BIBLIOGRAPHY Empirical Studies on Legitimacy in ......PluriCourts Investment, Internal Working Paper 1/2014 1 BIBLIOGRAPHY Empirical Studies on Legitimacy in International Investment

PluriCourts Investment, Internal Working Paper 1/2014

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Empirical Studies on Legitimacy in International Investment Law

Daniel F. Behn, PluriCourts, University of Oslo

June 2014

1. Empirical Studies on Investment Arbitration ............................................................................... 1

2. Empirical Studies on Investment Treaties & FDI .......................................................................... 5

3. Empirical Studies on International Arbitration ............................................................................. 8

4. Legitimacy of Investment Law & Arbitration ................................................................................ 9

5. Initiation of Investment Arbitration Disputes ............................................................................ 16

a. Standing .................................................................................................................................. 16

b. Consolidation & Coordination ................................................................................................ 17

c. Treaty Shopping ...................................................................................................................... 18

d. Alternatives ............................................................................................................................. 18

e. Generally ................................................................................................................................. 18

6. Procedural Issues Relating to Investment Arbitration ............................................................... 19

a. Public Interest & Transparency ............................................................................................... 19

b. Arbitrators & Challenges ......................................................................................................... 21

c. Evidence .................................................................................................................................. 23

d. Counsel .................................................................................................................................... 23

e. Interim Measures .................................................................................................................... 24

f. Time & Costs ........................................................................................................................... 24

g. Generally ................................................................................................................................. 25

7. Outcomes Relating to Investment Arbitration ........................................................................... 25

a. Appeal & Annulment ............................................................................................................... 25

b. Enforcement ............................................................................................................................ 26

c. Remedies ................................................................................................................................. 27

1. Empirical Studies on Investment Arbitration

Alvarez, Jose & Gustavo Topalian (2012). The Paradoxical Argentina Cases. World Arbitration & Mediation Review. Vol. 6, p. 491.

Bottari, Mary & Lori Wallach (2005). NAFTA’s Threat to Sovereignty and Democracy: The Record of NAFTA Chapter 11 Investor-State Cases 1994-2005, Public Citizen.

Brekoulakis, Stavros (2013). Systemic Bias and the Institution of International Arbitration: A new Approach to Arbitral Decision-Making, Journal of International Dispute Settlement, Vol. 4, p. 553.

Caddel, Jeremy & Nathan Jensen (2014). Which Host Country Government Actors are Most Involved in Disputes with Foreign Investors? Columbia FDI Perspectives, no. 120


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Campbell, Christian, Sophie Nappert & Luke Nottage (2013). Assessing Treaty-Based Investor-State Dispute Settlement: Abandon, Retain or Reform? Sydney Law School Research Paper No. 13/40.

Chaisse, Julien (2013). Investment Claims Against Asian States: A Legal Analysis of the Statistics, Trends and Prospects. SSRN.

Commission, Jeffery (2007). Precedent in Investment Treaty Arbitration: A Citation Analysis of Developing Jurisprudence, 24 J. Int’l Arb. 129.

Congyan, Cai (2008). The Structure of Arbitrators and Its Implications Towards ICSID Mechanism: An Empirical Analysis. 9 J. World Investment & Trade 333.

Costa, Jose (2011). Comparing WTO Panelists and ICSID Arbitrators: The Creation of International Legal Fields. Oñati Socio-Legal Series, Vol. 1, no. 4.

Dupont, Cedric & Thomas Schultz (2013). Do Hard Economic Times Lead to International Legal Disputes? The Case of Investment Arbitration. Swiss Political Science Review, Vol. 19,no. 2

Eberhardt, Pia & Cecilia Olivet (2012). Profiting from Injustice: How Law Firms, Arbitrators, and Financiers are Fueling an Investment Arbitration Boom. Brussels, Transnational Institute.

Eberhardt, Pia & Cecilia Olivet (2014). Profiting from Crisis: How Corporations and Lawyers are Scavenging Profits from Europe’s Crisis Countries. Brussels, Transnational Institute.

Fauchald, Ole Kristian (2007). The Legal Reasoning of ICSID Tribunals: An Empirical Analysis. European Journal of International Law. Vol. 19, p. 301

Fellmeth, Aaron (2012). The Proportionality Principle in Operation: Methodological Limitations of Empirical Research and the Need for Transparency. 45 Isr. L. Rev. 125.

Fouret, Julien & Dany Khayat (2012). International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) Case Law Review. 11 L. & Practice of Int'l Courts & Tribunals 137.

Franck, Susan (2007). Empirically Evaluating Claims About Investment Treaty Arbitration. North Carolina Law Review, Vol. 86, p. 1.

Franck, Susan (2008). Empiricism and International Law: Insights for Investment Treaty Dispute Resolution, 48 Va. J. Int’l L. 767.

Franck, Susan (2009). Development and Outcomes of Investment Treaty Arbitration. Harvard International Law Journal, Vol. 50, No. 2.

Franck, Susan (2010). Empirical Modalities: Lessons for the Future of International Investment, 105 American Society of International Law Proceedings 33.

Franck, Susan (2011). Rationalizing Costs in Investment Treaty Arbitration. Washington University Law Review, Vol. 88, No. 4.

Franck, Susan (2011). The ICSID Effect? Considering Potential Variations in Arbitration Awards. Virginia Journal of International Law. Vol. 51, No. 4.

Franck, Susan et al. (2011). ‘Through the Looking Glass: Understanding Social Science Norms for Analyzing International Investment Law’ in Yearbook of International Investment Law and Policy (Sauvant ed.).


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Freeman, Nathan (2013). Domestic Institutions, Capacity Limitations, and Compliance Costs: Host Country Determinants of Investment Treaty Arbitrations 1987-2007. Vol. 39, No. 1 International Interactions 54.

Fry, James (2008). International Human Rights Law in Investment Arbitration: Evidence of International Law's Unity, 18 Duke J. Comp. & Int'l L. 77.

Giorgetti, Chiara (2013). Is the Truth in the Eyes of the Beholder? The Perils and Benefits of Empirical Research in International Investment Arbitration. Santa Clara Journal of International Law, Vol. 12, p. 263.

Herman, Lawrence (2010). Trend Spotting: NAFTA Disputes after Fifteen Years. SSRN.

ICSID (2014). ICSID Caseload - Statistics Issue 2014-1.

Kapeliuk, Daphna (2010). The Repeat Appointment Factor: Exploring Decision Patterns of Elite Investment Arbitrators. Cornell Law Review. Vol. 96, p. 47.

Kapeliuk, Daphna (2012). Collegial Games: Analyzing the Effect of Panel Composition on Outcome in Investment Arbitration. Review of Litigation. Vol. 31, p. 267.

Kaufmann-Kohler, Gabrielle & Victor Bonnin (2008). Arbitrators as Conciliators: A Statistical Study of the Relation between an Arbitrator’s Role and Legal Background. 18(2) ICC Bulletin.

Klein, Bohuslav (2005). Who Wins and Who Loses in Investment Arbitration? Are Investors and Host States on a Level Playing Field? 6 J. World Inv. & Trade 65.

McArthur, Kathleen & Pablo Ormachea (2009). International Investor-State Arbitration: An Empirical Analysis of ICSID Decisions on Jurisdiction. 28 Review of Litigation 559.

Nottage, Luke, et al. (2013). The Fundamental Importance of Foreign Direct Investment to Australia in the 21st Century: Reforming Treaty and Dispute Resolution Practice, Sydney Law School Research Paper, no. 13/90

OECD (2012). Government Perspectives on Investor-State Dispute Settlement: A Progress Report.

OECD (2012). Investor-State Dispute Settlement: A Scoping Paper for the Investment Policy Community. OECD Working Paper No. 2012/3.

Peterson, Luke Eric (2009). Human Rights and Bilateral Investment Treaties: Mapping the Role of Human Rights Law Within Investor-State Arbitration. Montreal, International Centre for Human Rights & Democratic Development.

Puig, Sergio (2012). Recasting ICSID's Legitimacy Debate: Towards a Goal-Based Empirical Agenda. Fordham International Law Journal, Vol. 36, 2012.

Puig, Sergio (2014). Social Capital in the Arbitration Market. 25 Eur. J. Int'l L.

Rogers, Catherine (2013). The Politics of International Investment Arbitrators. 12 Santa Clara Int'l L. Rev.

Rogers, Catherine (2014). The Ethics of International Arbitrators. OUP.

Rubins, Noah (2003). The Allocation of Costs and Attorney’s Fees in Investor-State Arbitration, 18 ICSID Rev.-Foreign Inv. L.J. 109.

Rubins, Noah et al. (2006). ICSID Arbitrators: Is There a Club and Who Gets Invited, 3 Global Arb. Rev. 11.


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Scherer, Matthias, Veijo Heiskanen & Sam Moss (2011). Domestic Review of Investment Treaty Arbitrations: The Swiss Experience. 27:2 ASA Bulletin 256.

Schneiderman, David (2010). Judicial Politics and International Investment Arbitration: Seeking an Explanation for Conflicting Outcomes. Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business. Vol. 30, p. 383.

Schultz, Thomas & Cédric Dupont (2014). Investment Arbitration: Promoting the Rule of Law or Over-Empowering Investors? A Quantitative Empirical Study. 25 European Journal of International Law (2014).

Simmons, Beth (2014). Bargaining over BITs, Arbitrating Awards: The Regime for Protection and Promotion of International Investment, World Politics, Vol. 66, p 12.

Smith, David (2011). Shifting Sands: Cost-and-Fee Allocation in International Investment Arbitration. Virginia Journal of International Law. Vol. 51, p. 749.

Sornarajah, M. (2011). ‘Review of Asian Views on Foreign Investment Law’ in Foreign Investment and Dispute Resolution Law and Practice in Asia (Vivienne Bath & Luke Nottage eds).

Tallent, K. (2010). State Responsibility by the Numbers: Towards an Understanding of the Prevalence of the Latin America Countries in Investment Arbitration. Transnational Dispute Management.

UNCTAD (2014). IIA Issues Note, No. 1.

Van Den Berg, Albert Jan (2010). ‘Dissenting Opinions by Party-Appointed Arbitrators in Investment Arbitration’ in Looking to the Future: Essays on International Law in Honor of W. Michael Reisman (Arsanjani et al. eds.).

Van Harten, Gus (2011). ‘Reply [to Franck, Garbin, and Perkins]’ in Yearbook on International Investment Law & Policy.

Van Harten, Gus (2011). ‘The Use of Quantitative Methods to Examine Possible Bias in Investment Arbitration’ in the Yearbook on International Investment Law & Policy (Sauvant ed.).

Van Harten, Gus (2011). Contributions and Limitations of Empirical Research on Independence and Impartiality in International Investment Arbitration. 1:4 Oñati Socio-Legal Series.

Van Harten, Gus (2011). Fairness and Independence in Investment Arbitration: A Critique of Susan Franck's 'Development and Outcomes of Investment Treaty Arbitration. SSRN.

Van Harten, Gus (2012). Arbitrator Behaviour In Asymmetrical Adjudication: An Empirical Study of Investment Treaty Arbitration, 50 Osgoode Hall L. J. 211.

Van Harten, Gus (2013). Sovereign Choices and Sovereign Constraints: Judicial Restraint in Investment Treaty Arbitration, Oxford University Press.

Waibel, Michael & Yanhui Wu (2011). Are Arbitrators Political? University of Bonn Working Paper.

Webster, Thomas (2009). Efficiency in Investment Arbitration: Recent Decisions on Preliminary and Costs Issues. 25:4 Arb. Int’l 469.

Weiniger, Matthew & Matthew Page (2006). Treaty Arbitration and Investment Disputes: Adding Up the Costs, 1 Global Arb. Rev. 44.


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2. Empirical Studies on Investment Treaties & FDI

Aisbett, Emma (2009). ‘Bilateral Investment Treaties and Foreign Direct Investment: Correlation Versus Causation’ in The Effect of Treaties on Foreign Direct Investment (Karl Sauvant & Lisa Sachs eds).

Allee, Todd & Clint Peinhardt (2010). Delegating Differences: Bilateral Investment Treaties and Bargaining Over Dispute Resolution Provisions. International Studies Quarterly 54(1):1-26.

Allee, Todd & Clint Peinhardt (2011). Contingent Credibility: The Impact of Investment Treaty Violations on Foreign Direct Investment. International Organization 65(3):401-32.

Allee, Todd & Clint Peinhardt (2014). Evaluating Three Explanations for the Design of Bilateral Investment Treaties, World Politics, Vol. 66, p 47

Bekker, Pieter & Akiko Ogawa (2013). The Impact of Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) Proliferation on Demand for Investment Insurance: Reassessing Political Risk Insurance After the ‘BIT Bang.’ Vol. 28, No. 2 ICSID Review 314.

Bonnitcha, Jonathan (2012). The Economics of Investment Treaty Protection and the Evolving Empirical Research Agenda. SSRN.

Burger, Laurence (2010). Swiss Bilateral Investment Treaties: A Survey. 27:5 J. Int’l Arb. 473.

Busse, Matthias, Jens Koninger & Peter Nunnenkamp (2010). FDI Promotion through Bilateral Investment Treaties: More than a BIT? Review of World Economics. Vol. 146, p. 147.

Buthe, Tim & Helen Milner (2009). ‘Bilateral Investment Treaties and Foreign Direct Investment: A Political Analysis’ in The Effect of Treaties on Foreign Direct Investment (Sauvant & Sachs eds.).

Capling, Ann & Kim Nossal (2006). Blowback: Investor-State Dispute Mechanisms in International Trade Agreements. Governance. Vol. 19, p. 151.

Colen, L. et al. (2012). ‘Foreign Direct Investment as an Engine for Economic Growth and Human Development: A Review of the Arguments and Empirical Evidence’ in Foreign Direct Investment and Human Development. (Schutter, et al. eds.).

Egger, Peter & Michael Pfaffermayr (2004). The Impact of Bilateral Investment Treaties on Foreign Direct Investment. 32 J. Comparative Econ. 788.

Egger, Peter & Valeria Merlo (2012). BITs Bite: An Anatomy of the Impact of Bilateral Investment Treaties on Multinational Firms. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Vol. 104, p. 1240.

Gallagher K. & M. Birch (2006). Do Investment Agreements Attract Investment? Evidence Fom Latin America, 7 J. World Inv. &Trade 961.

Ginsburg, Tom (2005). International Substitutes for Domestic Institutions: Bilateral Investment Treaties and Governance. 25 Int’l Rev. L. & Econ. 107.

Haftel, Y. (2010). Ratification Counts: US Investment Treaties and FDI Flows into Developing Countries. Review of International Political Economy. Vol. 17, p. 348.

Hajzler, Christopher (2012). Expropriation of Foreign Direct Investments: Sectoral Patterns from 1993 to 2006. 148 Rev. World Econ. 119.


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Hallward‐Driemeier, Mary (2003). Do Bilateral Investment Treaties Attract Foreign Direct Investment? Only a Bit . . . And They Could Bite (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. WPS 3121).

Harding, Torfinn & Beata Javorcik (2013). Investment Promotion and FDI Inflows: Quality Matters. 59 CESifo Economic Studies 337.

Hayakawa, Kazunobu et al. (2013). The Role of Home and Host Country Characteristics in FDI: Firm-Level Evidence from Japan, Korea and Taiwan. Global Economic Review. Vol. 42, p. 99.

Jacobs, Michel (2011). Accounting for the Internal Dynamics of Bilateral Investment Treaties: Every Bit Counts. Western Political Science Association 2011 Annual Meeting Paper.

Jenkins, Peter (2009). Virtual Worlds as a New Game Theoretic Model for International Law: The Case of Bilateral Investment Treaties. SCRIPTed, Vol. 6, No. 1.

Kerner, Andrew (2009). Why Should I Believe You? The Costs and Consequences of Bilateral Investment Treaties. International Studies Quarterly. Vol. 53, p. 73.

Kobrin, Stephen (1984). Expropriation as an Attempt to Control Foreign Firms in LDCs: Trends from 1960 to 1979. 28 Int’l Studies Q. 329.

Lombard, Francois (1978). Screening Foreign Direct Investment in LDCs: Empirical Findings of the Colombian Case -1967-1975. 9 J. Int'l Bus. Stud. 66.

Neumayer, Eric & Laura Spess (2005). Do Bilateral Investment Treaties Increase Foreign Direct Investment to Developing Countries? 33 World Develop. 1567.

Neumayer, Eric, et al. (2014). Are Stricter Investment Rules Contagious? Host Country Competition for Foreign Direct Investment through International Agreements, WTO Working Paper ERSD-2014-04.

OECD (2008). ‘International Investment Agreements: A Survey of Environmental, Labour and Anti-Corruption Issues’ in International Investment Law: Understanding Concepts and Tracking Innovations.

OECD (2011). Environmental Concerns in International Investment Agreements: A Survey.

OECD (2012). Dispute Settlement Provisions in International Investment Agreements: A Large Sample Survey. OECD International Investment Working Paper No. 2012/2.

OECD (2013). Temporal Validity of International Investment Agreements: A Large Sample Survey of Treaty Provisions.

Parvanov, Parvan & Mark Kantor (2012). ‘Comparing US Law and Recent US Investment Agreements: Much More Similar Than You Might Expect’ in Yearbook on International Investment Law & Policy (Karl Sauvant ed).

Peinhardt, Clint & Todd Allee (2011). ‘Devil in the Details? The Investment Effects of Dispute Settlement Variation in BITs’ in Yearbook on International Investment Law and Policy (Karl Sauvant ed).

Peinhardt, Clint & Todd Allee (2012). Failure to Deliver: The Investment Effects of US Preferential Economic Agreements. The World Economy 35 (6):757-83.

Poulsen, Lauge (2010). Bilateral Investment Treaties and Preferential Trade Agreements: Is a BIT Really Better Than a Lot? 1:1 Investment Treaty News Quarterly 16.


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Poulsen, Lauge (2010). The Significance of South-South BITs for the International Investment Regime: A Quantitative Analysis. Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business. Vol. 30, p. 101.

Poulsen, Lauge (2011). Sacrificing Sovereignty by Chance: Investment Treaties, Developing Countries, and Bounded Rationality (unpublished PhD dissertation, London School of Economics), available at: etheses.lse.ac.uk/141.

Poulsen, Lauge (2012). ‘Investment Treaties and the Globalisation of State Capitalism: Opportunities and Constraints for Host States’ in Prospects in International Investment Law and Policy (R. Echandi & P. Sauvé eds).

Poulsen, Lauge (2013). Bounded Rationality and the Diffusion of Modern Investment Treaties. International Studies Quarterly 58 (1).

Salacuse, Jeswald & Nicholas Sullivan (2005). Do BITs Really Work? An Evaluation of Bilateral lnvestment Treaties and their Grand Bargain, 46 Harv. Int'l L.J. 67.

Sauvant, Karl & Lisa Sachs eds (2010). The Effect of Treaties on Foreign Direct Investment: Bilateral Investment Treaties, Double Taxation Treaties, and Investment Flows. OUP.

Scaperlanda, Anthony (1967). The EEC and US Foreign Investment: Some Empirical Evidence. 77 Econ. J. 22.

Shan, Wenhua & Sheng Zhang (2011). FDI in China and the Role of Law: An Empirical Approach. 12:4 J. World Investment & Trade

Simmons, Beth et al. (2006). Competing for Capital: The Diffusion of Bilateral Investment Treaties 1959-2000, International Organization 60(4): 811-846.

Swenson, Deborah (2005). Why Do Developing Countries Sign Bits? 12 U.C. Davis J. Int’l L. & Pol’y 131.

Tobin, Jennifer & Susan Rose-Ackerman (2009). ‘Do BITs Benefit Developing Countries?’ in The Future of Investment Arbitration (Catherine Rogers & Roger Alford eds).

UNCTAD (2005). South-South Cooperation in International Investment Arrangements.

UNCTAD (2009). The Role of International Investment Agreements in Attracting Foreign Direct Investment to Developing Countries.

UNCTAD (2013). World Investment Report 2013.

Yackee, Jason (2007). Do BITs Really Work? Revisiting the Empirical Link between Investment Treaties and Foreign Direct Investment. University of Wisconsin Legal Studies Research Paper No. 1054.

Yackee, Jason (2008). Bilateral Investment Treaties, Credible Commitment, and the Rule of (International) Law: Do BITs Promote Foreign Direct Investment? 42 L. & Soc’y Rev. 805.

Yackee, Jason (2008). Conceptual Difficulties in the Empirical Study of Bilateral Investment Treaties, 3 Brook. J. Int'l L. 405-462.

Yackee, Jason (2011). Do Bilateral Investment Treaties Promote Foreign Direct Investment? Some Hints from Alternative Evidence. Virginia Journal of International Law. Vol. 51, p. 397.


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3. Empirical Studies on International Arbitration

Ali, Shahla (2009). Approaching the Global Arbitration Table: Comparing the Advantages of Arbitration as Seen by Practitioners in East Asia and the West. 28 Rev. Litig. 791.

Dezalay, Y. & B. Garth (1996). Dealing in Virtue: International Commercial Arbitration and the Construction of a Transnational Legal Order. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

Drahozal, Christopher & Richard Naimark, eds, (2005). Towards a Science of International Arbitration: Collected Empirical Research.

Drahozal, Christopher (2003). Of Rabbits and Rhinoceri: A Survey of Empirical Research on International Commercial Arbitration, 20 J. Int’l Arb. 23.

Drahozal, Christopher (2004). A Behavioral Analysis of Private Judging. 67 Law Contemp. Probl. 127.

Drahozal, Christopher (2005). Contracting Out of National Law: An Empirical Look at the New Law Merchant, 80 Notre Dame L. Rev. 523.

Drahozal, Christopher (2006). Arbitration by the Numbers: The State of Empirical Research on International Commercial Arbitration, 22 Arb. Int’l 291.

Drahozal, Christopher (2008). Arbitration Costs and Form Accessibility: Empirical Evidence. 41 U. Mich. J.L. Reform 813.

Guglya, Leonila (2011). International Review of Decisions Concerning Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Award: A Threat to the Sovereignty of the States or an Overestimated Hazard (so far)? Czech Y.B. Int'l L. 93.

Karton, Joshua (2013). The Culture of International Arbitration and the Evolution of Contract Law OUP. (2013).

Lake, Sarah (2011). An Empirical Study of the UNIDROIT Principles: International and British Responses. 16 Unif. L. Rev. 669.

Lee, Ilhyung (2008). Practice and Predicament: The Nationality of the International Arbitrator (with Survey Results), 31 Fordham Int’l L.J. 603.

Li, Ya-Wei (2012). Dispute Resolution Clauses in International Contracts: An Empirical Study. 39 Cornell Int'l L.J. 789.

Liu, Xiaohong (2006). Achieving Effectiveness of Arbitration Clauses: A Practical Survey from a Chinese Legal Perspective. 3 US-China Law Review 33.

Mistelis, Loukas (2004). International Arbitration – Corporate Attitudes and Practices – 12 Perceptions Tested: Myths, Data and Analysis Research Report, 15 Am. Rev. Int’l Arb. 525.

Naimark, R. & S. Keer (2005). ‘Post-Award Experience in International Commercial Arbitration’ in Towards a Science of International Arbitration: Collected Empirical Research 270 (Christopher Drahozal & Richard Naimark eds).

Onyema, Emilia (2007). Empirically Determined Factors in Appointing Arbitrators in International Commercial Arbitration. 73 Arb. 199.


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Stipanowich, Thomas (2012). Arbitration Fairness Index: Using a Public Rating System to Skirt the Legal Logjam and Promote Fairer and More Effective Arbitration of Employment and Consumer Disputes. 60 U. Kan. L. Rev. 985.

Tellez, Felipe Mutis (2012). Arbitrators’ Independence and Impartiality: A Review of SCC Board Decisions on Challenges to Arbitrators (2010-2012). SSRN.

White & Case (2006). 2006 International Arbitration Study: Corporate Attitudes and Practices. Queen Mary School of Law.

White & Case (2008). 2008 International Arbitration Study: Corporate Attitudes and Practices – Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Awards. Queen Mary School of Law.

White & Case (2010). 2010 International Arbitration Survey: Choices in International Arbitration. Queen Mary School of Law.

White & Case (2012). 2012 International Arbitration Survey: Current and Preferred Practices in the Arbitral Process. Queen Mary School of Law.

White & Case (2013). International Arbitration Survey 2013: Corporate Choices in International Arbitration: Industry Perspectives. Queen Mary School of Law.

Whytock, C. (2008). The Litigation-Arbitration Relationship in Transnational Dispute Resolution: Empirical Insights from the US Federal Courts. World Arbitration & Mediation Review 2: 39-82.

4. Legitimacy of Investment Law & Arbitration

Alvarez, Jose & Karl Sauvant, eds. (2011). The Evolving International Investment Regime: Expectations, Realities, Options. Cambridge, CUP.

Alvarez, Jose (2009). Meador Lecture Series 2007-2008: Empire. Contemporary Foreign Investment Law: An ‘Empire of Law’ or the ‘Law of Empire?’ 60 Ala. L. Rev. 943-975.

Alvarez, Jose (2011). Book Review of the Multilateralization of International Investment Law by Stephan W. Schill. American Journal of International Law. Vol. 105, p. 377.

Alvarez, Jose (2011). The Public International Law Regime Governing International Investment. The Pocket Books of the Hague Academy of International Law. Brill.

Alvarez, Jose (2011). The Return of the State. 20 Minn. J. Int'l L. 223.

Anderson, Sarah & Sara Grusky (2007). Challenging Corporate Investor Rule: How the World Bank’s Investment Court, Free Trade Agreements, and Bilateral Investment Treaties Have Unleashed a New Era of Corporate Power and What to Do About It, Institute For Policy Studies.

Baetens, Freya ed. (2013). Investment Law Within International Law: Integrationist Perspectives. CUP.

Berman, Sir Franklin (2011). ‘Evolution or Revolution?’ in Evolution in Investment Treaty Law and Arbitration (Chester Brown & Kate Miles eds).

Binder, Christina, et al. (2009). International Investment Law for the 21st Century: Essays in Honour of Christoph Schreuer. Oxford.


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Bjorklund, Andrea & Sophie Nappert (2010). ‘Beyond Fragmentation’ in New Directions in International Economic Law – In Memoriam Thomas Wälde.

Bjorklund, Andrea (2007). Private Rights and Public International Law: Why Competition Among International Economic Law Tribunals is Not Working. Hastings Law Journal. Vol. 59, p. 241.

Bjorklund, Andrea (2009). The Emerging Civilization of Investment Arbitration. Penn State Law Review. Vol. 113, p. 1269.

Bjorklund, Andrea (2013). The Role of Counterclaims in Rebalancing Investment Law, Vol.17 No. 2 Lewis & Clark L. Rev. 461.

Blyschak, Paul (2009). State Consent, Investor Interests and the Future of Investment Arbitration: Reanalyzing the Jurisdiction of Investor-State Tribunals in Hard Cases. 9 Asper Rev. Int'l Bus. & Trade L. 99.

Born, Gary (2012). A New Generation of International Adjudication. 61 Duke L.J. 775.

Brower, Charles & Stephan Schill (2009). Is Arbitration a Threat or a Boon to the Legitimacy of International Investment Law? Chicago Journal of International Law. Vol. 9, p. 471.

Brown, Chester & Kate Miles, eds (2011). Evolution in Investment Treaty Law and Arbitration, Cambridge University Press.

Brown, Chester (2010). Investment Arbitration as the ‘New Frontier.’ 28:1 The Arbitrator and Mediator 59.

Butler, Nicolette (2013). Possible Improvements to the Framework of International Investment Arbitration. Vol. 14, No. 4 Journal of World Investment & Trade 613.

Calamita, Jansen, et al. eds (2013). The Future of ICSID and the Place of Investment Treaties in International Law: Current Issues in Investment Treaty Law. British Institute of International & Comparative Law.

Caron, David (2009). Investor-State Arbitration: Strategic and Tactical Perspectives on Legitimacy. 32 Suffolk Transnat'l L. Rev. 513-524.

Cheng, Tai-Heng & Robert Trisotto (2009). Reasons and Reasoning in Investment Treaty Arbitration. 32 Suffolk Transnat'l L. Rev. 409.

Childress, Donald (2013). Does International Investment Law Need Administrative Law? Harvard International Law Journal, Vol. 54, p. 115

Choudhury, Barnali (2013). International Investment Law as a Global Public Good. Vol. 17, No. 2 Lewis & Clark Law Review.

Collins, David (2009). A New Role for the WTO in International Investment Law: Public Interest in the Post-Neoliberal Period. 25 Conn. J. Int'l L. 1-35

Crawford, James (2010). Ten Investment Arbitration Awards that Shook the World: Introduction and Overview. Dispute Resolution International. Vol. 4, p. 71.

De Wet, Erika (2013). The Rise and Fall of the Tribunal of the Southern African Development Community: Implications for Dispute Settlement in Southern Africa. ICSID Review-Foreign Investment Law Journal Volume 28, Issue 1.

Dickson-Smith, Kyle (2012). Philip Morris v. Australia and the Benefits of the Investor-State Arbitration System. SSRN.


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Dimsey, Mariel (2013). ‘Foreign Direct Investment and the Alleviation of Poverty: Is Investment Arbitration Falling Short of its Goal?’ in Poverty and the International Economic Legal System: Duties to the World's Poor (Krista Nadakavukaren Schefer ed).

Douglas, Zachary (2004). The Hybrid Foundations of Investment Treaty Arbitration. British Yearbook of International Law. Vol. 74, p. 151.

Douglas, Zachary, Joost Pauwelyn & Jorge E. Viñuales eds (2014). The Foundations of International Investment Law: Bridging Theory into Practice. OUP.

Echandi, R. & P. Sauvé eds (2012). Prospects in International Investment Law and Policy. CUP.

Foster, George (2013). Investors, States, and Stakeholders: Power Asymmetries in International Investment and the Stabilizing Potential of Investment Treaties. Vol. 17, No. 2 Lewis & Clark Law Review.

Franck, Susan (2005). The Legitimacy Crisis in Investment Treaty Arbitration: Privatizing Public International Law through Inconsistent Decisions. Fordham Law Review. Vol. 73, p. 1521.

Franck, Susan (2005). The Nature and Enforcement of Investor Rights Under Investment Treaties: Do Investment Treaties Have a Bright Future? 12 U.C. Davis J. Int’l L. & Pol’y 47.

Fry, James (2011). Regularity Through Reason: A Foundation of Virtue for International Arbitration. 4:1 Contemporary Asia Arbitration J. 57.

Gal-Or, Noemi (2009). The Investor and Civil Society as Twin Global Citizens: Proposing a New Interpretation in the Legitimacy Debate. 32 Suffolk Transnat'l L. Rev. 271-301

Ghouri, Ahmad Ali (2009). Investment Treaty Arbitration and the Development of International Investment Law as a ‘Collective Value System’: A Synopsis of a New Synthesis. 10:6 J. World Investment & Trade.

Ghouri, Ahmad Ali (2011). The Evolution of Bilateral Investment Treaties, Investment Treaty Arbitration and International Investment Law. 14:6 Int'l Arbitration L. Rev. 189.

Gomez, Katia (2011). Latin America and ICSID: David Versus Goliath. 17 Law & Bus. Rev. Am. 195.

Guzman, Andrew (1998). Why LDCs Sign Treaties That Hurt Them: Explaining the Popularity of Bilateral Investment Treaties, 38 Va. J. Int’l L. 639.

Harhay, Leah (2011). Investment Arbitration in 2021: A Look to Diversity and Consistency. 18 Southwestern J. Int'l L. 89.

Hirsch, Moshe (2014). ‘The Sociology of International Investment Law’ in The Foundations of International Investment Law: Bringing Theory into Practice (Zachary Douglas, Joost Pauwelyn and Joost E. Viñuales eds).

Hoffman, Rainer & Christian Tams eds (2011). International Investment Law and General International Law: From Clinical Isolation to Systemic Integration. Nomos.

Hoffmann, Anne (2013). Counterclaims in Investment Arbitration. Vol. 28, No. 2 ICSID Review 438.

Hsu, Locknie (2011). International Investment Disputes: Ideological Fault Lines and an Evolving Zeitgeist. 12 J. World Investment & Trade 827.

Hueckel, Julia (2012). Rebalancing Legitimacy and Sovereignty in International Investment Agreements. 61 Emory L.J. 601-640.


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Johnson, O. Thomas & Jonathan Gimblett (2012). ‘From Gunboats to BITs: The Evolution of Modern International Investment Law’ in Yearbook on International Investment Law & Policy (Karl P. Sauvant ed).

Kalicki, Jean & Suzana Medeiros (2008). Investment Arbitration in Brazil: Revisiting Brazil’s Traditional Reluctance Towards ICSID, BITs and Investor-State Arbitration. 24(3) Arbitration International.

Kläger, Roland (2010). Fair and Equitable Treatment: A Look at the Theoretical Underpinnings of Legitimacy and Fairness. 11:3 J. World Investment & Trade.

Kleinlein, Thomas (2011). Judicial Lawmaking by Judicial Restraint:The Potential of Balancing in International Economic Law. 12 German L.J. 1141.

Kononov, Oleksiy (2011). International Investment Law: Is it Time to Change the Traditional BIT System? Czech Y.B. Int'l L. 123.

Kotuby, Charles & Luke Sobota (2013). Practical Suggestions to Promote the Legitimacy and Vitality of International Investment Arbitration, Vol. 28, No. 2 ICSID Review 454.

Kriebaum, Ursula (2013). ‘Are Investment Treaty Standards Flexible Enough to Meet the Needs of Developing Countries?’ In Investment Law Within International Law: Integrationist Perspectives (F. Baetens ed).

Krishan, Devashish (2011). ‘Thinking about BITs and BIT Arbitration: The Legitimacy Crisis that Never Was,’ in New Directions in International Economic Law: In Memoriam Thomas Wälde (Weiler, T. & Braetens, F eds).

Kurtz, Jürgen (2012). Australia’s Rejection of Investor-State Arbitration: Causation, Omission and Implication. ICSID Review. Vol. 27, p. 65.

Kurtz, Jürgen (2013). ‘Building Legitimacy through Interpretation in Investor-State Arbitration: On Consistency, Coherence and the Identification of Applicable Law’ in The Foundations of International Investment Law: Bridging Theory Into Practice (Zachary Douglas, Joost Pauwelyn and Jorge Vinuales eds).

Laborde, Gustavo (2010). The Case for Host State Claims in Investment Arbitration. 1:1 J. Int'l Dispute Settlement 97.

Levine, Judith (2011). ‘Navigating the Parallel Universe of Investor-State Arbitrations Under the UNCITRAL Rules’ in Evolution in Investment Treaty Law and Arbitration (Chester Brown & Kate Miles eds).

Lo, Chang-Fa (2013). Relations and Possible Interactions between State-State Dispute Settlement and Investor-State Arbitration under BITS. Vol. 6, No. 1 Contemporary Asia Arbitration Journal 1.

Mann, Howard (2013). Reconceptualizing International Investment Law: Its Role in Sustainable Development. 17 Lewis & Clark L. Rev. 521.

Martins Paparinskis (2010). The Limits of Depoliticisation in Contemporary Investor-State Arbitration. 3 Select Proceedings of the European Society of International Law.

Maupin, Julie (2012). Public and Private in International Investment Law: An Integrated Systems Approach. Duke University School of Law.


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Mayeda, Graham (2009). Investing in Development: The Role of Democracy and Accountability in International Investment Law. Alberta Law Review. Vol. 46, p. 1009.

Meyers Daniel (2008). In Defense of the International Treaty Arbitration System. 31 Hous. J. Int'l L. 47-81.

Michael Waibel, et al. eds (2010). The Backlash against Investment Arbitration. The Hague, Kluwer.

Mills, Alex (2011). Antinomies of Public and Private at the Foundations of International Investment Law and Arbitration. Journal of International Economic Law. Vol. 14, p. 469

Nottage, Luke (2013). Throwing the Baby out with the Bathwater: Australia’s New Policy on Treaty-Based Investor-State Arbitration and Its Impact in Asia. 37 Asian Studies Review 253.

Olivia Chung (2007). The Lopsided International Investment Law Regime and Its Effect on the Future of Investor‐State Arbitration. Virginia Journal of International Law. Vol. 47, p. 953.

Parish, Matthew, et al. (2011). Awarding Moral Damages to Respondent States in Investment Arbitration. 29 Berkeley J. Int'l L. 225.

Park, William (2013). Convention Violations and Investment Claims. Vol. 29, No. 2 Arbitration International 175.

Paulsson, Jan (2010). The Power of States to Make Meaningful Promises to Foreigners. Journal of International Dispute Settlement. Vol. 1, p. 341.

Pauwelyn, Joost (2014). ‘Regime Composition, Emergence, and Change’ in The Foundations of International Investment Law: Bridging Theory into Practice (Zachary Douglas, Joost Pauwelyn and Jorge E. Viñuales eds).

Petersmann, Ernst-Ulrich (2010). The Future of International Economic Law: A Research Agenda. EUI Working Papers No. 2010/06.

Petersmann, Ernst-Ulrich (2013). The Judicial Task of Administering Justice in Trade and Investment Law and Adjudication. Vol. 4, No. 1 J Int. Disp. Settlement 5.

Picker, Colin et al. eds (2008). International Economic Law: The State and Future of the Discipline. Hart Publishing.

Puig, Sergio & Meg Kinnear (2010). NAFTA Chapter Eleven at Fifteen: Contributions to a Systemic Approach in Investment Arbitration. 25:2 ICSID Rev. - Foreign Investment L.J. 225.

Puig, Sergio (2013). Emergence and Dynamism in International Organizations: ICSID, Investor- State Arbitration, and International Investment Law. 44 Georgetown Journal of International Law 531.

Puig, Sergio (2014). ‘No Right without a Remedy: Foundations of Investor-State Arbitration’ in The Foundations of International Investment Law: Bridging Theory into Practice (Zachary Douglas, Joost Pauwelyn & Jorge E. Viñuales eds.)

Reisman, Michael (2009). International Investment Arbitration and ADR: Married But Living Apart. ICSID Review. Vol. 24, p. 185.

Reisman, Michael (2013). ‘Case Specific Mandates’ Versus ‘Systemic Implications’: How Should Investment Tribunals Decide? – The Freshfields Arbitration Lecture. Arbitration International Vol. 29, p. 131.

Rigo Sureda, Andrés (2012). Investment Treaty Arbitration: Judging Under Uncertainty. CUP.


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Roberts, Anthea (2010). Power and Persuasion in Investment Treaty Interpretation: The Dual Role of States, 104 Am. J. Int’l L. 179.

Roberts, Anthea (2012). Clash of Paradigms: Actors and Analogies Shaping the Investment Treaty System. 106 American Journal of International Law.

Roberts, Anthea (2014). State-to-State Investment Treaty Arbitration: A Hybrid Theory of Interdependent Rights and Shared Interpretive Authority. Vol. 55 Harvard International Law Journal.

Rogers, Catherine & Roger Alford eds. (2009). The Future of Investment Arbitration. Oxford, OUP.

Rogers, Catherine (2010). ‘International Arbitration’s Public Realm’ in Contemporary Issues in International Arbitration and Mediation: The Fordham Papers (Arthur Rovine ed).

Ryan, Christopher (2008). Meeting Expectations: Assessing the Long-Term Legitimacy and Stability of International Investment Law. University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Economic Law. Vol. 29, p. 725.

Salacuse, Jeswald (2010). The Emerging Global Regime for Investment. Harvard International Law Journal. Vol. 51, p. 428.

Sarkar, Rumu (2011). Critical Essay – A ‘Re-Visioned' Foreign Direct Investment Approach From an Emerging Country Perspective: Moving From a Vicious Circle to a Virtuous Cycle. 17 ILSA J. Int'l & Comp. L. 379.

Sauvant, Karl & Federico Ortino (2013). The Need for an International Investment Consensus-Building Process. No. 101 Columbia FDI Perspectives.

Sauvant, Karl, Lisa Sachs & Wouter Schmit Jongbloed eds (2012). Sovereign Investment: Concerns and Policy Reactions. Oxford University Press.

Schill, Stephan & Marc Jacob (2013). Common Structures of Investment Law in an Age of Increasingly Complex Treaty-Making. Columbia FDI Perspectives, No. 94.

Schill, Stephan (2009). The Multilateralization of International Investment Law. Cambridge, CUP.

Schill, Stephan (2011). System-Building in Investment Treaty Arbitration and Lawmaking. German Law Journal. Vol. 12, p. 1083.

Schill, Stephan (2012). Enhancing International Investment Law's Legitimacy: Conceptual and Methodological Foundations of a New Public Law Approach. 52 Va. J. Int'l L. 57.

Schneiderman, David (2008). Constitutionalizing Economic Globalization: Investment Rules and Democracy’s Promise. Cambridge, CUP.

Schneiderman, David (2011). Legitimacy and Reflexivity in International Investment Arbitration: A New Self-Restraint? Oñati Socio-Legal Series. Vol. 1, No. 4.

Schneiderman, David (2013). Resisting Economic Globalization: Critical Theory and International Investment Law. Palgrave Macmillan.

Schultz, Thomas (2014). ‘Against Consistency in Investment Arbitration’ in The Foundations of International Investment Law: Bringing Theory into Practice (Zachary Douglas, Joost Pauwelyn and Jorge E. Viñuales eds).

Schultz, Thomas (2014). ‘The Function of Investment Arbitration’ in The Foundations of International Investment Law: Bringing Theory into Practice (Zachary Douglas, Joost Pauwelyn and Jorge E. Viñuales eds).


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Schwebel, Stephen (2009). The Overwhelming Merits of Bilateral Investment Treaties. 32 Suffolk Transnat'l L. Rev. 263-269.

Singh, Sachet & Sooraj Sharma (2013). Investor-State Dispute Settlement Mechanism: The Quest for a Workable Roadmap. 29 Merkourios-Utrecht J. Int'l & Eur. L. 88.

Sornarajah, M. (2006). A Law for Need or a Law for Greed? Restoring the Lost Law in the International Law of Foreign Investment. International Environmental Agreements. Vol. 6, p. 329.

Sornarajah, M. (2011). ‘Evolution or Revolution in International Investment Arbitration? The Descent into Normlessness’ in Evolution in Investment Treaty Law and Arbitration (Chester Brown & Kate Miles eds).

Sourgens, Frederic (2013). Keep the Faith: Investment Protection Following the Denunciation of International Investment Agreements. 11 Santa Clara Journal of International Law 335.

Spears, Suzanne (2010). The Quest for Policy Space in a New Generation of International Investment Agreements. 13:4 J. Int’l Economic L. 1037.

Supnik, Kate (2009). Making Amends: Amending the ICSID Convention to Reconcile Competing Interests in International Investment Law. Duke Law Journal. Vol. 59, p. 343.

Toral, Mehmet & Thomas Schultz (2011). ‘The State, a Perpetual Respondent in Investment Arbitration? Some Unorthodox Considerations’ in The Backlash Against Investment Arbitration (Michael Waibel, et al. eds.)

Trakman, Leon (2012). The ICSID Under Siege. Cornell International Law Journal. Vol. 45, p. 603.

Tuck, Andrew (2007). Investor-State Arbitration Revised: A Critical Analysis of the Revisions and Proposed Reforms to the ICSID and UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules. 13 Law & Bus. Rev. Am. 885.

Van Harten, Gus (2007). Investment Treaty Arbitration and Public Law. Oxford, OUP.

Van Harten, Gus (2010). Five Justifications for Investment Treaties: A Critical Discussion. 2:1 Trade, Law & Development.

Van Harten, Gus (2010). Investment Rules and the Denial of Change, Osgoode CLPE Research Paper No. 14/2010.

Van Harten, Gus (2012). The (Lack of) Women Arbitrators in Investment Treaty Arbitration, FDI Perspectives.

Van Harten, Gus (2007). The Public-Private Distinction in the International Arbitration of Individual Claims against the State. 56 Int'l & Comp. L.Q. 371.

Waibel, Michael (2011). Two Decades Lost: Reinvigorating the Weak Cousin of WTO Law. 3 Selected Papers from ESIL Proceedings.

Wick, Diana Marie (2012). Counter-Productivity of ICSID Denunciation and Proposals for Change. 11 J. Int'l Bus. & L. 239.

Wilske, Stephan et al. (2008). International Investment Treaty Arbitration and International Commercial Arbitration: Conceptual Difference or Only a Status Thing. 1 Contemp. Asia Arb. J. 213.


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Wouters, Jan et al. (2009). The Long and Winding Road of International Investment Agreements: Toward a Coherent Framework for Reconciling the Interests of Developed and Developing Countries. Human Rights & International Legal Discourse. Vol. 3, p. 263.

Wouters, Jan, Sanderijn Duquet & Nicolas Hachez (2012). International Investment Law: The Perpetual Search for Consensus’ in Foreign Direct Investment and Human Development (Olivier De Schutter, Johan Swinnen & Jan Wouters eds).

Yackee, J. (2006). Are BITs Such a Bright Idea: Exploring the Ideational Basis of Investment Treaty Enthusiasm. 12 U. C. Davis J. Int'l L. & Pol'y 195.

Yackee, J. (2008). Do We Really Need BITs? Toward a Return to Contract in International Investment Law. Asian Journal of WTO & International Health Law & Policy. Vol. 3, p. 121.

Yackee, J. (2009). Pacta Sunt Servanda and State Promises to Foreign Investors Before Bilateral Investment Treaties: Myth and Reality, 32 Fordham Int'l L.J. 1550-1613.

Yackee, J. (2009). Toward a Minimalist System of International Investment Law? Suffolk Transnational Law Review. Vol. 32, p. 303.

5. Initiation of Investment Arbitration Disputes

a. Standing

Bechky, Perry (2012). Microinvestment Disputes. 45 Vand. J. Transnat'l L. 1043.

Bermann, George (2012). The Gateway Problem in International Commercial Arbitration. 37 Yale J. Int'l L. 1 .

Caplan, Lee (2009). ‘Making Investor‐State Arbitration More Accessible to Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises’ in The Future of Investment Arbitration (Catherine Rogers & Roger Alford eds).

Deutsch, Richard (2011). An ICSID Tribunal Denies Jurisdiction for Failure to Satisfy BIT’s ‘Cooling-Off’ Period: Further Evidence of a Sea Change in Investor-State Arbitration or a Meaningless Ripple? 33 Hous. J. Int'l L. 589.

Dumberry, Patrick (2010). The Legal Standing of Shareholders before Arbitral Tribunals: Has any Rule of Customary International Law Crystallised? Michigan State Journal of International Law. Vol. 18, p. 353.

Feldman, Mark (2012). ‘The Standing of State-Owned Entities Under Investment Treaties’ in Yearbook on International Investment Law & Policy (Karl Sauvant ed).

Marian, Cornel (2012). Who is Afraid of Nottebohm?: Reconciling the ICSID Nationality Requirement for Natural Persons with Nottebohm’s ‘Effective Nationality’ Test. Journal of International Arbitration 28(4).

Martinez-Fraga, Pedro & Jack Smara Harout (2012). The Role of Precedent in Defining Res Judicata in Investor-State Arbitration. 32 Nw. J. Int'l L. & Bus. 419.

Miles, Cameron (2012). Corruption, Jurisdiction and Admissibility in International Investment Claims. J. Int. Disp. Settlement

Moloo, Rahim & Alex Khachaturian (2011). The Compliance With the Law Requirement in International Investment Law. 34 Fordham Int'l L.J. 1473.


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Monebhurrun, Nitish (2012). The Political Use of the Economic Development Criterion in Defining Investments in International Investment Arbitration. 29 J. Int. Arb. 5.

Mortenson, Julian (2010). The Meaning of ‘Investment:’ ICSID's Travaux and the Domain of International Investment Law. Harvard International Law Journal Vol. 51, p. 257.

Nelson, Timothy (2009). Passport, S'il Vous Plait?: Investment Treaty Protection and Individual Investor's Citizenship. 32 Suffolk Transnat'l L. Rev. 451-474 (2009).

Newcombe, Andrew (2011). ‘Investor Misconduct: Jurisdiction, Admissibility, or Merits?’ in Evolution in Investment Treaty Law and Arbitration (Chester Brown & Kate Miles eds).

Polasek, Martina (2011). The Threshold for Registration of a Request for Arbitration under the ICSID Convention. 5:2 Disp. Resol. Int'l 177.

Puig, Sergio & Chester Brown (2012). The Secretary-General's Power to Refuse to Register a Request for Arbitration Under the ICSID Convention. ICSID Rev. L. J.

Suescun de Roa, Felipe (2013). Investor-State Arbitration in Sovereign Debt Restructuring: The Role of Holdouts. Vol. 30, No. 2 Journal of International Arbitration 131.

b. Consolidation & Coordination

D’Agostino, Joseph (2012). Rescuing International Investment Arbitration: Introducing Derivative Actions, Class Actions, and Compulsory Joinder. 98 Va. L. Rev. 177.

Hanotiau, Bernard (2008). Complex Arbitrations: Multiparty, Multicontract, Multi-Issue and Class Actions. Kluwer.

Hansen, Robin (2010). Parallel Proceedings in Investor-State Treaty Arbitration: Responses for Treaty-Drafters, Arbitrators and Parties. 73:4 Mod. L. Rev. 523.

Kaufmann-Kohler, Gabrielle et al. (2006). Consolidation of Proceedings in Investment Arbitration: How can Multiple Proceedings Arising from the Same or Related Situations be Handled Efficiently? ICSID Review Foreign Investment Law Journal, Volume 21, Number 1.

OECD (2006). ‘Consolidation of Claims: A Promising Avenue for Investment Arbitration’ in International Investment Perspectives.

Shookman, Jamie (2010). Too Many Forums for Investment Disputes: ICSID Illustrations of Parallel Proceedings and Analysis. 27 J. Int'l Arb. 361.

Strong, S. I. (2012). Collective Arbitration in ICSID Disputes: Abaclat (Formerly Beccara) v Argentine Republic. 17:1 IBA Arb. News 84.

Strong, S.I. (2012). Mass Procedures in Abaclat v. Argentine Republic: Are They Consistent with the International Investment Regime? 3 Yearbook on International Arbitration.

Waibel, Michael (2014). ‘Coordinating Adjudication Processes’ in The Foundations of International Investment Law: Bridging Theory into Practice (Zachary Douglas, Joost Pauwelyn and Jorge E. Viñuales eds).

Wehland, Hanno (2013). The Coordination of Multiple Proceedings in Investment Treaty Arbitration. OUP.


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Wilske, Stephan (2012). Collective Action in Investment Arbitration to Enforce Small Claims: Justice to the Deprived or Death Knell for the System of Investor-State Arbitration? Contemporary Asia Arbitration Journal. Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 165-203

Wu, Elizabeth (2010). Addressing Multiplicity of Shareholder Claims in ICSID Arbitrations under Bilateral Investment Treaties: A ‘Tiered Approach’ to Prioritising Claims? 6:2 Asian Int’l Arbitration J. 134.

c. Treaty Shopping

Blyschak, Paul (2011). Yukos Universal v. Russia: Shell Companies and Treaty Shopping in International Energy Disputes. 10 Rich. J. Global L. & Bus. 179.

Kirtley, William (2009). The Transfer of Treaty Claims and Treaty-Shopping in Investor-State Disputes Analysis. 10(3) Journal of World Investment and Trade.

Pauwelyn, Joost & Luiz Eduardo Salles (2009). Forum Shopping before International Tribunals: (Real) Concerns, (Im)Possible Solutions. 42 Cornell Int'l L.J. 77.

Zhang, Xiao-Jing (2013). Proper Interpretation of Corporate Nationality under International Investment Law to Prevent Treaty Shopping. Vol. 6, No. 1 Contemporary Asia Arbitration Journal 49.

d. Alternatives

Coe, Jack (2006). Toward a Complementary Use of Conciliation in Investor-State Disputes: A Preliminary Sketch. 12 U. C. Davis J. Int'l L. & Pol'y 7.

Collins, David (2012). Alternative Dispute Resolution for Stakeholders in International Investment Law. Journal of International Economic Law 15: 673-700.

Franck, Susan & Anna Joubin-Bret eds.(2011). Investor-State Disputes: Prevention and Alternatives to Arbitration, UNCTAD.

Hachez, Nicolas & Jan Wouters (2012). International Investment Dispute Settlement in the 21st Century: Does the Preservation of the Public Interest Require an Alternative to the Arbitral Model? Leuven Centre for Global Governance Studies Working Paper No. 81.

IBA (2012). Rules for Investor-State Mediation.

Salacuse, Jeswald (2007). Is There a Better Way? Alternative Methods of Treaty-Based, Investor-State Dispute Resolution. Fordham International Law Journal. Vol. 31, p. 138.

Welsh, Nancy & Andrea Schneider (2013). The Thoughtful Integration of Mediation into Bilateral Investment Treaty Arbitration. 18 Harvard Negotiation Law Review 71

Welsh, Nancy (2012). Becoming Investor-State Mediation. Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs, Vol. 1, No. 1.

e. Generally

De Brabandere, Eric & Julia Veronika Lepeltak (2012). Third Party Funding in International Investment Arbitration. Grotius Centre Working Paper No. 2012/1.


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Foster, George (2011). Striking a Balance Between Investor Protections and National Sovereignty: The Relevance of Local Remedies in Investment Treaty Arbitration. Columbia Journal of Transnational Law. Vol. 49, p. 201.

Gottwald, Eric (2007). Leveling the Playing Field: Is it Time for a Legal Assistance Center for Developing Nations Investment Treaty Arbitration? 22 Am. U. Int’l L. Rev. 237.

McLachlan, Campbell (2009). Lis Pendens in International Litigation. Martinus Nijhoff, Leiden.

Pinsolle, Philippe (2012). ‘Note on Third-Party Funding and Nationality Issues’ in Investment Arbitration Yearbook on International Investment Law & Policy (Karl Sauvant ed).

6. Procedural Issues Relating to Investment Arbitration

a. Public Interest & Transparency

Asteriti, Alessandra & Christian Tams (2010). ‘Transparency and Representation of the Public Interest in Investment Treaty Arbitration’ in International Investment Law and Comparative Public Law (Stephen Schill ed).

Bastin, Lucas (2012). Amicus Curiae in Investor-State Arbitration. 1 Cambridge J. Int'l & Comp. L. 208.

Belohlavek, Alexander (2011). Confidentiality and Publicity in Investment Arbitration, Public Interest and Scope of Powers Vested in Arbitral Tribunals, 2 Czech Y.B. Int'l L. 23.

Bianchi, Andrea & Anne Peters eds (2013). Transparency in International Law. CUP.

Bjorklund, Andrea (2010). The Promise and Peril of Arbitral Precedent: The Case of Amici Curiae, ASA Bulletin Special Series No. 34.

Bjorklund, Andrea (2011). ‘The Participation of Sub-National Government Units as Amici Curiae in International Investment Disputes’ in Evolution in Investment Treaty Law and Arbitration (Chester Brown & Kate Miles eds).

Brekoulakis, Stavros (2011). Third Parties in International Commercial Arbitration. OUP.

De Brabandere, Eric (2011). NGOs and the Public Interest: The Legality and Rationale of Amicus Curiae Interventions in International Economic and Investment Disputes. 12 Chi. J. Int'l L. 85.

Egonu, Mabel (2007). Investor-State Arbitration under ICSID: A Case for Presumption against Confidentiality. 24 J. Int'l Arb. 479.

Gomez, Katia (2012). Rethinking the Role of Amicus Curiae in International Investment Arbitration: How to Draw the Line Favorably for the Public Interest. 35 Fordham Int'l L. J. 510.

Henckels, Caroline (2013). Balancing Investment Protection and the Public Interest: The Role of the Standard of Review and the Importance of Deference in Investor–State Arbitration. Journal of International Dispute Settlement. Vol. 4, p. 197.

Ishikawa, Tomoko (2010). Third Party Participation in Investment Treaty Arbitration. International & Comparative Law Quarterly. Vol. 59, p. 373.

Karton, Joshua (2012). A Conflict of Interests: Seeking a Way Forward on Publication of International Arbitral Awards. 28 Arbitration Int'l.


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Knahr, Christina (2011). ‘The New Rules on Participation of Non-Disputing Parties in ICSID Arbitration: Blessing or Curse?’ in Evolution in Investment Treaty Law and Arbitration (Chester Brown & Kate Miles eds).

Kownacki, Nicolle (2010). Prospects for ICSID Arbitration in Post-Denunciation Countries: An Updated Approach. 15 UCLA J. Int'l L. & Foreign Aff. 529-560.

Kulick, Andreas (2012). Global Public Interest in International Investment Law. CUP.

Lazo, Rodrigo (2010). International Arbitration in Times of Change: Fairness and Transparency in Investor-State Disputes. 104 Am. Soc'y Int'l L. Proc. 591.

Lee, Julie (2013). UNCITRAL’s Unclear Transparency Instrument: Fashioning the Form and Application of a Legal Standard Ensuring Greater Disclosure in Investor-State Arbitrations. 33 Nw. J. Int'l L. & Bus. 439 (2013).

Levine, Eugenia (2011). Amicus Curiae in International Investment Arbitration: The Implications of an Increase in Third-Party Participation. Berkeley Journal of International Law. Vol. 29, p. 200.

Lew, Julian (2011). ‘The Arbitrator and Confidentiality’ in Is Arbitration Only As Good as the Arbitrator? Status, Powers and Role of the Arbitrator (Y. Derains & L. Levy eds).

Marian, Cornel (2010). Balancing Transparency: The Value of Administrative Law and Mathews-Balancing to Investment Treaty Arbitrations. 10 Pepp. Disp. Resol. L.J. 275.

Maupin, Julie (2012). ‘Transparency in International Investment Law: The Good, the Bad, and the Murky’ in Transparency in International Law (Andrea Bianchi & Anne Peters eds).

Maxwell, Iian (2007). Transparency in Investment Arbitration: Are Amici Curiae the Solution? Asian International Arbitration Journal. Vol. 3, p. 176.

Nakagawa, Junji ed. (2012). Transparency in International Trade and Investment Dispute Settlement. Routledge.

OECD (2005). ‘Transparency and Third Party Participation in Investor-state Dispute Settlement Procedures’ in International Investment Law: A Changing Landscape.

Olaya, Juanita (2010). Good Governance and International Investment Law: The Challenges of Lack of Transparency and Corruption. Society of International Economic Law (SIEL), Second Biennial Global Conference, University of Barcelona.

Ortino, Federico (2009). ‘The Impact of Amicus Curiae Briefs in the Settlement of Trade and Investment Disputes: An Analysis of the Shrimp-Turtle and Methanex Decisions’ in Economic Law as an Economic Good (Karl Meessen ed).

Park, William (2005). Emerging Dilemmas in International Economic Arbitration – Private Disputes and the Public Good: Explaining Arbitration Law. American University International Law Review. Vol. 20, p. 903.

Rueben, Richard C.(2006). Confidentiality in Arbitration: Beyond the Myth, 54 Kan. L. Rev. 1255.

Vanduzer, Anthony (2007). Enhancing the Procedural Legitimacy of Investor-State Arbitration Through Transparency and Amicus Curiae Participation. McGill Law Review, Vol. 52, No. 4, 2007


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Wieland, Patrick (2011). Why the Amicus Curia Institution is Ill-Suited to Address Indigenous Peoples’ Rights before Investor-State Arbitration Tribunals: Glamis Gold and the Right of Intervention. 3 Trade L. & Dev. 334.

Yackee, J. & J. Wong (2010). ‘The 2006 Procedural and Transparency-Related Amendments to the ICSID Arbitration Rules: Model Intentions, Moderate Proposals, and Modest Returns’ in the Yearbook on International Investment Law & Policy (Karl Sauvant ed).

Zachariasiewicz, Maciej (2012). Amicus Curiae in International Investment Arbitration: Can It Enhance the Transparency of Investment Dispute Resolution? 29:2 J. Int'l Arbitration 205.

b. Arbitrators & Challenges

Bockstiegel, Karl-Heinz (2003). ‘The Role of the Arbitrator in Investment Treaty Arbitration’ in International Commercial Arbitration: Important Contemporary Questions (Albert Jan van den Berg ed).

Bottini, Gabriel (2009). Should Arbitrators Live on Mars? Challenge of Arbitrators in Investment Arbitration. 32 Suffolk Transnat'l L. Rev. 341-366.

Brower, Charles & Charles Rosenberg (2013). The Death of the Two-Headed Nightingale: Why the Paulsson-Van Den Berg Presumption that Party-Appointed Arbitrators are Untrustworthy is Wrongheaded. Arbitration International. Vol. 29, p.7.

Brower, Charles (2009). ‘Present Expectations and Realities: Comments from the Perspective of an Arbitrator’ in 50 Years of the New York Convention: ICCA International Arbitration Conference (Albert Jan van den Berg ed).

Brower, Charles (2010). The Ethics of Arbitration: Perspective from a Practicing International Arbitrator. 5 Publicist 1.

Daele, Karel (2011). Challenge and Disqualification of Arbitrators in International Arbitration. Kluwer Law International.

Derains, Yves & Laurent Levy eds (2011). Is Arbitration Only As Good as the Arbitrator? Status, Powers and Role of the Arbitrator. ICC Institute of World Business Law.

Dimolitsa, Antonias (2011). ‘The Arbitrator and The Litigants (Some Exceptional Clashes)’ in Is Arbitration Only As Good as the Arbitrator? Status, Powers and Role of the Arbitrator (Yves Derains & Laurent Levy eds).

El-Kosheri, Ahmed & Karim Youssef (2007). ‘The Independence of International Arbitrators: An Arbitrator’s Perspective’ in Independence of Arbitrators (ICC Bulletin Special Supplement).

Escher, Alfred & Hector Anaya (2010). Disqualification of a Member of the Arbitral Tribunal, ‘Independence and Impartiality’: The Current Trend in ICSID Arbitration Proceedings. 15 No. 2 IBA Arb. News 99.

Franck, Susan (2005). The Role of International Arbitrators. 12 ILSA J. Int'l & Comp. L. 499.

Kaufmann-Kohler, Gabrielle (2005). The Arbitrator and the Law: Does He/She Know It - Apply It - How - And a Few More Questions. 21 Arb. Int'l 631.

Kuo, Houchi (2011). The Issue of Repeat Arbitrators: Is it a Problem and How Should the Arbitration Institutions Respond? 4:2 Contemporary Asia Arbitration J. 247.


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Lucy Reed (2012). Arbitral Decision-Making: Art, Science or Sport? Kaplan Lecture 2012, Hong Kong.

Luttrell, Sam (2011). ‘Bias Challenges in Investor-State Arbitration: Lessons from International Commercial Arbitration’ in Evolution in Investment Treaty Law and Arbitration (Chester Brown & Kate Miles eds).

Ma, Winnie Jo-Mei (2012). Procedures for Challenging Arbitrators: Lessons for and from Taiwan. 5 Contemp. Asia Arb. J. 293.

Malintoppi, Loretta (2008). Remarks on Arbitrators' Independence, Impartiality and Duty to Disclose in Investment Arbitration. 7:3 The Law and Practice of International Courts and Tribunals.

Marian, Cornel (2013). Who Guards the Guardians? Contracting States and Available Safeguards for Ensuring Arbitrators’ Impartiality and Absence of Bias in the ICSID Convention Compared to the Framework in the New York Convention. Vol. 28 Romanian Journal of Arbitration.

Moses, Margaret (2012). Reasoned Decisions in Arbitrator Challenges. International Yearbook of Arbitration.

Mourre, Alexis (2011). ‘Sed Quis Custodiet Ipsos Custodes? On Jurisdiction Upon Arbitrators’ in Is Arbitration Only as Good as the Arbitrator? Status, Powers and Role of the Arbitrator (Yves Derains & Laurent Levy eds).

Park, William (2009). Arbitrator Integrity: The Transient and the Permanent. 46 San Diego Law Review, No.3.

Park, William (2010). Arbitrators and Accuracy. 1(1) Journal of International Dispute Settlement 25 (2010)

Park, William (2011). ‘The Four Musketeers of Arbitral Duty: Neither One-for-all Nor All-for-One’ in Is Arbitration Only As Good as the Arbitrator? Status, Powers and Role of the Arbitrator (Yves Derains & Laurent Levy eds).

Peters, Philipp (2011). Presiding Arbitrator, Deciding Arbitrator: Decision-Making. Austrian Yearbook on International Arbitration 129-160.

Redfern, Alan (2004). The 2003 Freshfields Lecture – Dissenting Opinions in International Commercial Arbitration: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly. Arbitration International. Vol. 20, p. 223.

Rees, Peter & Patrick Rohn (2009). Dissenting Opinions: Can They Fulfil a Beneficial Role. 25 Arb. Int'l 329.

Reisman, Michael (2011). Soft Law and Law Jobs. Journal of Dispute Settlement. Vol. 1, p. 25.

Rogers, Catherine (2002). Fit and Function in Legal Ethics: Developing A Code of Conduct for International Arbitration, 23 Mich. J. Int’l L. 341.

Rogers, Catherine (2005). Regulating International Arbitrators: A Functional Approach to Developing Standards of Conduct, 41 Stan. J. Int’l L. 53.

Rogers, Catherine (2005). The Vocation of the International Arbitrator, 20 Am U. Int’l L. Rev. 957.

Rosenberg, Charles (2010). Challenging Arbitrators in Investment Treaty Arbitrations, 27:5 J. Int’l Arbitration 505.


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Scodro, Michael (2006). Deterrence and Implied Limits on Arbitral Power. 55 Duke L.J. 547.

Titi, Catharine (2013). The Arbitrator as a Lawmaker: Jurisgenerative Processes in Investment Arbitration, Vol. 14, No. 5 Journal of World Investment & Trade 829.

Weidenmaier, Mark (2012). Judging-Lite: How Arbitrators Use and Create Precedent. 90 N.C. L. Rev. 1091.

c. Evidence

Alford, Roger (2012). Ancillary Discovery to Prove Denial of Justice. 53(1) Virginia Journal of International Law.

Camerer, Véronique & Christina Hioureas (2008). Glamis Gold Ltd. v. United States: A Case Study on Document Production and Privilege in International Arbitration. 2(3) WAMR.

Sattar, Sameer (2011). Document Production and the 2010 IBA Rules on the Taking of Evidence in International Arbitration: A Commentary. 14:6 Int'l Arbitration L. Rev. 210.

Schneider, Michael (2013). The Role of Experts in the Adversarial Process and the Arbitrator’s Capacity to Absorb Specialised Knowledge. 31(1) ASA Bulletin 1-3.

Strong, S. I. (2013). Discovery Under 28 U.S.C. §1782: Distinguishing International Commercial Arbitration and International Investment Arbitration. 1 Stanford Journal of Complex Litigation.

Tsatsos, Aristidis (2009). Burden of Proof in Investment Treaty Arbitration: Shifting? Humboldt Forum Recht, No. 6.

Yoon, Byung Chol & Joel Richardson (2008). Discovery in Investment Arbitration involving Republic of Korea. 4(2) Asian International Arbitration Journal 137.

d. Counsel

Branson, David (2009). An ICSID Tribunal Applies Supranational Legal Norms to Banish Counsel from the Proceeding - A Note on Hrvatska Elektropriveda v. Republic of Slovenia. 25:4 Arb. Int’l 615.

Horvath, Günther (2011). ‘Guerrilla Tactics in Arbitration, an Ethical Battle: Is There Need for a Universal Code of Ethics?’ in Austrian Yearbook on International Arbitration (Christian Klausegger et al. eds).

IBA (2013). Guidelines on Party Representation in International Arbitration. IBA.

Kolo, Abba (2010). Witness Intimidation, Tampering and Other Related Abuses of Process in Investment Arbitration: Possible Remedies Available to the Arbitral Tribunal. 26:1 Arb. Int’l 43.

Polkinghorne, Michael & Emilie Gonin (2011). Barristers from the Same Chambers Appearing as Counsel and Arbitrator: Independence Revisited? 5:2 Disp. Resol. Int'l 163.

Sands, Philippe (2011). ‘Conflict and Conflicts in Investment Treaty Arbitration: Ethical Standards for Counsel’ in Evolution in Investment Treaty Law and Arbitration (Chester Brown & Kate Miles eds).


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Tozzi, Nigel (2011). Challenges to Counsel in International Arbitration. 43 B. L. J. 11.

e. Interim Measures

Bismuth, Régis (2009). Anatomy of the Law and Practice of Interim Protective Measures in International Investment Arbitration. 26:6 J. Int’l Arb. 773.

Brown, Chester & Sergio Puig (2011). The Power of ICSID Tribunals to Dismiss Proceedings Summarily: An Analysis of Rule 41(5) of the ICSID Arbitration Rules, 10 L. & Practice of Int'l Courts & Tribunals.

De Brabandere, Eric (2012). ICSID Rule on Early Dismissal of Unmeritorious Investment Treaty Claims: Preserving the Integrity of ICSID Arbitration. 9 Manchester J. Int'l Econ. L. 23.

Matthews, Joe & Karen Stewart (2009). Time to Evaluate the Standards for Issuance of Interim Measures of Protection in International Investment Arbitration. 25:4 Arb. Int’l 529.

Mouawad, Caline & Elizabeth Silbert (2013). A Guide to Interim Measures in Investor-State Arbitration, Vol. 29, No. 3 Arbitration International 381.

Parvanov, Parvan (2011). The Hidden Duality of Summary Disposition of Claims in Investment Arbitration. SSRN.

Sarooshi, Dan (2013). Provisional Measures and Investment Treaty Arbitration. Vol. 29, No. 3 Arbitration International 361.

f. Time & Costs

Bockstiegel, Karl-Heinz (2013). Party Autonomy and Case Management: Experiences and Suggestions of an Arbitrator. 11(1) Schieds 1-5.

Brown, Chester (2013). Commerce Group Corp and San Sebastian Gold Mines, Inc v Republic of El Salvador: Security for Costs in ICSID Proceedings. ICSID Review-Foreign Investment Law Journal Volume 28, Issue 1.

Gotanda, John (2013). Consistently Inconsistent: The Need for Predictability in Awarding Costs and Fees in Investment Treaty Arbitrations. Vol. 28, No. 2 ICSID Review 420.

Greenwood, Lucy (2011). Does Bifurcation Really Promote Efficiency? 28 J. Int'l Arb. 105.

Markert, Lars (2011). Improving Efficiency in Investment Arbitration. 4:2 Contemporary Asia Arbitration J. 215.

O’Reilly, Michael (1995). Orders for Security for Costs: From the Arbitrator’s Perspective. 61(4) Arbitration.

Riesenberg, David (2011). Fee Shifting in Investor-State Arbitration: Doctrine and Policy Justifying Application of the English Rule. 60 Duke L.J. 977

Shaughnessy, Patricia (2006). Promoting Effective Arbitration through Legal Assistance Programmes. 22 Arb. Int'l 315.

Ulmer, Nicolas (2010). The Cost Conundrum. 26:2 Arb. Int’l 221.

Van Den Berg, Albert Jan (2013). Time and Costs: Issues and Initiatives from an Arbitrator’s Perspective. ICSID Review-Foreign Investment Law Journal Volume 28, Issue 1.


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Vasani, Baiju & Anastasiya Ugale (2013). Cost Allocation in Investment Arbitration: Back Toward Diversification, No. 100 Columbia FDI Perspectives.

g. Generally

Baetens, Freya (2013). Procedural Issues Relating to Shared Responsibility in Arbitral Proceedings. 4 Journal for International Dispute Settlement 2.

García, Luis González (2013). Flughafen Zürich AG v Venezuela: A Catch-22 on the Protection of Procedural Fairness. ICSID Review-Foreign Investment Law Journal Volume 28, Issue 1.

Puig, Sergio (2011). ‘The Role of Procedure in the Development of Substantive Law: The Case of Section B of Chapter 11 of NAFTA’ in Evolution in Investment Treaty Law and Arbitration (Chester Brown & Kate Miles eds).

Van Harten, Gus (2010). ‘Investment Treaty Arbitration, Procedural Fairness, and the Rule of Law’ in International Investment Law and Comparative Public Law (Stephan Schill, ed.).

Wälde, Thomas (2010). Procedural Challenges in Investment Arbitration under the Shadow of the Dual Role of the State: Asymmetries and Tribunals' Duty to Ensure, Pro-actively, the Equality of Arms. 26:1 Arb. Int’l 3.

7. Outcomes Relating to Investment Arbitration

a. Appeal & Annulment

Clapham, Jason (2009). Finality of Investor-State Arbitral Awards: Has the Tide Turned and is There a Need for Reform? 26:3 J. Int’l Arb. 43

Collins, David (2013). ICSID Annulment Committee Appointments: Too Much Discretion for the Chairman? Vol. 30, No. 4 Journal of International Arbitration.

Friedland, Paul & Paul Brumpton (2012). Rabid Redux: The Second Wave of Abusive ICSID Annulments. 27 Am. U. Int'l L. Rev. 727.

Gantz, David (2006). An Appellate Mechanism for Review of Arbitral Decisions in Investor-State Disputes: Prospects and Challenges. Vanderbilt J. of Trans Law. Vol. 39, p. 39.

ICSID. (2012). Background Report on Annulment For the Administrative Council of ICSID.

Kim, Dohyun (2011). The Annulment Committee's Role in Multiplying Inconsistency in ICSID Arbitration: The Need to Move Away from an Annulment-Based System. New York University Law Review. Vol. 86, p. 242.

Lin, Tsai-Yu (2012). Systemic Reflections on Argentina's Non-Compliance with ICSID Arbitral Awards: A New Role of the Annulment Committee at Enforcement? Contemporary Asia Arbitration Journal, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp 1-22.

Nilsson, Anders & Oscar Englesson (2013). Inconsistent Awards in Investment Treaty Arbitration: Is an Appeals Court Needed. 30 J. Int'l Arb. 561.

Platt, Rowan (2013). Appeal of Appeal Mechanisms in International Arbitration: Fairness over Finality. 30 J. Int'l Arb. 531.


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Rajput, Aniruddha (2013). AES Summit Generation Limited and AES-Tisza Erömü Kft v Hungary: The Scope of ad hoc Committee Review for Manifest Excess of Powers and Failure to State Reasons. Vol. 28, No. 2 ICSID Review 273.

Sauvant, Karl ed (2008). Appeals Mechanism in International Investment Disputes. OUP.

Schneider, Andrea (2013). Error Correction and Dispute System Design in Investor-State Arbitration. Vol. 5 Yearbook on Arbitration and Mediation 194

Seelig, Marie & Anna Tevini (2010). Revision Proceedings under the ICSID Convention: Suggestions for a Possible Interpretation of the Prerequisites of Article 51 of the ICSID Convention. 26:4 Arbitration International 467.

b. Enforcement

Baetens, Freya (2011). ‘Enforcement of Arbitral Awards: ‘To ICSID or Not to ICSID’ is Not the Question’’ in The Future of ICSID (Todd Weiler & Ian Laird eds).

Burgstaller, Markus & Charles Rosenberg (2011). Challenging International Arbitral Awards: To ICSID or not to ICSID? 27:1 Arbitration International 91.

Doak Bishop ed. (2009). Enforcement of Arbitral Awards Against Sovereigns. Juris.

Friedman, Elliot (2011). Enforcement of International Arbitration Awards in New York: If You Take Them There, You Can Collect from Anywhere. 27:4 Arbitration Int'l 575.

Herbert Kronke, et al. (2010). Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards: A Global Commentary on the New York Convention. Kluwer Law International.

Ku, Julian (2013). The Enforcement of ICSID Awards in the People’s Republic of China. Vol. 6, No. 1 Contemporary Asia Arbitration Journal 31.

Lamm Carolyn & Eckhard Hellbeck (2012). United States: US Court Vacates BG Group's Investment Treaty Award - Argentina v BG Group Plc. 15:2 Int'l Arb. L. Rev. N14.

Marzoti, Osvaldo (2006). Enforcement of Treaty Awards and National Constitutions (The Argentinean Cases), 7Bus. L. Int’l 226.

Nacimiento, Patricia & Alexey Barnashov (2010). Recognition and Enforcement of Arbitral Awards in Russia. 27:3 J. Int’l Arbitration 295.

Onyema, Emilia (2010). Enforcement of Arbitral Awards in Sub-Sahara Africa. 26:1 Arbitration International 115.

Ranjan, Prabhash (2011). The Enigma of Enforceability of Investment Treaty Arbitration Awards in India. 6:1 Asian J. Comparative L.

Shubin, Vasily (2012). The Enforcement of ICSID Arbitral Awards: Practice and Problems. 11-12 Kor. U. L. Rev. 11.

Sinclair, Anthony & David Stranger-Jones (2010). Execution of Judgments or Awards against the Assets of State Entities. 4 No. 1 Disp. Resol. Int'l 95.

Van Aaken, Anne (2014). ‘Control Mechanisms’ in The Foundations of International Investment Law: Bridging Theory into Practice.

Van Den Berg, Albert Jan (2010). Enforcement of Arbitral Awards Annulled in Russia. 27:2 J. Int’l Arbitration 179.


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c. Remedies

Collins, David (2009). Reliance Remedies at the International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes. 29 Nw. J. Int'l L. & Bus. 195-216.

Devaney, Margaret (2012). Leave it to the Valuation Experts?: The Remedies Stage of Investment Treaty Arbitration and the Balancing of Public and Private Interests. SIEL.

Dumberry, Patrick (2010). Compensation for Moral Damages in Investor-State Arbitration Disputes. 27:3 J. Int’l Arb.247.

Dumberry, Patrick (2012). Satisfaction as a Form of Reparation for Moral Damages Suffered by Investors and Respondent States in Investor-State Arbitration Disputes. J. Int'l Disp. Settlement 1.

Dunaud, Patrick & Maria Kostytska (2012). Declaratory Relief in International Arbitration. 29:1 J. Int'l Arbitration 18.

Sabahi, Borzu (2011). Compensation and Restitution in Investor-State Arbitration Principles and Practice. Oxford University Press.

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