Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Bibliography Abreu, A. (2010). The New Economics of Labor Migration: Beware of Neoclassicals Bearing
Gifts. Forum for Social Economics, DOI: https://dx.doi:10.1007/s12143-010-9077-2 Adams, R. M., Hurd, B. H., Lenhart, S., and Leary, N. (1998). Effects of global climate change
on agriculture: An interpretative review. Climate Research, 11, pp.19-30. Adaptation Watch. (2015). Toward Mutual Accountability: The 2015 Adaptation Finance
Transparency Gap Report. Retrieved from www.AdaptationWatch.org on December 25, 2015.
Admassu, G., Getinet, M., Thomas, T. S., Waithaka, M., and Kyotalimye, M. (2013). Ethiopia. Chapter 6 in M. Waithaka, Michael; Nelson, G.C. Nelson; Thomas, T.S. Thomas, and M Kyotalimye (Eds.), East African Agriculture and Climate Change: A Comprehensive Analysis (pp.149-182). Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute.
Afful-Koomson, T. (2015). The Green Climate Fund in Africa: what should be different? Cli-mate and Development, 4, pp.367–379
Ahmed, V., and O’Donoghue, C. (2010). External Shocks in a Small Open Economy: A CGE -Microsimulation Analysis. The Lahore Journal of Economics, 15(1), pp.45-90.
Alagidede, P., Adu, G., and Frimpong, P. B. (2016). The Effect of Climate Change on Eco-nomic Growth: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa. Environmental Economics and Pol-icy Studies, 18, pp.417-436.
Alene, A. D., and Coulibaly, O. (2009). The impact of agricultural research on productivity and poverty in sub-Saharan Africa. Food Policy, 34, pp.198–209.
Ali, N. S. (2012). Climate Change and Economic Growth in a Rain-fed Economy: How Much Does Rainfall Variability Cost Ethiopia? Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2018233
Alston, J. M., and Pardey, P. G. (2013). Agricultural R & D and Food Security of the Poor. Economic Papers, 32(3), pp.289–297.
Andre´, F. J., Cardente, M. A., and Romero, C. (2010). Economic Policy Using Applied General Equilibrium Models: An Overview. Chapter 2 in F. J. Andre´, M. A. Cardente, and C. Romero, Designing Public Policies: An Approach Based on a Multi-Criteria Analysis and Computable General Equilibrium Modeling (pp. 9-31). Heidelberg: Springer.
Annual Agricultural Sample Survey (AgSS). (2006). Volumes I-V. Central Statistics Agency. Retrieved from www.csa.gov.et. Accessed on 15 November, 2015.
Annual Agricultural Sample Survey (AgSS). (2014). Volumes I-V. Central Statistics Agency. Retrieved from www.csa.gov.et. Accessed on 15 November, 2015.
Annual Agricultural Sample Survey (AgSS). (2015). Volumes I-V. Central Statistics Agency. Retrieved from www.csa.gov.et. Accessed on 15 November, 2015.
Antle, J. M., and Capalbo, S. M. (2010). Adaptation of Agricultural and Food Systems to Cli-mate Change: An Economic and Policy. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 32(3), pp.386–416.
Arndt, C., Robinson, S., and Willenbockel, D. (2011). Ethiopia’s growth prospects in a chang-ing climate: A stochastic general equilibrium approach. Global Environmental Change, 21, pp.701-710.
Auriol, E., and Warlters, M. (2012). The marginal cost of public funds and tax reform in Africa. Journal of Development Economics, 97, pp.58-72.
© Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, part of Springer Nature 2020A. W. Yalew, Economic Development under Climate Change,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-29413-7
114 Bibliography Awulachew, S. B. (2010). Irrigation potential in Ethiopia: Constraints and opportunities for
enhancing the system. Retrieved from https://agriknowledge.org/downloads/j38606956 Accessed on 20 January, 2016.
Bailey, S. J. (2002). Public Sector Economics: Theory, Policy and Practice (2nd Ed.). New York: Palgrave.
Balistreri, E. J., McDaniel, C. A., and Wong, E. V. (2003). An estimation of US industry-level capital–labor substitution elasticities: support for Cobb–Douglas. North American Jour-nal of Economics and Finance, 14, pp.343–356.
Bandara, J. S. (1991). Computable General Equilibrium Models for Development Policy Anal-ysis in LDCs. Journal of Economic Surveys, 5(1), pp.3-69.
Benassy-Quere, A., Coeure, B., Jacquet, P., and Pisani-Ferry, J. (2010). Economic Policy: The-ory and Practice. Oxford University Press.
Benin, S., Mogues, T., Cudjoe, G., and Randriamamonjy, J. (2009). Public Expenditures and Agricultural Productivity Growth in Ghana. Retrieved from http://agecon-search.umn.edu/handle/51634. Accessed on 20 January, 2016.
Benin, S., Pratt, A. N., Wood, S., and Guo, Z. (2011). Trends and Spatial Patterns in Agricul-tural Productivity in Africa, 1961–2010. International Food Policy Research Institute.
Benson, T., Engida, E., and Thurlow, J. (2014). The Economy-wide Effects of Teff, Wheat, and Maize Production Increases in Ethiopia: Results of Economy-wide Modeling. IFPRI Discussion Paper No. 01366. International Food Policy Research Institute.
Berhanu, W., and Beyene, F. (2015). Climate Variability and Household Adaptation Strategies in Southern Ethiopia. Sustainability, 7, pp.6353-6375.
Bezabih, M., Chambwera, M., and Stage, J. (2011). Climate change and total factor productivity in the Tanzanian economy. Climate Policy, 11 (6), pp.1289-1302.
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF). (2010). Accelerating Ethiopian Agriculture De-velopment for Growth, Food Security, and Equity. Retrieved from https://agriknowledge.org/downloads/h989r326r. Accessed on 20 January, 2016.
Bird, N., Tilley, H., Trujillo, N. C., Tumushabe, G., Welham, B., and Yanda, P. (2013). Meas-uring the effectiveness of public climate finance delivery at the national level. Overseas Development Institute.
Block, P. J., Strzepek, K., Rosegrant, M., and Diao, X. (2008). Impacts of Considering Climate Variability on Investment Decisions in Ethiopia. IFPRI Research Brief 15-12. Interna-tional Food Policy Research Institute.
Blonigen, B.A., Joseph E. F., and Kenneth, A. R. (1997). Sector-Focused General Equilibrium Modeling. Chapter 7 in J.F. Francois and K.A. Reinert (Eds.), Applied Methods for Trade Policy Analysis (pp. 189-230). Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
Bondeau, A., Smith, P. C., Zaehle, S., Schaphoff, S., Lucht, W., Cramer, W., . . . Benjamin, S. (2007). Modelling the role of agriculture for the 20th century global terrestrial carbon balance. Global Change Biology, 13, pp.679–706.
Bosello, F., Campagnolo, L., and Eboli, F. (2013). Climate Change and Adaptation: The Case of Nigerian Agriculture. Nota Di Lavoro (35). Milan: Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei.
Brookshire, E., and Weaver, T. (2015). Long-term decline in grassland productivity driven by increasing dryness. Nature Communications, 6 (7148).
Brown, O. (2008). Migration and Climate Change. IOM Migration Research Series, No.31. International Organization for Migration.
Bryan, E., Deressa, T. T., Gbetibouo, G. A., and Ringler, C. (2009). Adaptation to climate change in Ethiopia and South Africa: options and constraints. Environmental Science and Policy, 12, pp.413-426.
Bibliography 115
Buchner, B. K., Trabacchi, C., Mazza, F., Abramskiehn, D., and Wang, D. (2015). Global Landscape of Climate Finance 2015. Retrieved from www.climatepolicyinitiative.org. Accessed on June 2016.
Burfisher, M. F. (2011). Introduction to Computable General Equilibrium Models. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Burnham, M., and Ma, Z. (2015). Linking smallholder farmer climate change adaptation deci-sions to development. Climate and Development, 8(4): pp.289-311.
Cardenete, M. A., Guerra, A.-I., and Sancho, F. (2012). Applied General Equilibrium: An In-troduction. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
Central Statistics Agency (CSA). (2011). Report on Annual Average Retail Prices of Goods and Services. Retrieved from www.csa.gov.et. Accessed on 14 December, 2015.
Central Statistics Agency (CSA). (2013). Population Projections of Ethiopia for all Regions at Wereda Level from 2014–2017. Retrieved from www.csa.gov.et. Accessed on 14 De-cember, 2015.
Central Statistics Agency (CSA). (2015). Agricultural Sample Survey Time Series Data for Na-tional and Regional Level: From 1995/96–2014/15: Report on Crop Area and Produc-tion. Retrieved from www.csa.gov.et. Accessed on 20 April, 2016.
Chand, R., Kumar, P., and Kumar, S. (2012). Total Factor Productivity and Returns to Public Investment on Agricultural Research in India. Agricultural Economics Research Re-view, 25(2), pp.181-194.
Chen, W., and Ding, Y. (2007). Total Factor Productivity in Chinese agriculture: The role of infrastructure. Frontiers of Economics in China, 2 (2), pp. 212–223.
Cheung, W. H., Senay, G. B., and Singh, A. (2008). Trends and spatial distribution of annual and seasonal rainfall in Ethiopia. International Journal of Climatology, DOI: http://dx.doi:10.1002/joc.1623
Climate Funds Update (CFU). (2016). The Latest Information on Climate Funds. Retrieved on from http://www.climatefundsupdate.org/. Accessed on January 18, 2016.
Cline, W. R. (2007). Global Warming and Agriculture: Impact Estimates by Country. Wash-ington, D.C: Center for Global Development.
Conway, D., and Schipper, E. F. (2011). Adaptation to climate change in Africa: Challenges and opportunities identified from Ethiopia. Global Environmental Change, 21, pp.227-237.
Craig, B. J., Pardey, P. G., and Roseboom, J. (1997). International Productivity Patterns: Ac-counting for Input Quality, Infrastructure, and Research. American Journal of Agricul-tural Economics, 79(4), pp.1064-1076.
CSA-EDRI-IFPRI. (2006). Atlas of the Ethiopian Rural Economy. Addis Ababa: Central Sta-tistics Agency.
CSA-FAO. (2014). Food and Agriculture Data Network: Ethiopia. Retrieved from http://www.countrystat.org/home.aspx?c=ETH. Accessed on March 11, 2016.
De Boer, P., and Missaglia, M. (2006). Estimation of income elasticities and their use in a CGE model for Palestine. Econometric Institute Report, No. 12. Retrieved from http://re-pub.eur.nl/pub/7753. Accessed on 20 July, 2015.
De Brauw, A. (2014). Migration, Youth, and Agricultural Productivity in Ethiopia. Retrieved from http://ageconsearch.umn.edu//handle/189684. Accessed on 24 September 2016
De Haas, H. (2010). Migration and Development: A Theoretical Perspective. International Mi-gration Review, 44(1), pp.227–264.
116 Bibliography Dell, M., Jones, B. F., and Olken, B. A. (2012). Temperature Shocks and Economic Growth:
Evidence from the Last Half Century. American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 4(3), pp.66-95.
Dercon, S. (2004). Growth and shocks: evidence from rural Ethiopia. Journal of Development Economics, 74, pp.309–329.
Dercon, S., and Christiaensen, L. (2011). Consumption risk, technology adoption and poverty traps: Evidence from Ethiopia. Journal of Development Economics, 96, pp.159-173.
Dercon, S., Gilligan, D. O., Hoddinott, J., and Woldehanna, T. (2007). The impact of roads and agricultural extension on consumption growth and poverty in fifteen Ethiopian villages. CSAE Working Paper No. 01. University of Oxford.
Deressa, T. T., and Hassan, R. M. (2009). Economic Impact of Climate Change on Crop Pro-duction in Ethiopia: Evidence from Cross-section Measures. Journal of African Econo-mies, 18(4), pp. 529–554.
Dervis, K., de Melo, J., and Robinson, S. (1982). General Equilibrium Models for Development Policy. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.
Dewatripont, M., and Michel, G. (1987). On Closure Rules, Homogeneity and Dynamics in Applied General Equilibrium Models. Journal of Development Economics, 26, pp. 65-76.
Diao, X., Nwafor, M., Alpuerto, V., Akramov, K., and Salau, S. (2010). Agricultural Growth and Investment Options for Poverty Reduction in Nigeria. IFPRI Discussion Paper No. 00954. International Food Policy Research Institute.
Diao, X., Taffesse, A. S., Dorosh, P., Thurlow, J., Pratt, A. N., and Yu, B. (2012). Ethiopia. Chapter 5 in X. Diao, J. Thurlow, S. Benin, and S. Fan (Eds.), Strategies and Priorities for African Agriculture: Economy-wide Perspectives from Country Studies (pp.107-139). Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute.
Dixon, P.B., Parmenter, B.R., Sutton, J., and Vincent, D.P. (1982). ORANI: A Multisectoral Model of the Australian Economy. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Co.
Dorosh, P., and Schmidt, E. (2010). The Rural-Urban Transformation in Ethiopia. ESSPII Working Paper, No. 13. Ethiopia Strategy Support Program II.
Dorosh, P., and Thurlow, J. (2011). Urbanization and Economic Transformation: A CGE Anal-ysis for Ethiopia. ESSP II Working Paper, No. 14. Ethiopia Strategy Support Program II.
EDHS. (2014). Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. Central Statistical Agency. Re-trieved from www.csa.gov.et. Accessed on 20 April, 2016.
Eshetu, Z., Simane, B., Tebeje, G., Negatu, W., Amsalu, A., Berhanu, A., . . . Trujillo, N. C. (2014). Climate Finance in Ethiopia. Overseas Development Institute.
Ethiopian Development Research Institute (EDRI). (2009). Ethiopia: Input-output Table and Social Accounting Matrix. Addis Ababa.
Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA). (2010). Universal Rural Road Access Program. Addis Ab-aba.
Evangelista, P., Young, N., and Burnett, J. (2013). How will climate change spatially affect agriculture production in Ethiopia? Case studies of important cereal crops. Climatic Change, 119, pp.855–873.
Evenson, R. E., Pray, C. E., and Rosegrant, M. W. (1999). Agricultural Research and Produc-tivity. Research Report, No.109. International Food Policy Research Institute.
Ezra, M. (2001). Demographic Response to Environmental Stress in Drought- and Famine -Prone Areas of Northern Ethiopia. International Journal of Population Geography, 7, pp.259-279.
Bibliography 117
Ezra, M., and Kiros, G.-E. (2001). Rural Out-migration in the Drought Prone Areas of Ethiopia: A Multilevel Analysis. International Migration Review, 35(3), pp.749-771.
Fan, S., Hazell, P., and Thorat, S. (1999). Linkages between Government Spending, Growth, and Poverty in Rural India. Research Report No. 110. International Food Policy Re-search Institute.
Fan, S., Hazell, P., and Thorat, S. (2000). Government Spending, Growth and Poverty in Rural India. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 82(4), pp.1038-1051.
Fan, S., Zhang, L., and Zhang, X. (2002). Growth, Inequality, and Poverty in Rural China: The Role of Public Investments. Research Report No.125. International Food Policy Re-search Institute.
Fankhauser, S. (2010). The costs of adaptation. WIREs Climate Change, 1, pp.23–30. Fankhauser, S., and Burton, I. (2011). Spending adaptation money wisely. Climate Policy, 11,
3, 1037-1049. Fankhauser, S., and Schmidt-Traub, G. (2011). From adaptation to climate-resilient develop-
ment: The costs of climate-proofing the Millennium Development Goals in Africa. Cli-mate and Development, 3(2), pp.94-113.
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE). (1995). Proclamation No. 1/1995: Procla-mation of the Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Federal Negarit Gazeta, 1(1). Addis Ababa.
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE). (2011). Ethiopia's Climate Resilient Green Economy Strategy. Addis Ababa.
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE). (2012). Ethiopia’s Climate-Resilient Green Economy: Green economy strategy. Addis Ababa.
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE). (2015). Ethiopia’s Climate Resilient Green Economy: Climate Resilience Strategy - Agriculture and Forestry Sector. Addis Ababa.
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE). (2016). Ethiopia’s Climate-Resilient Green Economy: Climate Resilience Strategy- Water and Energy. Addis Ababa.
Felloni, F., Wahl, T., Wandschneider, P., and Gilbert, J. (2001). Infrastructure and Agricultural Production: Cross-country Evidence and Implications for China. TWP-2001-03. Wash-ington State University.
Femenia, F. (2012). Functional Forms Commonly Used in CGE Models. AGRODEP Technical Note TN-02. International Food Policy Research Institute.
Fenton, A., Wright, H., Afionis, S., Paavola, J., and Huq, S. (2014). Debt relief and financing climate change action. Nature Climate Change, 4, pp.650-653.
Ferede, T., Ayenew, A. B., and Hanjra, M. A. (2013). Agro-ecology Matters: Impacts of Cli-mate Change on Agriculture and its Implications for Food Security in Ethiopia. Nova Science Publishers.
Fields, G. S. (2011). Labor market analysis for developing countries. Labour Economics, 18, pp.S16–S22.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (2015). FAOSTAT: Ethiopia. Reterieved from http://faostat.fao.org/. Accessed on April 05, 2015.
Gabre-Madhin, E. Z. (2001). Market Institutions, Transaction Costs, and Social Capital in the Ethiopian Grain Market. Research Report No.124. International Food Policy Research Institute.
118 Bibliography Gebeyehu, Z.H. (2015). Land Policy Implications in Rural-Urban Migration: the Dynamics
and Determinant Factors of Rural-Urban Migration in Ethiopia. PhD Dissertation. Technische Universität München.
Gebreegziabher, Z., Stage, J., Mekonnen, A., and Alemu, A. (2016). Climate Change and the Climate Change and the Ethiopian Economy. Environment and Development Econom-ics, 21 (2), pp. 205–225.
Gebremariam, S., Amare, S., Baker, D., and Solomon, A. (2010). Diagnostic Study of Live Cattle and Beef Production and Marketing: Constraints and Opportunities for Enhanc-ing the System. International Livestock Research Institute.
Ginsburgh, V., and Keyzer, M. (1997). The Structure of Applied General Equilibrium Models. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Gray, C., and Mueller, V. (2012). Drought and Population Mobility in Rural Ethiopia. World Development, 40(1), pp.134–145.
Hadgu, G., Tefaye, K., Mamo, G., and Kassa, B. (2014). Analysis of Farmers’ Perception and Adaptation Methods to Climate Variability/Change in Tigray Region, Northern Ethio-pia. Research Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 1(1), pp.15-25.
Hansen, L. P., and Heckman, J. J. (1996). The Empirical Foundations of Calibration. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 10(1), pp.87-104.
Harris, J.R., and Todaro, M. (1970). Migration, Unemployment and Economic Development: A Two-Sector Analysis. American Economic Review, 60 (1), pp.126-42.
Harrison, G. W., Jones, R., Kimbell, L. J., and Wigle, R. (1993). How Robust is Applied Gen-eral Equilibrium Analysis. Journal of Policy Modeling, 15(1), pp.99-115.
Heal, G., and Millner, A. (2014). Uncertainty and Decision Making in Climate Change Eco-nomics. Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, 8 (1), pp. 120-137.
Henderson, J.V, Storeygard, A. and Deichmann, W. (2017). Has climate change driven urban-ization in Africa? Journal of Development Economics, 124, pp.60-82.
Hermeling, C., and Mennel, T. (2008). Sensitivity analysis in economic simulations-a system-atic approach. Retrieved from https://ub-madoc.bib.uni-mann-heim.de/2100/1/dp08068.pdf. Accessed on 20 June, 2016.
Hertel, T. W., and Lobell, D. B. (2014). Agricultural adaptation to climate change in rich and poor countries: Current modeling practice and potential for empirical contributions. En-ergy Economics, 46, pp.562-575.
Hertel, T. W., and van der Mensbrugghe, D. (2016). Behavioral Parameters. Retrieved from https://www.gtap.agecon.purdue.edu/resources/download/8247.pdf. Accessed on 20 June, 2016.
Hertel, T. W., McDougall, R. A., Narayanan, B. G., and Aguiar, A. H. (2014). Behavioral Pa-rameters. Retrieved from https://www.gtap.agecon.purdue.edu/resources/down-load/7047.pdf. Accessed on 20 June, 2016.
HICES. (2000). Households Income, Consumption, and Expenditure Survey. Central Statistics Agency. Retrieved from www.csa.gov.et. Accessed on 14, December 2015.
HICES. (2005). Household Income, Consumption, and Expenditure Survey. Central Statistics Agency. Retrieved from www.csa.gov.et. Accessed on 14, December 2015.
HICES. (2011). Households Income, Consumption, and Expenditure Survey. Central Statistics Agency. Retrieved from www.csa.gov.et. Accessed on 14, December 2015.
Higgs, P. J., Parmenter, B. R., and Rimmer, R. J. (1988). A Hybrid Top-Down, Bottom-Up Regional Computable General Equilibrium Model. International Regional Science Re-view, 11(3), pp.317-328.
Bibliography 119
Hosoe, N., Gasawa, K., and Hashimoto, H. (2010). Textbook of Computable General Equilib-rium Modelling. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Hurni, H. (1998). Agro-ecological Belts of Ethiopia: Explanatory notes on three maps at a scale of 1:1,000,000. University of Bern: Centre for Development and Environment, Soil Conservation Research Programme.
ICPS. (2012). Inter-Censal Population Survey. Central Statistics Agency. Retrieved from www.csa.gov.et. Accessed on 14 December, 2015.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2007). Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2014). Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Geneva.
International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI). (2015). Animal breeding and genetics in the Ethiopia livestock master plan. Ethiopian Livestock Masterplan Brief, No.4. Addis Ab-aba.
International Organization for Migration (IOM). (2012). Climate Change, Environmental Deg-radation and Migration. International Dialogue on Migration, No.18. Geneva.
Jomini, P., Zeitsch, J. F., McDougall, R., Welsh, A., Brown, S., Hambley, J., and Kelly, J. (1991). SALTER: A General Equilibrium Model of the World Economy: Volume 1, Model Structure, Database, and Parameters. Canberra: Industry Commission.
Jones, B. F., and Olken, B. A. (2010). Climate Shocks and Exports. American Economic Re-view: Papers and Proceedings, 100, pp.454-459.
Kassie, B. T. (2014). Climate variability and change in Ethiopia: Exploring impacts and adap-tation options for cereal production. PhD Dissertation. Wageningen University.
Kehoe, P. J., and Kehoe, T. J. (1994). A Primer on Static Applied General Equilibrium Models. Quarterly Review, 18(2), pp.2-16.
Kissinger, G., Lee, D., Orindi, V. A., Narasimhan, P., King’uyu, S. M., and Sova, C. (2013). Planning climate adaptation in agriculture: Meta-synthesis of national adaptation plans in West and East Africa and South Asia. CCAFS Report No. 10 CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS).
Knox, J., Daccache, A., and Hess, T. (2013). What is the impact of infrastructural investments in roads, electricity and irrigation on agricultural productivity? CEE Review, 11-007. Retrieved from www.environmentalevidence.org/SR11007.html. Accessed on 07 Au-gust, 2015.
Knox, J., Hess, T., Daccache, A., and Wheeler, T. (2012). Climate change impacts on crop productivity in Africa and South Asia. Environmental Research Letters, 7(034032).
Kubik, Z., and Mathilde, M. (2016). Weather Shocks, Agricultural Production and Migration: Evidence from Tanzania. The Journal of Development Studies, 52(5).
Kurukulasuriya, P., and Mendelsohn, R. (2008). A Ricardian analysis of the impact of climate change on African cropland. African Journal of Agricultural and Resources Economics, 2(1).
Kurukulasuriya, P., and Rosenthal, S. (2003). Climate Change and Agriculture A Review of Impacts and Adaptations. Climate Change Series No.91. World Bank.
Kurukulasuriya, P., Mendelsohn, R., Hassan, R., Benhin, J., Deressa, T., Diop, M., . . . Dinar, A. (2006). Will African Agriculture Survive Climate Change? The World Bank Eco-nomic Review, 20(3), pp.367–388.
120 Bibliography Lanos, B., Mas, A.A., and Woldeyes, F. (2014). Public expenditures in support of food and
agriculture development in the Federal Republic of Ethiopia, 2006/07-2012/13: A pre-liminary assessment. FAO Technical Notes Series. Retrieved from https://agriknowledge.org/downloads/wh246s16c. Accessed on 10 January, 2016.
Lee, E. S. (1966). A Theory of Migration. Demography, 3(1), pp.47-57. Leontief, W., Morgan, A., Polenske, K., Simpson, D., and Tower, E. (1965). The Economic
Impact-Industrial and Regional - of an Arms Cut. The Review of Economics and Statis-tics, XLVII (3), pp.217-241.
Lewis, A.W. (1954). Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of Labour. The Man-chester School, 22 (2), pp.131-191.
Lipton, M. (1980). Migration from Rural Areas of Poor Countries: The Impact on Rural Produc-tivity and Income Distribution. World Development, 8(1), pp.1-24.
Lluch, C., Powel, A. A., and Williams, R. A. (1977). Patterns in Household Demand and Sav-ing. New York: Oxford University Press.
LMIS. (2011) Report on Large and Medium Scale Manufacturing and Electricity Industries Survey. Central Statistics Agency. Retrieved from www.csa.gov.et. Accessed 24 No-vember 2015.
Lofgren, H. (2001). A CGE Model for Malawi: Technical Documentation. TMD Discussion Paper, No. 70. International Food Policy Research Institute.
Lofgren, H., Harris, L. R., and Robinson, S. (2002). A standard computable general equilibrium (CGE) model in GAMS. Microcomputers in Policy Research No. 5. International Food Policy Research Institute.
Lucas, R. E. (1997). Internal Migration in Developing Countries. Chapter 13 in M. R. Rosenzweig, and O. Stark (Eds.), Handbook of Population and Family Economics (pp. 721-798). Elsevier Science B.V.
Lybbert, T. J., and Sumner, D. A. (2012). Agricultural technologies for climate change in de-veloping countries: Policy options for innovation and technology diffusion. Food Pol-icy, 37, pp.114-123.
Maddison, D., Manley, M., and Kurukulasuriya, P. (2007). The Impact of Climate Change on African Agriculture. Policy Research Working Paper No. 4306. World Bank.
Makombe, G., Kelemework, D., and Aredo, D. (2007). A comparative analysis of rain fed and irrigated agricultural production in Ethiopia. Irrigation Drainage System, 21, pp.35-44.
Mansur, A., and Whalley, J. (1981). Numerical Specification of Applied General Equilibrium Models: Estimation, Calibration, and Data. Department of Economics Working Paper No. 8106. University of Western Ontario. Retrieved from http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/econom-icscsier_wp/28. Accessed on 20 July, 2015.
Massey, D. S., Axinn, W. G., and Ghimire, D. J. (2010). Environmental change and out-migra-tion: evidence from Nepal. Population Environment, 32, pp.109–136.
Mbow, C., Mertz, O., Diouf, A., Rasmussen, K., and Reenberg, A. (2008). The history of envi-ronmental change and adaptation in eastern Saloum-Senegal: Driving forces and per-ceptions. Global and Planetary Change, 64, pp.210–221.
McGray, H., Hammill, A., and Bradley, R. (2007). Weathering the Storm Options for Framing Adaptation and Development. World Resources Institute.
McLeman, R. A. (2014). Climate Change and Human Migration: Past Experiences, Future Challenges. New York: Cambridge University Press.
McLeman, R., and Smit, B. (2006). Migration as an Adaptation to Climate Change. Climatic Change, 76, pp.31-53.
Bibliography 121
Mekonnen, A. (2014). Economic Costs of Climate Change and Climate Finance with a Focus on Africa. Journal of African Economies, 23 (2), ii50–ii82.
Mendelsohn, R. (2000). Efficient Adaptation to Climate Change. Climatic Change, 45, pp.583–600.
Mendelsohn, R. (2012). The Economics of Adaptation to Climate Change in Developing Coun-tries. Climate Change Economics, 3, 2 (1250006).
Mendelsohn, R., Dinar, A., and Williams, L. (2006). The distributional impact of climate change on Rich and Poor Countries. Environment and Development Economics, 11, pp.159–178.
Mertz, O., Mbow, C., Reenberg, A., Genesio, L., Lambin, E. F., D'haen, S., . . . Sandholt, I. (2011). Adaptation strategies and climate vulnerability in the Sudano-Sahelian region of West Africa. Atmospheric Science Letters, 12, pp.104-108.
Mideksa, T. K. (2010). Economic and distributional impacts of climate change: The case of Ethiopia. Global Environmental Change, 20, pp.278–286.
Miheretu, B.A. (2011). Causes and Consequences of Rural-Urban Migration: The Case of Woldiya Town, North Ethiopia. MA Thesis. University of South Africa.
Millner, A., and Dietz, S. (2015). Adaptation to climate change and economic growth in De-veloping Countries. Environment and Development Economics, 20(3), 380-406.
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MoARD). (2010). Ethiopia's Agricultural Sector Policy and Investment Framework: 2010-2020. Addis Ababa.
Ministry of Education (MoE). (2016). Educational Statistics 2014/15. Addis Ababa. Ministry of Finance and Economic Development (MoFED). (2005). National Accounts Statis-
tics of Ethiopia: Source and Methods: 1999/2000 Base Year Series. Addis Ababa. Ministry of Finance and Economic Development (MoFED). (2006). Ethiopia: Building on Pro-
gress a Plan for Accelerated and Sustained Development to End Poverty: 2005/06-2009/10. Addis Ababa.
Ministry of Finance and Economic Development (MoFED). (2009). Layperson's Guide to the Public Budget Progress at Regional Level. Addis Ababa.
Ministry of Finance and Economic Development (MoFED). (2010). Growth and Transfor-mation Plan: 2010/11-2014/15. Addis Ababa.
Ministry of Finance and Economic Development (MoFED). (2012). Ethiopia’s Progress to-wards Eradicating Poverty: An Interim Report on Poverty Analysis Study - 2010/11. Addis Ababa.
Ministry of Finance and Economic Development (MoFED). (2014). Government Revenues and Expenditures. Addis Ababa.
Ministry of Finance and Economic Development (MoFED). (2015). Public Sector Debt: 2010/11 - 2014/15. Statistical Bulletin, No.15. Addis Ababa.
Ministry of Finance and Economic Development (MoFED). (2015). Quarterly Government Fi-nance: National and Regional Budgets. Addis Ababa.
Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR). (2001). Ethiopian Water Sector Policy. Addis Ababa. Minten, B., and Barrett, C. B. (2008). Agricultural Technology, Productivity, and Poverty in
Madagascar. World Development, 36(5), pp.797–822. Minten, B., Koru, B., and Stifel, D. (2013). The last mile(s) in modern input distribution: Pric-
ing, profitability, and adoption. Agricultural Economics, 44, pp.629–646. Missaglia, M., and de Boer, P. (2004). Food-For-Work versus Cash-For-Work: Emergency As-
sistance in Palestine. Economic Systems Research, 16(4), pp.367-390.
122 Bibliography Mitik, L., and Engida, E. (2013). Public investment in irrigation and training for an agricul-
ture-led development: a CGE approach for Ethiopia. Working Paper No. 2013-02. Part-nership for Economic Policy.
Mitra-Kahn, B. H. (2008). Debunking the Myths of Computable General Equilibrium Models. SCEPA Working Paper 2008-1. The New School for Social Research.
Moss, R. H., Edmonds, J. A., Hibbard, K. A., Manning, M. R., Rose, S., van Vuuren, D. P., . . . Wilbanks, T. J. (2010). The next generation of scenarios for climate change research and assessment. Nature, 463(7282), pp.747-756.
Müller, C., and Robertson, R. D. (2014). Projecting future crop productivity for global eco-nomic modeling. Agricultural Economics, 45, pp.37-50.
Müller, C., Cramer, W., Hare, W. L., and Lotze-Campen, H. (2011). Climate change risks for African agriculture. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108, (11), pp.4313–4315.
Müller, C., Waha, K., Bondeau, A., and Heinke, J. (2014). Hotspots of climate change impacts in sub-Saharan Africa and implications for adaptation and development. Global Change Biology, 20(8), pp.2505–2517.
Nakhooda, S., Fransen, T., Kuramochi, T., Caravani, A., Prizzon, A., Shimizu, N., . . . Welham, B. (2013). Mobilizing International Climate Finance: Lessons from the Fast-Start Fi-nance Period. Overseas Development Institute.
Naqvi, F., and Peter, M. W. (1996). A Multiregional, Multisectoral Model of the Australian Economy with an Illustrative Application. Australian Economic Papers, 94-113.
Nardone, A., Ronchi, B., Lacetera, N., Ranieri, M. S., and Bernabucci, U. (2010). Effects of climate changes on animal production and sustainability of livestock systems. Livestock Science, 130, pp.57-69.
National Bank of Ethiopia (NBE). (2015). National Bank Annual Report 2013-2014. Retrieved from http://www.nbe.gov.et/publications/annualreport.html. Accessed on 05 January, 2016.
National Bank of Ethiopia (NBE). (2016). National Bank Annual Report 2014-2015. Retrieved from http://www.nbe.gov.et/publications/annualreport.html. Accessed on 12 January, 2017.
National Meteorological Agency (NMA). (2007). Climate Change National Adaptation Pro-gramme of Action (NAPA) of Ethiopia. Addis Ababa.
National Meteorological Services Agency of Ethiopia (NMSA). (2001). Initial National Com-munication of Ethiopia to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Addis Ababa.
National Planning Commission of Ethiopia (NPC). (2016). Growth and Transformation Plan II: 2015/16-2019/20: Volume I. Addis Ababa.
Naude, W. (2010). The Determinants of Migration from Sub-Saharan African Countries. Jour-nal of African Economies, 19(3), 330-356.
Nawrotzki, R. J., Hunter, L. M., Runfola, D. M., and Riosmena, F. (2015). Climate change as a migration driver from rural and urban Mexico. Environmental Research Letters, 10 (114023).
Nelson, G. C., Rosegrant, M. W., Koo, J., Robertson, R., Sulser, T., Zhu, T., . . . Lee, D. (2010). The Costs of Agricultural Adaptation to Climate Change. Development and Climate Change Discussion Paper No. 4. World Bank.
Nganou, J.-P. (2011). Estimation of the parameters of a linear expenditure system (LES) de-mand function for a small African economy. MPRA Paper No.31450. Retrieved from http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31450/. Accessed on 07 August, 2015.
Bibliography 123
NLFS. (1999). National Labor Force Survey 1999. Central Statistics Agency. Retrieved from www.csa.gov.et. Accessed on 14 December, 2015.
NLFS. (2005). National Labor Force Survey 2005. Central Statistics Agency. Retrieved from www.csa.gov.et. Accessed on 14 December, 2015.
NLFS. (2013). National Labor Force Survey 2013. Central Statistics Agency. Retrieved from www.csa.gov.et. Accessed on 14 December, 2015.
O’Neill, B. C., Kriegler, E., Ebi, K. L., Kemp-Benedict, E., Riahi, K., Rothman, D. S., . . . Solecki, W. (2017). The roads ahead: Narratives for shared socioeconomic pathways describing world futures in the 21st century. Global Environmental Change, 42, pp.169-180.
O'Rourke, K. (1995). Computable General Equilibrium Models and Economic History. Re-trieved from http://www.gams.de/solvers/mpsge/orourke.htm. Accessed on 10 July, 2014.
Padgham, J. (2009). Agricultural Development under a Changing Climate: Opportunities and Challenges for Adaptation. Joint Department Discussion Paper, Issue-1. World Bank.
Pardey, P. G., Alston, J. M., and Chan-Kang, C. (2013). Public agricultural R & D over the past half century: an emerging new world order. Agricultural Economics, 44, pp.103–113.
Pauw, K. (2003). Functional forms used in CGE models: Modelling production and commodity flows. Background Paper 2003:5. Retrieved from http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bit-stream/15606/1/bp030005.pdf. Accessed on 20 July, 2015.
PHC. (2007). Population and Housing Census. Central Statistical Agency. Retrieved from www.csa.gov.et. Accessed on 24 September, 2014.
Pielke, R. (2007). Mistreatment of the economic impacts of extreme events in the Stern Review Report on the Economics of Climate Change. Global Environmental Change, 17, pp.302–310.
Piermartini, R., and Teh, R. (2005). Demystifying Modelling Methods for Trade Policy. Dis-cussion Paper No. 10. World Trade Organization.
Project Catalyst. (2009). Scaling up Climate Finance. Retrieved from http://www.und-pcc.org/undpcc/files/docs/publications/climate_finance.pdf. Accessed on 15 Novem-ber, 2015.
Ray, D. K., Gerber, J. S., MacDonald, G. K., and West, P. C. (2015). Climate variation explains a third of global crop yield variability. Nature Communications, DOI: http://dx.doi:10.1038/ncomms6989.
Regional Strategic Analysis and Knowledge Support System (ReSAKSS) (2014). Ethiopia: Joint Sector Review Assessment Report. International Food Policy Research Institute.
Roberts, B. M. (1994). Calibration Procedure and the Robustness of the CGE Models: Simula-tions with a model for Poland. Economics of Planning, 27, pp.189-210.
Robinson, S., Strzepek, K., and Cervigni, R. (2013). The Cost of Adapting to Climate Change in Ethiopia: Sector-Wise and Macro-Economic Estimates. ESSP II Working Paper, No. 53. Ethiopia Strategic Support Program II.
Robinson, S., van Meijl, H., Willenbockel, D., Valin, H., Fujimori, S., Masui, T., . . . von Lampe, M. (2014). Comparing supply-side specifications in models of global agricul-ture and the food system. Agricultural Economics, 45, pp.21-35.
Robinson, S., Willenbockel, D., and Strzepek, K. (2012). A Dynamic General Equilibrium Analysis of Adaptation to Climate Change in Ethiopia. Review of Development Eco-nomics, 16(3), pp.489-502.
124 Bibliography Robinson, S., Yu´nez-Naude, A., Hinojosa-Ojeda, R., Lewis, J. D., and Devarajan, S. (1999).
From stylized to applied models: Building multisector CGE models for policy analysis. North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 10, pp.5–38.
Rosenzweig, C., Elliott, J., Deryng, D., Ruane, A. C., Müller, C., Arneth, A., . . . Jones, J. W. (2014). Assessing agricultural risks of climate change in the 21st century in a global gridded crop model intercomparison. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111 (9), 3268–3273.
Salazar-Espinoza, C., Jones, S., and Tarp, F. (2015). Weather Shocks and Cropland Decisions in Rural Mozambique. Food Policy, 53, 9-21.
Sanchez, C. M. (2004). Calibration, Solution and Validation of the CGE Model. Chapter 7 in C. M. Sanchez, Rising Inequality and Falling Poverty in Costa Rica's Agriculture Dur-ing Trade Reform: A Micro-Macro General Equilibrium Analysis (pp. 189-226). Maas-tricht: Shaker.
Schlenker, W., and Lobell, D. B. (2010). Robust negative impacts of climate change on African agriculture. Environmental Research Letters, 5(014010).
Schultz, T. W. (1975). The Value of the Ability to Deal with Disequilibria. Journal of Economic Literature, 13(3), pp.827-846.
Seo, S.N., and Mendelsohn, R. (2008). Measuring impacts and adaptations to climate change: a structural Ricardian Model of African Livestock Management. Agricultural Econom-ics, 38, pp.151–165.
Shoven, J. B., and Whalley, J. (1984). Applied General-Equilibrium Models of Taxation and International Trade: An Introduction and Survey. Journal of Economic Literature, 22(3), pp.1007-1051.
Shoven, J. B., and Whalley, J. (1992). Introduction. Chapter 1 J.B. Shoven and J. Whalley, Applying General Equilibrium (pp. 1-36). Cambridge University Press.
SMIS. (2003). Report on Small Scale Manufacturing Industries Survey. Central Statistics Au-thority. Retrieved from www.csa.gov.et. Accessed 24 November 2015.
Smit, B., and Pilifosova, O. (2001). Adaptation to Climate Change in the Context of Sustainable Development and Equity. Chapter 18 in J. J. McCarthy, O. F. Canziani , N. A. Leary, D. J. Dokken , and K. S. White (Eds.), Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability (pp. 876-912). Cambridge University Press.
Smit, B., and Skinner, M. W. (2002). Adaptation Options in Agriculture to Climate Change: A Typology. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 7, pp.85–114.
Smit, B., Burton, I., Klein, R. J., and Wandel, J. (2000). An Anatomy of Adaptation to Climate Change and Variability. Climatic Change, 45, pp.223-251.
Smit, B., Burton, I., Klein, R., and Street, R. (1999). The Science of Adaptation: A Framework for Assessment. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 4, pp.199–213.
SNA. (2008). System of National Accounts 2008. European Commission, International Mone-tary Fund, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, United Nations, and World Bank.
Stark, O., and Taylor, J. E. (1989). Relative Deprivation and International Migration. Demog-raphy, 26(1), pp.1-14.
Starr, R.M. (2011). General Equilibrium Theory: An Introduction (2nd Ed.). Cambridge: Cam-bridge University Press.
Stern, N. (2007). The Economics of Climate Change: The Stern Review. Cambridge University Press.
Bibliography 125
Stifel, D., and Minten, B. (2008). Isolation and agricultural productivity. Agricultural Econom-ics, 39, pp.1–15.
Stifel, D., Minten, B., and Koru, B. (2016). Economic Benefits of Rural Feeder Roads: Evi-dence from Ethiopia. The Journal of Development Studies, 52(9), pp.1335-1356.
Stiglitz, J. E. (2000). Economics of the Public Sector (3rd Ed.). New York: W.W. Norton and Company.
Tafesse, A., Ayele, G., Ketema, M., and Geta, E. (2013). Adaptation to Climate Change and Variability in Eastern Ethiopia. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 4(9), pp.91-103.
Tall, A., Hansen, J., Jay, A., Campbell, B., Kinyangi, J., Aggarwal, P. K., and Zougmoré, R. (2014). Scaling up climate services for farmers: Mission Possible. Learning from good practice in Africa and South Asia. CAFS Report No. 13, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS).
Tanner, T., and Horn-Phathanothai, L. (2014). Climate Change and Development. New York: Routledge.
Taylor, J. (2001). Migration: New Dimensions and Characteristics, Causes, Consequences and Implications for Rural Poverty. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/X9808e/x9808e07.htm#ee. Accessed on 24 October, 2015.
Taylor, L. (1990). Structuralist CGE Models. Chapter 1 in L. Taylor (Ed.), Socially Relevant Policy Analysis: Structuralist Computable General Equilibrium Models for Developing World (pp. 1-70). Cambridge: MIT Press.
Teka, K., van Rompaeny, A., Poesen, J., Welday, Y., and Deckers, J. (2012). Impact of Climate Change on Small-Holder Farming: A Case of Eastern Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Afri-can Crop Science Journal, 20(2), pp.337–347.
Teruel, R. G., and Kuroda, Y. (2005). Public infrastructure and productivity growth in Philip-pine agriculture, 1974–2000. Journal of Asian Economics, 16, pp.555–576.
Tessema, Y. A., Aweke, C. S., and Endris, G. S. (2013). Understanding the process of adapta-tion to climate change by small-holder farmers: the case of east Hararghe Zone, Ethio-pia. Agricultural and Food Economics, 1(3).
Tesso, G., Emana, B., and Ketema, M. (2012). Econometric analysis of local level perception, adaptation and coping strategies to climate change induced shocks in North Shewa, Ethiopia. International Research Journal of Agricultural Science and Soil Science, 2(8), pp.347-363.
Thirtle, C., Lin, L., and Piesse, J. (2003). The Impact of Research-Led Agricultural Productivity Growth on Poverty Reduction in Africa, Asia and Latin America. World Development, 31(12), pp.1959–1975.
Thornton, P. K., van de Steeg, J., Notenbaert, A., and Herrero, M. (2009). The impacts of cli-mate change on livestock and livestock systems in developing countries: A review of what we know and what we need to know. Agricultural Systems, 101, pp.113–127.
Tilahun, H., and Schmidt, E. (2012). Spatial Analysis of Livestock Production Patterns in Ethi-opia. ESSP II Working Paper No.44. Ethiopia Strategy Support Program II.
Tinbergen, J. (1952). On the Theory of Economic Policy. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publish-ing Company. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1765/15884. Accessed on 13 Octo-ber, 2014.
126 Bibliography Todaro, M. P., and Smith, S. C. (2012). Economic Development (11th Ed.). Boston: Addison-
Wesley. UDTS. (2013). Report on Urban Distributive Trade Survey 2010/11. Central Statistics Agency.
Retrieved from www.csa.gov.et. Accessed 24 November, 2015. United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD). (2014). Desertification: the
Invisible Frontline. Retrieved from www.unccd.int. Accessed on 23 October, 2016. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNESDA). (2008). International
Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC): Revision 4. New York.
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). (2014). The Adaptation Gap Report: Pre-liminary Assessment. Nairobi.
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). (2016). The Adaptation Gap Report: Fi-nance. Nairobi.
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). (2007). Investment and Financial Flows to Address Climate Change. Bonn.
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). (2009). Copenhagen Accord. Conference of the Parties, Fifteenth session, 7-18 December 2009, Copenha-gen.
Varian, H.R. (1992). Microeconomic Analysis. (3rd Ed.). New York: W. W. Norton & Com-pany, Inc.
Villora, N. B., Elliot, J., Müller, C., Shin, J., Zhao, L., and Song, C. (2016). Rapid aggregation of global gridded crop model outputs to facilitate cross-disciplinary analysis of climate change impacts in agriculture. Environmental Modelling and Software, 75, pp. 193-201.
Von Braun, J. (1991). A Policy Agenda for Famine Prevention in Africa. Food Policy Statement No. 13. International Food Policy Research Institute.
Waha, K., Müller, C., Bondeau, A., Dietrich, J. P., Kurukulasuriya, P., Heinke, J., and Lotze-Campen, H. (2013). Adaptation to climate change through the choice of cropping sys-tem and sowing date in sub-Saharan Africa. Global Environmental Change, 23, pp.130-143.
Watkiss, P., Downing, T. E., and Dyszynski, J. (2010). Analysis of the Economic Costs of Cli-mate Change Adaptation in Africa. United Nations Environmental Programme.
Wayne, G. (2013). The Beginner’s Guide to Representative Concentration Pathways. Retrieved from http://www.skepticalscience.com/docs/RCP_Guide.pdf. Accessed on 13 October, 2014.
Weindl, I., Lotze-Campen, H., Popp, A., Müller, C., Havlík, P., Herrero, M., . . . Rolinski, S. (2015). Livestock in a changing climate: production system transitions as an adaptation strategy for agriculture. Environmental Research Letters, 10(094021).
Westphal, M. I., Canfin, P., Ballesteros, A., and Morgan, J. (2015). Getting to $100 Billion: Climate Finance Scenarios and Projections 2020. Retrieved from www.wri.org/publi-cation/getting-to-100-billion. Accessed on 13 August, 2016.
White, J. W., Hoogenboom, G., Kimball, B. A., and Wall, G. W. (2011). Methodologies for simulating impacts of climate change on crop production. Field Crops Research, 124, pp.357-368.
Wiebe, K. D., Soule, M. J., and Schimmelpfennig, D. E. (2001). Agricultural Productivity for Sustainable Food Security in sub-Saharan Africa. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x9447e/x9447e06.htm#bb. Accessed on 03 October, 2015.
Bibliography 127
Wiebelt, M., Al-Riffai, P., Breisinger, C., and Robertson, R. (2015). Who bears the costs of climate change? Evidence from Tunisia. Journal of Developing Areas, 49(2), pp.1-21.
Wondemu, K. A., and Weiss, J. (2012). Rural Roads and Development: Evidence from Ethio-pia. European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research, 12(4), pp.417-439.
Wondimagegnhu, B. A. (2015). Staying or Leaving? Analyzing the Rationality of Rural-Urban Migration Associated with Farm Income of Staying Households: A Case Study from Southern Ethiopia. Advances in Agriculture, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/617373
World Bank. (2006). Ethiopia: Managing Water Resources to Maximize Sustainable Growth. Washington, DC.
World Bank. (2008). Ethiopia: A Country Study on the Economic Impacts of Climate Change. Washington, DC.
World Bank. (2010a). Economics of Adaptation to Climate Change: Ethiopia. Washington, DC. World Bank. (2010b). Economics of Adaptation to Climate Change: Synthesis Report. Wash-
ington, DC. World Bank. (2013). Turn Down the Heat: Climate Extremes, Regional Impacts, and the Case.
Washington, DC. World Bank. (2016). Ethiopia: Climate Change Knowledge Portal. Retrieved from
http://data.worldbank.org/country/ethiopia. Accessed on 11 July, 2016. World Development Indicators (WDI). (2016). World Development Indicators Retrieved from
http://databank.worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?source=world-development-indica-tors. Accessed on 23 October, 2016.
World Economic Forum (WEF). (2016). The Global Competitiveness Report 2016–2017. Ge-neva.
Wossen, T., Berger, T., and Di Falco, S. (2015). Social capital, risk preference and adoption of improved farm land management practices in Ethiopia. Agricultural Economics, 46, 81–97.
Yeldan, A. E. (1986). A Computable General Equilibrium Model for Development Policy Anal-ysis. Bulletin, 86-1. Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Minnesota.
Zepeda, L. (2001). Agricultural Investment, Production Capacity and Productivity. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x9447e/x9447e03.htm#c. Accessed on 03 Octo-ber, 2015.
Appendix Materials and Methods Table A1-Description of the SAM accounts
Account Notation Description ACTIVITY AGRAIN Grains: Cereals, Pulses, Oilseeds
ACCROP Cash Crops: Coffee, Chat, Tea, Spices, Sugarcane, Cotton
AENSET Enset
ALIVST Livestock: raising animals and production
AFISFOR Fishery and Forestry
AMINQ Mining and Quarrying
ACONS Construction
AMAN Manufacturing, Electricity, Water Supply
ATSER Trade Services: Wholesale, Retail Trade, Repair services
AHSER Hotels and Restaurants
ATRNCOM Transport and Communications
AFSER Financial Intermediaries
ARSER Real Estate and Renting Business
APADMN Public Administration (General)
APAGRI Public Administration (Agriculture)
ASSER Social Services: Education, Health Community Services
AOSER Other Services: services n.e.c.*
COMMODITY CGRAIN Grains: Cereals, Pulses, Oilseeds
CCCROP Cash Crops: Coffee, Chat, tea, Spices, Sugarcane, Cotton
CENSET Enset
CLIVST Livestock: Raising Animals and Production
CFISFOR Fishery and Forestry
CMINQ Mining and Quarrying
CCONS Construction
CMAN Manufacturing, Electricity, Water Supply
CMMAN Fertilizers, Coal, Natural Gas, and Petroleum Oil
CTSER Trade Services: Wholesale, Retail Trade, Repair services
CHSER Hotels and Restaurants
CTRNCOM Transport and Communications
CFSER Financial Intermediaries
CRSER Real Estate and Renting Business
CPADMN Public Administration (General)
© Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, part of Springer Nature 2020A. W. Yalew, Economic Development under Climate Change,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-29413-7
130 Appendix
CPAGRI Public Administration (Agriculture)
CSSER Social Services: Education, Health, Community Services
COSER Other Services: services n.e.c.*
TRC Transaction Costs (Transport and Trade Margins)
FACTOR FLAB0 Agricultural Labor
FLAB1 Administrative workers (e.g., Legislators, Senior Officials, Managers)
FLAB2 Professional workers (e.g., Professionals, and Technical Associate)
FLAB3 Unskilled workers (e.g. workers engaged in elementary occupation
FLAB4 Skilled workers (e.g., workers that have some skill)
FLND Cropland
FTLU Tropical Livestock Units
FCAP Nonagricultural Capital
INSTITUTION ENT Enterprises
GOV Government
RURH Rural Households
URBH Urban Households
TAX STAX Sales (Domestic Indirect) Tax
MTAX Import Tariffs and Duties
DTAX Direct (Income) Tax
S-I DSTK Stock (Inventory) Changes
S-I Savings-Investment
ROW ROW Rest of the World
Source: Author’s aggregation and disaggregation from EDRI (2009) Notes: (*) Business Activities, Other Community, Social and Personal Service activities, Private Households with Employed Persons
Tabl
e A
2-Re
gion
al e
cono
mic
stru
ctur
e ba
sed
on e
mpl
oym
ent i
n H
ICES
(200
5) (G
DP
valu
es a
re in
bill
ion
USD
) A
ctiv
ity
Des
crip
tion
E
TH
T
IG
AFR
A
MH
O
RM
SO
M
BN
G
SNN
P G
AM
H
AR
A
DD
D
D
GD
P1
Unw
eigh
ted
14
.05
0.77
0.
23
3.46
5.
30
0.71
0.
16
2.80
0.
07
0.03
0.
47
0.05
GD
P2
Wei
ghte
d
14.0
5 0.
71
0.37
2.
45
4.62
1.
08
0.10
2.
83
0.10
0.
07
1.63
0.
11
AG
RA
IN
Gra
ins
0.18
0.
24
0.07
0.
33
0.22
0.
07
0.42
0.
13
0.10
0.
03
0.00
0.
04
AC
CR
OP
Cas
h cr
ops
0.10
0.
03
0.06
0.
07
0.13
0.
06
0.09
0.
18
0.14
0.
06
0.00
0.
03
AEN
SET
En
set
0.01
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0.
05
0.01
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
ALI
VST
Li
vest
ock
0.14
0.
06
0.14
0.
12
0.21
0.
12
0.05
0.
19
0.02
0.
00
0.00
0.
02
AFI
SFO
R
Fish
ery
and
fore
stry
0.
05
0.00
0.
03
0.02
0.
02
0.24
0.
00
0.08
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
AM
INQ
M
inin
g an
d qu
arry
ing
0.01
0.
01
0.00
0.
01
0.00
0.
01
0.00
0.
00
0.01
0.
02
0.01
0.
01
AC
ON
S C
onstr
uctio
n 0.
04
0.05
0.
16
0.04
0.
02
0.02
0.
03
0.01
0.
09
0.10
0.
15
0.13
AM
AN
M
anuf
actu
ring,
ele
ctric
ity, w
ater
supp
ly
0.07
0.
06
0.11
0.
10
0.05
0.
04
0.04
0.
06
0.07
0.
05
0.06
0.
08
ATS
ER
Trad
e se
rvic
es
0.11
0.
10
0.12
0.
07
0.11
0.
15
0.07
0.
13
0.15
0.
19
0.13
0.
20
AH
SER
H
otel
s and
resta
uran
ts
0.02
0.
04
0.04
0.
03
0.02
0.
01
0.03
0.
02
0.02
0.
01
0.02
0.
03
ATR
NC
OM
Tr
ansp
ort a
nd c
omm
unic
atio
ns
0.05
0.
03
0.05
0.
02
0.04
0.
08
0.03
0.
02
0.08
0.
11
0.18
0.
17
AFS
ER
Fina
ncia
l int
erm
edia
ries
0.02
0.
03
0.02
0.
01
0.02
0.
01
0.03
0.
00
0.02
0.
03
0.07
0.
03
AR
SER
R
eal e
state
and
rent
ing
busi
ness
0.
08
0.18
0.
05
0.08
0.
06
0.07
0.
01
0.04
0.
07
0.10
0.
17
0.11
APA
DM
N
Publ
ic a
dmin
istra
tion
(Gen
eral
) 0.
04
0.04
0.
08
0.03
0.
02
0.05
0.
09
0.03
0.
08
0.11
0.
09
0.05
APA
GR
I Pu
blic
adm
inis
tratio
n (A
gric
ultu
re)
0.01
0.
01
0.02
0.
02
0.01
0.
01
0.02
0.
01
0.02
0.
01
0.00
0.
01
ASS
ER
Soci
al se
rvic
es
0.04
0.
07
0.04
0.
03
0.04
0.
02
0.06
0.
04
0.08
0.
14
0.06
0.
06
AO
SER
O
ther
ser
vice
s 0.
03
0.05
0.
03
0.03
0.
02
0.02
0.
01
0.01
0.
03
0.03
0.
07
0.05
TOTA
L R
egio
nal G
DP
1.
00
1.00
1.
00
1.00
1.
00
1.00
1.
00
1.00
1.
00
1.00
1.
00
1.00
Sour
ce: A
utho
r’s c
ompu
tatio
n ba
sed
on H
ICES
(200
5), P
HC
(200
7), a
nd A
gSS
(200
6)
Appendix 13
1
Tabl
e A
3-C
onsu
mpt
ion
patte
rn o
f rep
rese
ntat
ive
regi
onal
hou
seho
lds (
valu
es in
%)
Item
E
TH
T
IG
AFR
A
MH
O
RM
SO
M
BN
G
SNN
P G
AM
H
AR
A
DD
D
D
Food
and
non
-alc
ohol
ic b
ever
ages
45
43
53
47
47
50
46
48
53
41
39
44
Alc
ohol
, tob
acco
, cof
fee,
tea,
cha
t and
buc
ktho
rn
3 2
5 3
3 12
3
4 3
10
1 7
Clo
thin
g an
d fo
otw
ear
5 6
6 4
6 6
5 5
4 4
5 6
Hou
sing
, wat
er, f
uel,
and
ener
gy
22
19
21
21
21
21
19
25
22
23
29
27
Furn
ishi
ng, h
ouse
hold
equ
ipm
ent a
nd m
aint
enan
ce
4 5
5 4
5 5
5 4
5 4
5 4
Hea
lth a
nd m
edic
al tr
eatm
ent
1 1
1 1
1 0
2 1
1 1
1 1
Educ
atio
n 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
1 2
1
Uni
ncor
pora
ted
hous
ehol
d en
terp
rise
6 8
2 10
6
2 9
4 1
9 0
1
Oth
er g
oods
& s
ervi
ces,
recr
eatio
n, tr
ansp
orta
tion,
co
mm
unic
atio
n, re
staur
ant/h
otel
11
16
8
11
11
5 12
9
10
8 18
10
Tota
l 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0 10
0
Sour
ce: A
utho
r’s c
ompu
tatio
n fr
om H
ICES
(201
1)
Not
es: E
TH (E
thio
pia)
, TIG
(Tig
ray
regi
onal
sta
te),
AFR
(Afa
r re
gion
al s
tate
), AM
H (A
mha
ra r
egio
nal s
tate
), O
RM (O
rom
ia r
egio
nal s
tate
), SO
M (S
omal
i reg
iona
l sta
te),
BNG
(Ben
shan
gul-G
umuz
reg
iona
l sta
te),
SNN
P (S
outh
ern
natio
ns, n
atio
nalit
ies,
and
peop
les
regi
onal
sta
te),
GAM
(Gam
bella
reg
iona
l sta
te),
HAR
(Har
ari r
egio
nal s
tate
), AD
D (A
ddis
Abab
a ci
ty a
dmin
istra
tion)
, and
DD
(Dir
e D
awa
city
cou
ncil)
.
13 Appendix
2
Appendix 133 Sensitivity analysis Table A4-Sensitivity of households’ welfare effects (selected simulations)
Source: CGE simulations Note: SIM0 (Base-run), SIM1 (all import substitution and export transformation elasticities increased by 25%)), SIM2 (all import substitution and export transformation elasticities decreased by 25%), SIM3 (all factor substitu-tion elasticities increased by 25%), SIM4 (all factor substitution elasticities decreased by 25%), SIM5 (all Frisch and income elasticities increased by 25%), and SIM6 (all Frisch and income elasticities decreased by 25%). The CGE results of different simulations in the text are robust to ±25% of the elasticities of factor substitution, import substitution, export transformation, income, and Frisch parameter (see Table 4.11). I present the case for households’ welfare effects for selected simulations in Table A4. Urban households’ welfare is slightly sensitive to many of the perturbations. Urban households are slightly better off (worse off) when elasticities are increased (decreased) by 25%
Household
Simulation
Sensitivity runs (% change)
SIM0 SIM1 SIM2 SIM3 SIM4 SIM5 SIM6
RURAL EPIC-PM -9.9 -9.8 -9.8 -10.0 -9.6 -9.6 -9.8
PAG2 -2.1 -2.1 -2.2 -2 -2.5 -2 -2.3
PAGGA -0.9 -0.9 -0.9 -0.8 -1.2 -0.9 -1.0
PAGSS -0.6 -0.6 -0.6 -0.5 -0.9 -0.6 -0.7
PAGF -1.3 -1.3 -1.3 -1.1 -1.7 -1.2 -1.4
PAGD -1.6 -1.6 -1.6 -1.4 -1.9 -1.5 -1.7
PAGS -1.9 -1.9 -2 -1.8 -2.3 -1.8 -2
PAGT -2.1 -2.1 -2.1 -1.9 -2.4 -2 -2.2
URBAN EPIC-PM -11.2 -9.4 -13.6 -10.6 -12.0 -8.4 -13.0
PAG2 1.6 1.4 1.7 1.3 2.2 1.1 2.1
PAGGA 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.0 1.0 0.3 0.8
PAGSS 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.3
PAGF 2.2 2.1 2.3 1.9 2.8 1.8 2.5
PAGD -0.1 -0.2 0.0 -0.4 0.5 -0.5 0.3
PAGS 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.7 1.6 0.5 1.4
PAGT 1.1 1.0 1.2 0.8 1.8 0.7 1.7
TOTAL EPIC-PM -10.2 -9.7 -10.7 -10.1 -10.2 -9.3 -10.6
PAG2 -1.2 -1.2 -1.2 -1.2 -1.4 -1.3 -1.2
PAGGA -0.6 -0.6 -0.6 -0.5 -0.7 -0.6 -0.6
PAGSS -0.4 -0.4 -0.4 -0.4 -0.5 -0.4 -0.4
PAGF -0.4 -0.4 -0.4 -0.4 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4
PAGD -1.2 -1.2 -1.2 -1.2 -1.3 -1.3 -1.2
PAGS -1.2 -1.2 -1.2 -1.2 -1.3 -1.3 -1.2
PAGT -1.3 -1.3 -1.3 -1.3 -1.4 -1.3 -1.3
134 Appendix compared to the base-run. Compared to other sensitivity runs, urban households’ welfare is relatively sensitive to income elasticities and Frisch parameter (SIM5 and SIM6). In contrast, relatively, rural households’ welfare effects are almost insensitive to ±25% of elasticities. This is expected as 40% of rural households’ consumption accrue to home commodities which will not directly respond to the market demand and supply shocks. Rural households’ welfare effects are relatively sensitivity to changes in elasticities of factor substitution (SIM3 and SIM4). In spite of these, however, one can see that the households’ welfare effects are generally robust to changes to elasticities. There is no major change to the rural and urban households’ welfare effects (across sensitivity simulations – SIM0 to SIM6) and in overall all rankings of adaptation finance schemes.
