used on our Inventions page. It shows an old compass from the Silk Road.

Chinese Compass Held at the Museum C1938. Digital image. Queensland State Archives. Queensland Government,

n.d. Web. .

This image was used on our Inventions page. It shows an old compass from the Silk Road.

Chinese Emperor and Empress. Digital image. 1375- DISCOVERY OF SILK .LAST CONDILL, 15 May 2014. Web.

.

This image was used on our Innovations page. It is an image of the Chinese empress showing silk to the

emperor.

The Chinese Maritime Compass . Digital image. Song Dynasty Compass. Pixshark, n.d. Web.

.

This image was used in the slideshows at the bottom of the pages. It showed an old maritime compass.

Chinese Porcelain. Digital image. Chinese Porcelain. UNESCO, n.d. Web.

.

This image was used on our Innovations page. It shows Chinese porcelain.

The Collapse of the Largest Countries in the World. Digital image. Where Did the Mongol-Tatars. N.p., n.d. Web.

.

This image was used on our Peoples and Stories page. It shows a war scene involving the Mongols.

Dharmananda, Subhuti. Painting of Qiu Changchun . Digital image. MA DANYANG'S TWELVE ACUPOINTS. N.p., Sept.

2004. Web. .


13/18

Truong, Angelina

Ventura, Christina

Senior Division

This image was used on our Travels page.

Diptych with the Virgin and Child Enthroned. Digital image. Latin Kingdom. Art Institute Chicago, n.d. Web.

.

This image was used on our Religions page. It shows a tile mural of Mary and Jesus, two big figures in

Christianity.

Doe, John. Zoroastrianism Funeral. Digital image. Most Wild and Scary FUNERAL FROM THE WORLD. N.p., 9 Mar.

2015. Web. .

This image was used on our Religions page. It shows a Zoroastrianism funeral.

Dom, Wynschenk, and Evelyn Underhill.Jan Van Ruysbroeck. Digital image. The Adornment of the Spiritual Marriage.

N.p., 1916. Web. .

This image was used on our Travels page. It shows an image of Jan van Ruysbroeck, aka William of Rubruck.

Evans, Mary. Silk Road on Pinterest Buddhism, Middle East

. Digital image. Silk Road Goods That Were Traded

.Imgarcade, n.d. Web. .

This image was used in the slideshows at the bottom of the pages. It shows relics from the era of the Silk

road.

Eyler, Bryan. The Ancient Silk Road. Digital image. Chinas New Silk Roads Tie Together 3 Continents. The Global

Dispatches, 19 Apr. 2015. Web.

.

This image was used in the slideshows at the bottom of the pages. It shows a caravan moving on a map of

the Silk Road.

Fatima. This Is a Map of the Silk Road. Digital image.Ancient China: The Middle Kingdom. N.p., n.d. Web.

.

This image was used on our Goods page. It shows another map of the Silk Road.

Ferenzi, Roland. The Malabar Coast Pirates during the Indo- Roman Trade. Digital image. Scholarly Lectures on

Thursdays in October. Embassy of India, n.d. Web. .

This image was used on our Innovations page. It is a map of the Silk road as well as the sea routes which

were used to ship spices.

Flowers, Duane. Acupuncture Chart. Digital image. Reiki and Acupuncture / Acupressure. Total Reiki Mastery, 19 Feb.

2008. Web. .

This image was used on our Sciences page. It is an ancient acupuncture chart with a diagram of the human

body.


14/18

Truong, Angelina

Ventura, Christina

Senior Division

Gun Powder. Digital image. Improving Knowledge and Skill in Genral Knowledge - Do You Know This?N.p., n.d. Web.

.

This image was used in the slideshows at the bottom of the pages. It shows a vessel filled with gunpowder.

Hastie, Paul. "Silk Road Secrets: The Buddhist Art of the Mogao Caves." BBC News

. BBC, 23 Oct. 2013.

Web. 10 Jan. 2016. .

This image was used in our timeline to depict a Chinese Buddha as well as show Chinese women holding a

fresh sheet of silk.

Hsuan, Chang. Women Edit New Silk. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web.

.

This image was used on our Innovations page. It shows Chinese women of the Silk Road stretching out a

fresh sheet of silk.

Ikat weaving. Digital image. +65 Convos: MATTER. DSH, n.d. Web.

.

This image was used on our Arts page. It shows the art of Ikat weaving.

Image of Mohammed. Digital image.Journal Outlet! The Out-of-Body Travel Foundation!, n.d. Web.

.

This image was used on our Religions page. It shows an image of Mohammed, one of the main figures of

Islamic faith.

Iyer, Ramdas. Wall mural in Turpan. Digital image.Along the Taklimakan Desert to the Turpan Oasis

. N.p., n.d. Web.

.

This image was used on our Silk Road Exchanges page. It shows an old mural from the Silk Road.

Kelly, Laura. Chinese Jews Reading a Torah Scroll. Digital image. The Jews of the Great Silk Road. The Silk Road

Gourmet, 9 Apr. 2009. Web. .

This image was used on our Religions page. It shows two Jews reading the Torah, the sacred book of the

Jews.

Kotyk, Jeffrey. "Astrology and Astronomy in Buddhism."Astrology and Astronomy in Buddhism. Chinese Buddhist

Encyclopedia, n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2016.

.

This image was used in our timeline. It represents how Buddhists viewed the Cosmos.


15/18

Truong, Angelina

Ventura, Christina

Senior Division

Livraghi, Luca. Francisco Pegolotti. Digital image. The Practice of Mercatura Francesco Balducci Pegolotti. XIV Century.

Sep 25. WordPress, n.d. Web.

.

This image was used on our Travels page. It shows an image of the writer of the handbook, FranciscoPegolotti.

Mandy. Buddhist Devotees Along the Silk Road. Digital image. Textiles People Read past Lives Silk. N.p., n.d. Web.

.

This image was used on our Ideas page. It shows the different people of Buddhism.

Map of the Silk Road. Digital image. The Silk Road - China . Pilot Guides, n.d. Web.

.

This image was used on our Silk Road Exchanges page. It shows a map of the Silk Road.

Meharry, Joanie Eva. Mes Aynak. Digital image. Mes Aynak: Recent Excavations along the Silk Road. Popular

Archaeology, 11 Aug. 2011. Web.

.

This image was used in the slideshows at the bottom of the pages. It shows a statue that was uncovered in

the region of Mes Aynak.

Meng, Leong Kit. Reprints of 3 Different Gunpowder Formulae from the "Wujing Zongyao" Ca. A.D. 1044. Digital

image. Notes on Huo Yao (Fire Drug) or Gunpowder. DragonSeedLegacy, 2005. Web.

.

This image was used on our Inventions page. It shows the 3 formulae used to create gunpowder by the

Chinese.

Model of a Han Dynasty (206 BC220 AD). Digital image. Compass. Wikipedia, n.d. Web.

.

This image was used on the inventions page under "compass". It showed an old compass dating back to the

Han Dynasty.

Mongol Military Tactics and Organization

. Digital image. Wikipedia

. Wikipedia, n.d. Web..

This image decorated our home page. It depicts a Mongol warrior on his horse.

Movable Block Printing. Digital image. Mom's Childhood Book! N.p., 23 Apr. 2015. Web.

.


16/18

Truong, Angelina

Ventura, Christina

Senior Division

This image was used on our Inventions page. It shows movable block printing being done by the Chinese.

Music from Japan. Digital image. Silk Road Painting. Galleryhip, n.d. Web.

.

This image was used in the slideshows at the bottom of the pages. It shows the people of Japan playing

their instruments during the Silk Road era.

Nestorian Priests. Digital image.Asien. Wikipedia, n.d. Web. .

This image was used on our Religions page. It shows a faded image of Nestorian priests.

Old Chinese Bronze Sheng. Digital image.Aliexpress. N.p., n.d. Web.

.

This image was used on our Arts page. It shows an old antique Chinese sheng.

Olga, Luneeva. Roman abacus. Digital image. Interesting Facts about Mathematics.N.p., n.d. Web.

.

This image was used on our Sciences page. It shows an old Roman abacus from the time of the Silk Road.

A Painting of Court Ladies on Horseback. Digital image. Li Gonglin. Wikipedia, n.d. Web.

.

This image was used on our Sciences page. It shows ladies of the court riding on horseback.

Papermaking Process

. Digital image. Papermaking Process. Awagami Factory, n.d. Web.

.

This image was used on our Inventions page. It shows how paper was made before in China.

The Ruins of Gaochang City, near Turfan . Digital image. The Silk Road. N.p., n.d. Web.

.

This image was used in the slideshows at the bottom of the pages. It shows a place that was once a city, now

in ruins.

Saraswat, Pratibha. Invention of Firecrackers. Digital image. Firkee, 10 Nov. 2015. Web..

This image was used on our Inventions page. It shows the Chinese and their invention of gunpowder.

"Sheng (Chinese Mouth Organ): One of the Oldest Wind Instruments." Cool Music Instrument, n.d. Web. 10 Jan.

2016. .


17/18

Truong, Angelina

Ventura, Christina

Senior Division

This image was used in our timeline. It shows a picture of the Chinese musical instrument, the Sheng.

Silk Cocoons and the Finished Product. Digital image. Ginger Nomads. N.p., n.d. Web.

.

This image was used to decorate our home page. It shows silkworm cocoons and the fine silk it would late be

made into.

Silkworm and Mulberry Leaf with Cocoon. Digital image. Fun Facts About Christmas Tree Worms. N.p., n.d. Web.

.

This image was used on our Sciences page. It shows a Silkworm and Mulberry Leaf with cocoon.

Special Grade Temple of Heaven. Digital image. Steepster. Steepster, n.d. Web.

.

This image was used in the slideshows at the bottom of the pages. It shows green tea.

Sri Lankan Spices. Digital image. Spices and Allied Products . Sri Lanka Export Development Board, n.d. Web.

.

The image was used to decorate our home page. It showed different spices from Sri lanka.

Stewart, Stanley. (Candace Rose Rardon) . Digital image. Following the Silk Road to the End of China . BBC Travel, 27

Oct. 2014. Web..

This image was used on our Innovations page. It shows a painting of a street vendor on the Silk Road.

Stone Stamps. Digital image. Printing from a Height of 1 + Division Woodcut, Wood Engraving

. Technologie-2, 7 Oct.2015. Web. .

This image was used on our Inventions page. It shows the movable blocks used for movable block printing.

A Superb Example of a Smiling ("Early Greek") Central Asian Buddha. Digital image. The Buddhist Caves of Dunhuang .

N.p., 1983. Web. .

This image was used on our Arts page. It shows buddha Maitreya, and "At his broken knee one can see the

straw and wood with which Central Asian clay statues are filled"

T'ang Creme-Glazed Vase with Dragon Handles - H.1070 . Digital image.ART FROM ANCIENT LANDS. Barakat, n.d.

Web. .

This image was used to decorate our Home page. It showed an ancient vase dating back to the Silk Road.

Tatu Maitreya Profile. Digital image. Tatu Maitreya Profile. N.p., 30 Jan. 2015. Web.

.

This image was used on our Arts page. It shows an image of the Chinese Buddha.


18/18

Truong, Angelina

Ventura, Christina

Senior Division

Trader on the Silk Road. Digital image. SILK ROAD . UNESCO, n.d. Web.

.

This image was used on our Goods page. It shows a trader exchanging goods on the Silk Road.

Turpin, Francisco Q. Noria Del Candeln.Digital image. Monthly Archives : April 2014

. N.p., Apr. 2014. Web.

.

This image was used on our Sciences page. It shows an image of a noria, a type of water irrigation system

developed during the period of the Silk Road.

Uzbeck Traditional Music. Digital image. Uzbekistan Traditional Song. N.p., n.d. Web.

.

This image was used to decorate our Home page. It depicted old traditional musical instruments.

Wall painting of encounters of people of the Silk Road. Digital image. Restored Mural Suggests 1,300 Years of Tiesbetween Goguryeo, Samarkand. Korea.net, 26 Dec. 2014. Web.

. This image was used on our Peoples and

Stories page. It shows the people of the Silk Road interacting with one another.

Zhiguang, Tian. Foreign Merchants and Monks . Digital image. Northern Song Helped Shape World CivilizationNorthern

Song Helped Shape World Civilization. Chinese Social Sciences Today, 24 June 2014. Web.

.

This image was used on our Ideas page. It showed "Foreign merchants and monks shuttled back and forth

between their home countries and China along the ancient Silk Road during the Song Dynasty, engaging in

commodity and cultural exchanges with their Chinese counterparts"

Documents

Bibliography NHD 2016