10/2012 09/2014

Biannual

Review of

Research

Outputs and

Activities Department of Medical and

Sport Sciences

FACULTY OF HEALTH & SCIENCE

http://www.cumbria.ac.uk/

1

FOREWORD

As Head of Department, I am delighted to lead such an aspiring and research-

active team of academics. Across the academic years 2012-14, research and

broader scholarly activity within the Department has gathered further noteworthy

momentum. Six members of the Department were entered for the Research

Excellence Framework out of a total of 21 for the whole University. Active research

work has encompassed the areas of Medical Imaging, Active Ageing, Mental

Health & Exercise, applied, sport-specific areas such as coaching practice, coach

education and physical activity and health. This research has been underpinned by

the disciplines of Medical Imaging, Physiology, Biomechanics, Sociology,

Sociolinguistics, Cognitive and Social Psychology and Philosophy. There has, in this

period, been a particular upsurge in intra-departmental research projects, with a

large number of collaborations between colleagues being initiated, conducted and

completed. This internal research culture particularly in terms of collaborations

between more experienced research staff and colleagues newer to the process

has, notably, increased our peer-reviewed publications.

Staff members have, similarly, sustained and increased the output of high

calibre individual peer-reviewed work, and also collaborative research endeavour

with partners outside the Department itself, both within UoC and at other institutions.

Concurrently, colleagues have presented at a range of national and international

conferences, published in mainstream media and taken part in external examining,

PhD vivas and book-reviewing activities. This research activity is definitely inspiring

students, exemplified by the upsurge in the conversion of student dissertation work

into materials for submission to peer-reviewed journals and presentations at

conferences. Five final year sports students presented their work at the BASES

national student conference in spring 2014. In sum, the research culture within the

Department has developed significantly in the last two years and is well placed with

respect to both RDAP and REF. Congratulations to all those staff whose work is

contained in this report.

Timothy Barry, Head of the Department of Medical & Sport Sciences

2

CONTENTS

1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 4

2. Output Statistics ................................................................................................................... 6

3. Full Summary of Research Outputs ................................................................................... 7

A. Peer-Reviewed Research Papers ................................................................................. 7

A(i). Entries in Books of Abstracts .................................................................................. 13

B. Chapters in Books .......................................................................................................... 14

C. Other Peer Reviewed and Professional Publications ............................................... 15

D. Commissioned Research Reports ............................................................................... 16

E. Verbal Presentations at National and International Conferences ......................... 17

E(i). Keynote and Guest Talks ....................................................................................... 17

E(ii). Convenor-Chair-Presenter at Invited Oral Symposia ........................................ 18

E(iiI). Invited Oral Symposia ........................................................................................... 18

E(iV). Oral Communications ......................................................................................... 19

F. Poster Presentations at National and International Conferences .......................... 21

G. Research Papers Under Review as of 10/2014 ......................................................... 22

4. Active Ageing Research Group ...................................................................................... 25

5. Health & Social Care Evaluations ................................................................................... 29

6. Visual Expertise Medical Image Perception .................................................................. 32

7. Mental Health Research Group ...................................................................................... 36

6. Selected Abstracts ............................................................................................................ 37

7. Directory of DMSS Core Research Contacts ................................................................. 53

A. DMSS Management Team ........................................................................................... 53

Tim Barry, MSc. ................................................................................................................ 53

Dr. Xavier Sanchez ......................................................................................................... 53

Charles Sloane, MSc. ..................................................................................................... 53

B. DMSS Research Coordinators ...................................................................................... 54

3

Dr. Tim Donovan ............................................................................................................. 54

Dr. Paul K. Miller .............................................................................................................. 54

C. Active Ageing Research Group (AARG) ................................................................... 54

Theodoros M. Bampouras, MSc. ................................................................................... 54

Dr. Susan Dewhurst ......................................................................................................... 54

D. Health and Social Care Evaluations (HASCE) ........................................................... 55

Dr. Paul K. Miller .............................................................................................................. 55

E. Visual Expertise Medical Image Perception .............................................................. 55

Dr. Tim Donovan ............................................................................................................. 55

Dr. Peter Phillips ............................................................................................................... 55

F. Mental Health Research Group (MHRG) .................................................................... 56

Dr. Adam Benkwitz ......................................................................................................... 56

4

1. INTRODUCTION

Between September 2012 and September 2014, the Department of Medical and

Sport Sciences (henceforth DMSS) made great steps forward in terms of formal

research outputs. A perusal of this document will reveal disseminated work of local,

national and international relevance across a range of domains and approaches.

During this period, members of departmental staff have published research

findings in high-quality peer-reviewed journals, edited books and a number of other

forums. This has been accompanied by professionally-oriented publications, geared

towards formal practice-development, commissioned evaluation reports, and a

plethora of conference presentations. This work has also inhabited a broad cross-

section of academic disciplines: anatomy, biomechanics, community development

studies, communication and linguistics, medical physics, physiology, psychology,

radiation protection, radiography, social policy and sociology to name but a few.

Moreover, and as illustrated in more detail in section 3, the last two years have also

been distinctive in the increased involvement of undergraduate and postgraduate

students in departmental research culture, with students own findings being

presented at national and international conferences, and published in a variety of

journals.

In more specialist domains of activity, Section 4 summarises the recent

activities of the Vice Chancellors Award-winning Active Ageing Research Group

(AARG), led by Dr. Susan Dewhurst and Theodoros M. Bampouras. The prolific

success of the AARG in publication, public engagement, grant-winning and

scholarship production is a model for practical, contemporary research hubs within

the University and one of the DMSSs major success stories of the last two years.

Section 5, meanwhile, provides a brief overview of the progress of HASCE, the unit

for Health and Social Care Evaluations, of which Dr. Paul Miller is the academic lead

and has involved of a number of departmental staff. Occupying a different sector of

the academic sphere to AARG, HASCE utilises social scientific research models to

provide client-oriented evaluations of the impacts of professional interventions and

initiatives in the broad healthcare sector, and has to date worked with a range of

clients in the North West, winning numerous contracts.

5

In Section 6, the ongoing success of the Visual Expertise Medical Image

Perception research group is summarised, wherein Dr. Tim Donovan and Dr. Peter

Phillips, in conjunction with researchers at Lancaster University, have continued to

publish high-impact work on the understanding of human expertise, and in particular

visual expertise, in radiology. Finally, in Section 7, a brief report is given on the

fledgling cross-departmental Mental Health Research Group (MHRG), led by Dr.

Adam Benkwitz.

It the manifest aim of the DMSS that the level of involvements in research at

all levels in 2012-2014, and demonstrable success and productivity, will be

maintained and, ideally, advanced over the next two years.

Dr. Paul K. Miller, DMSS Research Coordinator

6

2. OUTPUT STATISTICS

The raw statistics outlined below relate to all outputs from current departmental staff

emergent between the beginning of 09/2012 and the end of 09/2014. This includes

outputs from current staff while at previous institutions (see section 3 for a breakdown

in which such outputs are explicitly marked), but also only counts outputs co-

authored by members of departmental staff once.

Output Format Number of Outputs

A. Peer-Reviewed Research Papers 49

B. Chapters in Books 9

C. Other Peer Reviewed and Professional Publications 14

D. Commissioned Research Reports 8

E. Verbal Presentations at National and International

Conferences

31

F. Poster Presentations at National and International

Conferences

13

G. Research Papers Under Review as of 10/2014 19

TOTAL 143

7

3. FULL SUMMARY OF

RESEARCH OUTPUTS

Below is a full summary of research outputs produced by departmental staff during

the two previous academic years (2012-2013 and 2013-2014). All papers (a)

published, (b) in press, (c) in iFirst (or equivalent) release, or (d) formally accepted for

publication during this period are included herein, to facilitate longitudinal tracking.

For ease of reading, all papers not yet in final published form are labelled

forthcoming.

Reflecting the developing role of undergraduate and postgraduate students

in the research portfolio, a superscript S adjacent to an authors name (e.g.

SMerritt, L.H.) designates past or present departmental student status. Also, as a

record of individual staff research excellence, the report also contains work

completed by newer staff under the auspices of previous employers; these cases

are noted throughout as follows: 1 Work conducted under the auspices of the

University of Groningen, The Netherlands; 2 Work conducted under the auspices of

Lancaster University, UK.

A. PEER-REVIEWED RESEARCH PAPERS

Bampouras, T.M., & Esformes, J.I. (Forthcoming). Bodyweight squats can acutely

enhance jumping performance: a pilot study. Serbian Journal of Sports Sciences.

Bampouras, T., Marrin, K., Sankey, S., & Jones, P. (2014). Test-retest reliability and

sensitivity of the Concept2 Dyno dynamometer: practical applications. Journal

of Strength and Conditioning Research, 28(5), 1381-1385.

doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000000269.

8

Bampouras, T.M., Relph, N.S., Orme, D., & Esformes, J.I. (2013). Validity and

reliability of the Myotest Pro wireless accelerometer in squat jumps. Isokinetics &

Exercise Science, 21(2), 101-105. doi: 10.3233/IES-130484

Bampouras, T.M., Reeves, N.D., Baltzopoulos, V., Jones, D. A., & Maganaris, C.N.

(2012). Is maximum stimulation intensity required in the assessment of muscle

activation capacity? Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 22873-877.

doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2012.02.018

Benkwitz, A., & Molnar, G. (Forthcoming). The emergence and development of

football in Birmingham, 1850-1914. Soccer and Society.

Bolton, G.C. & Cox, D.L. (2014). Survey of UK sonographers on the prevention of

work related muscular skeletal disorder (WRMSD). Journal of Clinical Ultrasound.

doi: 10.1002/jcu.22216.

Booth L., & Kada, S. (Forthcoming). Student radiographers' attitudes toward the

older patient: An intervention study. Radiography. doi: 10.1016/j.radi.2014.09.010

Booth L., & Bell L. (2013). Screening for claustrophobia in MRI: A pilot study.

European Scientific Journal, 9(18). eISSN: 1857-7431.

Booth L., & Parr J. (2013). Student radiographers personality: Constant or

individual differences in change? A Transactional Analysis approach. European

Scientific Journal, 9(24). eISSN: 1857-7431.

Cole, P. et al. (inc. Marsh, A.). (2014). Developing the radiation protection safety

culture in the UK. Journal of Radiological Protection, 34, 469484. doi:

10.1088/0952-4746/34/2/469.

Cronin, C., & Armour, K.M. (2013). Lived experience and community sport

coaching: A phenomenological investigation. Sport, Education and Society. doi:

10.1080/13573322.2013.858625

Davis, Anne E., et al. (inc. Donovan, T.). (2014). Observational study of regional

aortic size referenced to body size: production of a cardiovascular magnetic

resonance nomogram. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, 16(9).

doi:10.1186/1532-429X-16-9.

9

Devine, C. (2013). London 2012 Olympic legacy: a big sporting society?

International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics. 5(2), 257-279. doi:

10.1080/19406940.2012.656674.

Dewhurst, S., Peacock, L., & Bampouras, T. (Forthcoming). Postural stability of

older female Scottish country dancers in comparison to physically active

controls. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity.

Dewhurst, S., & Bampouras, T.M. (2014). Intra-day reliability and sensitivity of four

functional ability tests in older females. American Journal of Physical Medicine

and Rehabilitation, 93(8), 703-707. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000000078.

Dewhurst, S., Bargh, M., 1Davidson, C., & Bampouras, T.M. (2014). Loaded and

unloaded marching: implications for fluid replacement. The Open Sports

Sciences Journal, 7, 16-21. doi: 10.2174/1875399X01407010016.

Dewhurst, S., Nelson, N., Dougall, P., & Bampouras, T.M. (2014). Scottish country

dance: benefits to functional ability in older women. Journal of Aging and

Physical Activity, 22(1), 146-153. doi:10.1123/japa.2012-0234.

Donovan, T., Crawford, T.J., & Litchfield, D. (2012). Negative priming for target

selection with saccadic eye movements. Experimental Brain Research, 222(4),

483-494. doi: 10.1007/s00221-012-3234-1.

Donovan, T., & Litchfield, D. (2013). Looking for cancer: Expertise related

differences in searching and decision making. Applied Cognitive Psychology,

27(1), 43-49. doi: 10.1002/acp.2869.

Elliott, D., & Hoyle, K. (2014). An examination of barriers to physical education for

Christian and Muslim girls attending comprehensive secondary schools in the UK.

European Physical Education Review, 20(3), 349-366. doi:

10.1177/1356336X14534358.

Elliott, D., & Sander, L. (Forthcoming). The effects of relaxing music for anxiety

control on the intensity and directional aspects of competitive state anxiety.

International Journal of Sport Psychology.

10

Esformes, J., & Bampouras, T. (2013). Effect of back squat depth on lower-body

postactivation potentiation. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research,

27(11), 2997-3000. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e31828d4465

Espana-Romero, V., Jensen, R.L., 1Sanchez, X., Ostrowski, M.L., Szekely, J.E., &

Watts, P.B. (2012). Physiological responses in rock climbing with repeated ascents

over a 10-week period. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 112, 821828.

Hatzigeorgiadis, A., Morela, E., Elbe, A-M, Kouli, O., & 1Sanchez, X. (2013). The

integrative role of sport in multicultural societies. European Psychologist, 18, 191

202.

Helbren, E., Halligan S., Phillips, P., Boone, D., Fanshawe, T.R., Taylor, S.A.,

Manning, D., Gale, A., Altman, D.G., & Mallett, S. (2014). Towards a framework for

analysis of eye-tracking studies in the three dimensional environment: a study of

visual search by experienced readers of endoluminal CT colonography. British

Journal of Radiology, 87(1037). doi: 10.1259/bjr.20130614.

Henderson D., Gray W., & Booth, L. (2012). The effectiveness of a reporting

radiographer-led discharge system for minor injuries: A prospective audit over

two years. Emergency Medicine Journal, 30(4), 298-302. doi: 10.1136/erermed-

2011-200642.

Jones, P.A., Bampouras, T.M., & Comfort, P. (2013). A review of complex and

contrast training: Implications for current practice. Part 2. Professional Strength

and Conditioning, 30, 27-30.

Jones, P.A., Bampouras, T.M., Comfort, P. (2013). A review of complex and

contrast training: Implications for current practice. Part 1. Professional Strength

and Conditioning, 29, 11-20.

Lovell, R., Midgley, A., Barrett, S., Carter, D., & Small, K. (2013). Effects of different

half-time strategies on second half soccer-specific speed, power and dynamic

strength. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sport, 23(1), 105-113.

doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2011.01353.x.

Mallett, S., Phillips, P., Fanshawe, T.R., Helbren, E., Boone, D., Gale, A., Taylor, S.A.,

Manning, D., Altman, D.G., & Halligan S. (Forthcoming). Tracking eye gaze during

11

interpretation of endoluminal three-dimensional ct colonography: Visual

perception of experienced and inexperienced readers. Radiology.

Miller, P.K., & Grimwood, T. (Forthcoming). Mountains, cones and dilemmas of

context: The case of ordinary language in philosophical and social scientific

method. Philosophy of the Social Sciences.

Miller, P.K. (2014). Depression, sense and sensitivity: On pre-diagnostic questioning

about self-harm and suicidal inclination in the primary care consultation.

Communication and Medicine, 10(1), 39-51. doi: 10.1558/cam.v10i1.37.

Miller, P.K., & Cronin, C. (2013). Rethinking the factuality of contextual factors in

an ethnomethodological mode: Towards a reflexive understanding of action-

context dynamism in the theorisation of coaching. Sports Coaching Review, 1(2),

106-123. doi: 10.1080/21640629.2013.790166.

Miller, P.K., (2012). Arsne didnt see it: Coaching, research and the promise of a

discursive psychology. International Journal of Sports Science and Coaching,

7(4), 615-628. doi: 10.1260/1747-9541.7.4.615.

Morela, E., Hatzigeorgiadis, A., Kouli, O., Elbe, A-M, & 1Sanchez, X. (2013). Team

cohesion and ethnic-cultural identity in adolescent migrant athletes.

International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 37, 643647.

Murray, A.W., Barnfield, M.C., & Thorley, P.J. (2014). Optimal uniformity index

selection and acquisition counts for daily gamma camera quality control.

Nuclear Medicine Communications, 35, 1011-1017. doi:

10.1097/MNM.0000000000000167.

Murray, A.W., Lawson, R.S., Cade, S.C., Hall, D.O., Kenny, B., O'Shaughnessy, E.,

Taylor, J., Towey, D., White, D., & Carson, K. (2014). UK audit of glomerular filtration

rate measurement from plasma sampling in 2013. Nuclear Medicine

Communications.

2Parker, A.J., Boxall, C., & Joyce, M.J. (2014). A phantom for the electrokinetic

decontamination of entrained radioactivity within concrete media. Journal of

Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry. 300(2), 769-777. doi: 10.1007/s10967-014-

3015-3.

12

2Parker, A.J., Dickinson, J.W., Boxall, C., & Joyce, M.J. (2013). An electrochemical

method for the production of graphite oxide. Electrochemistry Society

Transactions, 53(14), 23-32. doi: 10.1149/05314.0023ecst.

2Parker, A.J., Boxall, C., Joyce, M.J., & Schotanus, P. (2013). A thallium-doped

sodium iodide well counter for radioactive tracer applications with naturally-

abundant 40K. Nuclear Instrumentation and Methods in Physics Research A, 722,

5-10. doi: 10.1016/j.nima.2013.04.034.

2Parker, A.J., Boxall, C., & Joyce, M.J. (2013). A method for the replacement of

137CS with 40K as a non-hazardous radioactive tracer for open-source

decommissioning research applications. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear

Chemistry, 295(2), 797-802. doi: 10.1007/s10967-013-2423-0.

Phillips, P., Boone, D., Mallett, S., Taylor, S.A., Altman, D.G., Manning, D., Gale, A.,

& Halligan, S. (2013). Method for tracking eye gaze during interpretation of

endoluminal 3D CT colonography: technical description and proposed metrics

for analysis. Radiology, 267(3), 924-31. doi: 10.1148/radiol.12120062.

Relph, N. & Herrington. L. (Forthcoming). Inter-examiner, intra-examiner and test-

retest reliability of clinical knee joint position sense measurements using an image

capture technique. The Journal of Sport Rehabilitation.

Relph, N.S., & Herrington, L. (Forthcoming). Criterion-related validity of knee joint

position sense measurement using image capture and isokinetic dynamometry.

The Journal of Sport Rehabilitation.

Relph, N.S., Herrington, L., & Tyson, S. (2014). The effect of ACL injury on knee

proprioception: A meta- analysis. Physiotherapy, 100(3), 187-195. doi:

10.1016/j.physio.2013.11.002.

1Sanchez, X., Moss, S.L., Twist, C., & Karageorghis, C.I. (2014). On the role of lyrics

in the music-exercise performance relationship. Psychology of Sport and Exercise,

15, 132138.

1Sanchez, X., Lambert, P.H., Jones, G., & Llewellyn, D.J. (2012). Efficacy of pre-

ascent climbing route visual inspection in indoor sport climbing. Scandinavian

Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 22, 6772.

13

A(I). ENTRIES IN BOOKS OF ABSTRACTS

Donovan, T., & Litchfield, D. (2013). Rapid processing of chest radiographs by

experts: Insights gained with the flash-preview moving window paradigm. In K.

Holmqvist, F. Mulvey & R. Johansson (Eds.), Book of Abstracts of the 17th

European Conference on Eye Movements (11-16 August 2013, Lund, Sweden).

Journal of Eye Movement Research, 6(3), 242.

Elbe, A.-M., 1Sanchez, X., Ries, F., Kouli, O., Pappous, A., & Hatzigeorgiadis, A.

(2012). The integrative role of sport in multicultural groups: personal, motivational

and team factors. In R. Meeusen, J. Duchateau, B. Roelands, M. Klass, B. De

Geus, S. Baudry & E. Tsolakidis. 17th annual Congress of the ECSS Book of

Abstracts (p. 496). European College of Sport Science.

Hatzigeorgiadis, A., Kouli, O., Elbe, A.-M., Ries, F., Pappous, A., & 1Sanchez, X.

(2012). Ethnic and cultural identity: a working framework for the integrative role of

sport. In R. Meeusen, J. Duchateau, B. Roelands, M. Klass, B. De Geus, S. Baudry &

E. Tsolakidis. 17th Annual Congress of the ECSS Book of Abstracts (p. 496).

European College of Sport Science.

Litchfield, D., & Donovan, T. (2013). To what extent does target/scene

expectations influence search behaviour using the flash-preview moving

window? In K. Holmqvist, F. Mulvey & R. Johansson (Eds.), Book of Abstracts of

the 17th European Conference on Eye Movements, 11-16 August 2013, in Lund,

Sweden. Journal of Eye Movement Research, 6(3), 155.

Pappous, A., Ries, F., Stathi, S., Kouli, O., Elbe, A.-M., 1Sanchez, X., &

Hatzigeorgiadis, A. (2012). Improving intergroup relations in young athletes from

different ethnic and cultural backgrounds: towards the development of an

intervention program. In R. Meeusen, J. Duchateau, B. Roelands, M. Klass, B. De

Geus, S. Baudry & E. Tsolakidis. 17th annual Congress of the ECSS Book of

Abstracts (pp. 496-497). European College of Sport Science.

1Sanchez, X. (2012). Sport Psychology Delivery Services to Olympic Taekwondo. In

R. Meeusen, J. Duchateau, B. Roelands, M. Klass, B. De Geus, S. Baudry & E.

Tsolakidis. 17th annual Congress of the ECSS Book of Abstracts (p. 66). European

College of Sport Science.

14

B. CHAPTERS IN BOOKS

1. Benkwitz, A. (Forthcoming). The perils of ethnography: Studying football fan rivalry

in Birmingham. In Purdy, L., & Molnar, G. (Eds.). Ethnographies in Sport and

Exercise Research. London, Routledge.

2. Devine, C., Telfer, H., & Knowles, Z. (Forthcoming). Philosophy of practice and

practice conflict: coaching dilemmas and the performance spectrum. In Lyle, J.

& Wallis, J. (Eds.) Becoming a sports coach.

3. Devine, C., (2014). London 2012 legacy: A big sporting society? In Grix, J. &

Phillpots, L. (Eds.). Understanding Sport Policy in Context. London: Routledge.

4. Devine, C., & Telfer, H., (2013). Why are sport and physical education valuable?

In Whitehead, J., Telfer, H., & Lambert, J. (Eds.) Values in Youth Sport and Physical

Education. London: Routledge.

5. Grimwood, T., & Miller, P.K. (Forthcoming). Darkness visible: The motifs of heroic

insanity in video games. In Making Sense of Madness. Oxford: ID Press. (Eds. TBC).

6. Grimwood, T., & Miller, P.K. (2014). How to do things without words. In B. Garvey

(Ed.), JL Austin and Language. London: Palgrave MacMillan, pp.70-85. doi:

10.1057/9781137329998.0011.

7. Henwood, S., & Booth L. (2014). Models of communication excellence. In

Henwood, S. (Ed.) Practical Leadership in Nursing and Health Care: A multi-

professional approach. London: Taylor & Francis, pp.53-68. doi: 10.1201/b166295.

8. Lohkamp, M., Herrington, L., & Small, K. (2014). Neurodynamics. In Porter, S. (Ed.),

Tidys Physiotherapy. London: Churchill Livingston, pp.561-577. doi: 10.1016/B978-

0-7020-4344-4.00025-0.

9. Polman, R., Borkoles, E., & 1Sanchez, X. (Forthcoming). Social Sport and Exercise

Psychology. In L. Steg, K.E. Keizer, and A.P. Buunk (Eds.), Applied Social

Psychology: Understanding and Managing Social Problems (2nd edition).

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

15

C. OTHER PEER REVIEWED AND PROFESSIONAL

PUBLICATIONS

1. Bampouras, T.M. (Forthcoming). A critique on measuring reliability of an

accuracy test: Letter to the Editor. Journal of Strength and Conditioning

Research.

2. Benkwitz, A. (Forthcoming). Brief encounters with qualitative methods in health

research: Ethnography. Cumbria Partnership Journal of Research, Practice and

Learning.

3. Cronin, C. & Lowes, J. (Forthcoming). Brief encounters with qualitative methods in

health research: Phenomenology. Cumbria Partnership Journal of Research,

Practice and Learning.

4. Holmes, K., Elkington, M., & Harris, P. (2013). Clark's Essential Physics in Imaging for

Radiographers. London: CRC Press.

5. sMerritt, L.H., & Miller, P.K. (2014). Anxiety, physical activity and public

performance: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of amateur

gymnasts competition experiences. Cumbria Partnership Journal of Research,

Practice and Learning, 4(1), 12-17.

6. Miller, P.K. (Forthcoming). Brief encounters with qualitative methods in health

research: Conversation Analysis. Cumbria Partnership Journal of Research,

Practice and Learning.

7. Miller, P.K., Relph, N.S., Grimwood, T. & Crooks, E. (Forthcoming). Evaluating the

upskilling impacts of management and leadership training initiatives in the

healthcare domain: Quantitative findings from a regional NHS programme.

Cumbria Partnership Journal of Research, Practice and Learning.

8. Miller, P.K., Wilson, N., Dickson, A., & Gaffney, J. C. (2014). Targeted Mental

Health in Schools: Confidence-building among school staff as a latent systemic

impact of the Cumbrian initiative. Cumbria Partnership Journal of Research,

Practice and Learning. 4(1), 22-28.

9. Miller, P.K., Wilson, N., Dickson, A., & Gaffney, J. C. (2013). Implication pitfalls for

targeted mental health in schools: Evidence from a qualitative evaluation of the

16

Cumbrian programme. Cumbria Partnership Journal of Research, Practice and

Learning, 3(1), 41-46.

10. Miller, P.K. (2012). Review - Race, sport and politics: The sporting black diaspora.

The International Journal of the History of Sport, 29(18), 2610-2612. doi:

10.1080/09523367.2012.747247.

11. Murray, A.W. (Forthcoming). Editorial: Nuclear Medicine Software - nothings

perfect. Nuclear Medicine Communications.

12. Rowe, L. (Forthcoming). Brief encounters with qualitative methods in health

research: Narrative Analysis. Cumbria Partnership Journal of Research, Practice

and Learning.

13. sWard, R. L., & Miller, P.K. (2013). Depression, physical activity and mental health:

An interpretative phenomenological analysis of general practitioners

experiences of exercise referral schemes in the North West. Cumbria Partnership

Journal of Research, Practice and Learning, 3(1), 13-19.

14. Whitley, S.A., Jefferson, G., Holmes, K., Sloane, C., Anderson, C. & Hoadley, C.

(forthcoming). Clark's Positioning in Radiography 13E. London: CRC Press.

D. COMMISSIONED RESEARCH REPORTS

1. Bampouras, T.M., & Dewhurst, S. (2013). Reception class measurements 2013:

Data analysis. Research commissioned by the Directorate of Public Health, Isle of

Man. (5 pages).

2. Grimwood, T. & Miller, P.K. (2014). Healthier People First: Project Evaluation.

Research commissioned by People First Cumbria & the Big Lottery Fund. (27

pages).

3. Miller, P.K., Brownrigg, S., Grimwood, T., & Bargh, M. (2014). Learning Leaders II: A

Multi-Method Evaluation. Research commissioned by Cumbria Partnership NHS

Trust. (109 pages).

4. Brownrigg, S., Miller, P.K., & Grimwood, T. (2013). Senior Clinicians Role Profiling: A

Qualitative Evaluation. Research commissioned by Cumbria Partnership NHS

Trust. (54 pages).

17

5. Miller, P.K., Bargh, M., Relph, N.S., & Grimwood, T. (2013). Leadership

Development Programme: A Multi-Method Evaluation. Research commissioned

by Cumbria Partnership NHS Trust. (143 pages)

6. Miller, P.K., Grimwood, T., Bargh, M., & Relph, N.S. (2013). Learning Leaders: A

Multi-Method Evaluation. Research commissioned by Cumbria Partnership NHS

Trust. (146 pages).

7. Miller, P.K., Relph, N.S., Grimwood, T., & Bargh, M. (2013). Foundation in

Management and Leadership: A Multi-Method Evaluation. Research

commissioned by Cumbria Partnership NHS Trust. (156 pages).

8. Miller, P.K., Grimwood, T., Relph, N.S., & Bargh, M. (2012). Foundation in

Management and Leadership Programme: A Statistical Cohort Evaluation.

Research commissioned by Cumbria Partnership NHS Trust. (68 pages).

E. VERBAL PRESENTATIONS AT NATIONAL AND

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES

E(I). KEYNOTE AND GUEST TALKS

1. 1Sanchez, X. (2014). Self-regulation and pressure sport performance: Research

findings and applied implications. @ENYSSP 10th International Conference,

Leipzig, Germany. Invited keynote.

2. 1Sanchez, X. (2012). Affective forecasting in sport retirement. @ACPE 30th

Anniversary Conference: Esport, Emocions i Salut. Catalan Society of Sport

Psychology. Invited Keynote.

3. 1Sanchez, X. (2012). Tactics and strategies in sport performance: Two examples.

@VVSP 25 Year Congress. Days of Fundamentals in Sport Psychology. Book of

Abstracts (pp. 25-26). Flemish Association of Sport Psychology. Guest talk.

4. 1Sanchez, X. (2014). Sport Psychology as an Applied Science: Examining Sport

Climbing Performance within a Psychological Perspective. @Research and

practice in the field of sport psychology, Performance Psychology Symposium.

18

Saxion University of Applied Sciences, The Netherlands. Invited Keynote.

5. 1Sanchez, X. (2014). Performing well when it really matters! @Sessions for Elite

Coaches, InnoSportLab Papendal. Dutch Olympic Committee, Netherlands.

Invited guest talk.

E(II). CONVENOR-CHAIR-PRESENTER AT INVITED ORAL SYMPOSIA

6. 1Sanchez, X. (2012). Sport Psychology: Research and Practice to the Service of

Sport Performance. @ The VIP English Lecture, University of Groningen.

Groningen, The Netherlands.

7. 1Sanchez, X. (2012). Performance under pressure. @Symposium Sport & Prestatie

of the official opening of Sport Science Institute Groningen (SSIG). Groningen, The

Netherlands.

8. 1Sanchez, X. (2014). Fully-funded Pre-conference Workshop in Publishing.

@European College of Sport Sciences Congress. Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

9. 1Sanchez, X. (2014). Knowing what we want tomorrow in order to prepare for it

today: Career development and transitions of talented, elite and retired athletes.

@19th Annual Congress of European College of Sport Sciences (ECSS),

Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

10. 1Sanchez, X. (2014). Pressure performance in different contexts. @28th

International Congress of Applied Psychology (ICAP), Paris, France.

11. 1Sanchez, X. (2014). FEPSAC symposium: Applied Sport Psychology in Europe.

@28th International Congress of Applied Psychology (ICAP), Paris, France.

12. 1Sanchez, X. (2014). Addressing the gap between what we know and what we

do to get our athletes to perform well when it really matters. @ The Dutch Society

of Sport Psychology (VSPN) yearly meeting. Hilversum, The Netherlands. Invited

seminar.

E(III). INVITED ORAL SYMPOSIA

13. Bampouras, T.M. Exercise in renal patients. @Renal Continuing Medical Education

Programme, Royal Preston Hospital, Preston, UK, September 15th 2014. Invited

Speaker.

19

14. Booth L. Understanding radiographer communication. @Nordic Congress,

Bergen, Norway, 22nd-24th May 2013.

15. 1Sanchez, X. (2012). Getting started in applied sport psychology.

@Postacademische Opleiding tot Praktijksportpsycholoog (POPS) Workshop. Free

University Amsterdam. Invited talk.

E(IV). ORAL COMMUNICATIONS

16. Benkwitz, A. Reflecting on the benefits and perils of ethnography. @4th Annual

Qualitative Research in Sport and Exercise Science Conference, Loughborough

University, 1st-3rd September 2014.

17. Benkwitz, A. Conflict and rivalry between football fans in the city of birmingham:

using ethnography to explore territoriality. @Etnografia e Ricerca Qualitativa,

University of Bergamo, Italy, 5th-7th June 2014.

18. Benkwitz, A. Football fan rivalry in Birmingham. Tri-University Symposium on

Conflict Studies, University of Salford, 25th April 2013.

19. Cronin, C., sBaker, G., & Miller, P.K. Talent identification in English youth soccer:

exploring the lived experiences of professional gatekeeper coaches. @4th

Annual Qualitative Research in Sport and Exercise Science Conference,

Loughborough University, September 2014.

20. Devine, C. Sport sex and money: voice, choice and distributive justice in England

Scotland and Wales. @Sporting Females: Part Present and Future, Leeds

Metropolitan University, September 2014.

21. Devine, C. Virtuoso coaching and the common good. @International Association

for the Philosophy of Sport Annual Conference, Porto, Portugal, September 2012.

22. Grimwood, T. & Miller, P.K. (2013). Darkness, tentacles and the monstrous double:

The cultural motifs of heroic insanity. @6th Global Conference, Making

Sense of Madness, Oxford University, September 17th- 19th 2013.

23. sLucas, A., Dewhurst, S., & Bampouras, T.M. A kinetic and kinematic analysis of

conventional and suspended push-ups. @British Association of Sports and

Exercise Sciences Student Conference, Cardiff, UK, March 27th 2013.

20

24. sLyons, P., & Bampouras, T.M. Effect of rowing intensity and muscle imbalances on

spinal flexion in well-trained rowers. @British Association of Sports and Exercise

Sciences Student Conference, Portsmouth University, UK, April 8th 2014.

25. 2Parker, A.J., Boxall, C., & Joyce, M.J., An evaluation of electrokinetic transport of

radioactive species through concrete for application as a non-destructive in situ

remediation technique. @14102, WM2014 Symposia, University of Phoenix, 4th

March 2014.

26. 2Parker, A.J., Boxall, C., & Joyce, M.J. The transport of cations through a concrete

disk using an electrokinetic method for nuclear decommissioning research.

@Nuclear Decommissioning Authority PhD Workshop, University of Manchester,

20th January 2013.

27. Pelka, M., & 1Sanchez, X. Selbstregulation und Torwartleistung im

Elfmeterschieen. In O. Gntrkn (Hrsg.), Die Vielfalt der Psychologie,

Abstractband zum 49. German Society of Psychology Congress (S. 314).

Lengerich: Pabst Science Publishers.

28. Pelka, M., & 1Sanchez, X. Regulatory focus in a football penalty shoot-out. In O.

Stoll, A. Lau & S. Moczall (Eds.), Angewandte Sportpsychologie, Abstractband zur

45. German Society of Sport Psychology Congress (p. 130). Hamburg, Czwalina.

29. Rowe, L. The client-practitioner relationship in health-related physical activity

settings: An exploratory investigation. @British Association of Sport and Exercise

Sciences Annual Conference, University of Central Lancashire, 3rd 5th

September 2013.

30. Ruggiero, L., Dewhurst, S., & Bampouras, T.M. Validity, reliability and sensitivity of

two commercially available leg stiffness measurement devices. @British

Association of Sports and Exercise Sciences Student Conference, Cardiff, UK,

March 27th 2013.

31. 1Sanchez, X., Pletzer, J.L., & Scheibe, S. (2014). Reaching topsport level: Is it all

about having a thicker skin or better regulation skills? @British Association of Sports

and Exercise Sciences Conference, St Georges Park, UK, November 26th 2014.

21

F. POSTER PRESENTATIONS AT NATIONAL AND

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES

1. Bampouras, T.M., & Dewhurst, S. (Accepted). Carrying shopping bags poses no

additional fall risk to healthy older females as assessed by gait. @British

Association of Sports and Exercise Sciences Conference, St Georges Park, UK,

November 26th 2014.

2. Campo, M., Louvet, B., Ad, D., Ferrand, C., Rguer, D., Dosseville, F., Nicolas, M.,

Martinent, G., 1Sanchez, X., & Hagger M. (2014). Promoting activity in the elderly:

The PAPS project. @5th International Congress of the French Society Sport

Psychology (SFPS), Nice, France.

3. sCrolla, T., Bampouras, T.M., & Dewhurst, S. Altered temperature affects rate of

force development but not leg stiffness. @British Association of Sports and

Exercise Sciences Student Conference, Portsmouth, UK, April 8th 2014.

4. Cronin, C. Working with real kids: How do novice coaches experience early

coaching activities? @British Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences Annual

Conference, University of Central Lancashire, September 2014.

5. Dewhurst, S., & Bampouras, T.M. Carrying shopping bags poses no additional fall

risk to healthy older females as assessed by static and dynamic stability. @British

Association of Sports and Exercise Sciences Conference, St Georges Park, UK,

November 26th 2014.

6. sDownham, L.M. & Miller, P.K. Instilling player confidence: an interpretative

phenomenological analysis of football coaches confidence-raising methods.

@British Association of Sports and Exercise Sciences Student Conference, Cardiff

Metropolitan University, March 26th-27th 2013.

7. sMaslivec, A.S., Bampouras, T.M., & Dewhurst, S. Passive movement training

improves one legged stance but no other measure of functional ability in older

females. @British Association of Sports and Exercise Sciences Conference, St

Georges Park, UK, November 26th 2014.

8. sMaslivec, A.S., Bampouras, T.M., & Dewhurst, S. Motorcise gym improves balance

but no other component of functional fitness in older women (60 + years). @British

22

Association of Sports and Exercise Sciences Student Conference, Cardiff

Metropolitan University, March 26th-27th 2013.

9. sMerritt, L.H. & Miller, P.K. (2013). Stress, anxiety and experience among amateur

gymnasts: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. @British Association of

Sports and Exercise Sciences Student Conference, Cardiff Metropolitan University,

March 26th-27th 2013.

10. 2Parker, A.J., Boxall, C., & Joyce, A NaI(Tl) scintillator for in situ environmental

studies and laboratory detection measurements of aqueous potassium chloride.

@M.J.IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference,

Anaheim, California, 29th October-3rd November 2012

11. 2Parker, A.J., Boxall, C., & Joyce, M.J. The transport of cations through a concrete

disk using an electrokinetic method for nuclear decommissioning research.

@Nuclear Decommissioning Authority PhD Workshop, University of Manchester,

20th January 2013.

12. sSkett, A., & Bampouras, T.M. Effect of inter-set stretching on explosive bench

press performance. @British Association of Sports and Exercise Sciences Student

Conference, Portsmouth, UK, April 8th 2014.

13. sThomas, N., Dewhurst, S., & Bampouras, T.M. Fatigue induces region-specific

alterations of human gastrocnemius medialis fascicle characteristics. @British

Association of Sports and Exercise Sciences Student Conference, Portsmouth, UK,

April 8th 2014.

G. RESEARCH PAPERS UNDER REVIEW AS OF 10/2014

1. Bampouras, T.M., & Esformes, J.I. (Submitted). Effect of active versus passive rest

on upper and lower body post-activation potentiation. Journal of Strength and

Conditioning Research.

2. Benkwitz, A. (Submitted). A qualitative approach to mental health and physical

activity: a rationale for an ethnographic study. Mental Health and Physical

Activity.

23

3. Campo*, M., Sanchez, X. 1, Ferrand, C. Rosnet, E., Friesen, A., & Lane, A.

(Submitted). Interpersonal emotion regulation in team sport: A qualitative

examination in elite rugby.

4. Cronin, C., & Lowes, J. (Submitted). Moving beyond scenario-based coach

education; An action research project exploring the perceptions of

undergraduate sports coaching students of working with real kids. Physical

Education and Sport Pedagogy.

5. Cronin, C. (Submitted). Flipping the classroom through online lectures with

Undergraduate Sport Students. Journal of Learning Development in Higher

Education.

6. Devine, C. (Submitted). Sex, sport and justice: reframing the who of citizenship

and the what of justice in European and UK Sport Policy. Sport Education and

Society.

7. Elliott, D., & Charlton, L. (Submitted). Can the exercise experience be enhanced

via the emotional contagion effect?

8. SGeorge, R., Miller, P.K., & Nicholson, S. (Submitted). Confidence-sourcing among

amateur soccer players: Interpreting time, place and stimulus-relevance.

Psychology of Sport & Exercise.

9. Helbren, E., Fanshawe, T.R., Phillips, P., Mallett, S., Boone, D., Gale, A., Altman,

D.G., Taylor, S.A., Manning, D. & Halligan S. (Submitted). The effect of computer-

aided detection markers on visual search and reader performance during

interpretation of ct colonography. European Radiology.

10. sMaslivec, A., Bampouras, T.M., & Dewhurst, S. (Submitted). Passive movement

training improves one legged stance but no other measure of functional ability in

older females. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity.

11. Meissner*, M., Cantell, M.H., Steiner, R., & 1Sanchez, X. Evaluating different yoga

practice regimes on emotional well-being in yoga practitioners.

12. Miller, P.K., Cronin, C. & SBaker, G., (Submitted). Nature, nurture and dubious

social skills: A phenomenological psychology of talent identification among

professional gatekeeper coaches working in elite English youth soccer.

Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health.

24

13. Miller, P.K., & Richardson, B.H. (Submitted). Depression, rational identity and the

educational imperative: Concordance-finding in stigmatised diagnostic

interaction. Sage Open.

14. Miller, P.K., Van Der Zee, S. & Relph, N.S. (Submitted). Pain, context and exercise

pedagogy: Attitudes towards reasonable pain tolerance in the grassroots

reproduction of a culture of risk. Journal of Pain.

15. Pletzer, J.L., 1Sanchez, X. & Scheibe, S. (Submitted). Practicing psychotherapists

are more skilled at down-regulating negative emotions than other professionals.

16. 1Sanchez, X., & Pelka, M. (Submitted). Self-regulation in football penalty shoot-out

goalkeeping.

17. 1Sanchez, X., Torregrosa, M., Llewellyn, D.J., & Woodman, T. (Submitted).

Identification of sport climbing performance predictors.

18. 1Sanchez, X., Torregrosa*, M., Stephan, Y., & Cruz, J. (Submitted). Retiring young:

Olympian experiences.

19. Thomas, N.M., Dewhurst, S., & Bampouras, T.M. (Submitted). Behaviour of human

gastrocnemius medialis muscle architecture following maximal isometric

fatiguing contractions. Journal of Biomechanics.

25

4. ACTIVE AGEING

RESEARCH GROUP

Group Leads

Dr. Susan Dewhurst

Theodoros M. Bampouras

Contributing DMSS Staff and Students

Dr. Tim Donovan

Amy Maslivec

Neil Thomas

The Active Ageing Research Group (AARG) in the University of Cumbria was

developed with the vision of investigating the effect of various interventions on

functional ability, independent living and mental wellbeing, identifying the more

effective ones and promoting them into future health schemes. Its aims are to work

in collaboration with the older individuals to develop research which can be readily

used and translated into practical applications on healthy ageing; in other words,

focusing on impact, without compromising scientific rigour. AARG has already

developed links with local agencies and has delivered lectures and discussion

forums on fall prevention to local community groups (including the Lancaster

Continuing Learning Group, the Lancaster and Morecambe University of the 3rd Age,

with a Lancaster Womens Institute talk to be scheduled later in the year). These

received extremely positive feedback, raised interest in the Groups research as well

as generated ideas of the issues faced in later life.

Progress so far:

Creation and establishment of AARG (web presence, e-mail address,

community links etc);

26

Successful recruitment of two PhD students, one internally and one externally

funded;

Collaboration within and outwith the University (e.g. external research grant

applications with Dr Tim Donovan, University of Cumbria and Prof Macaluso,

Dr Laudani, University of Rome Foro Italico; research collaboration with the

Lancashire and Cumbria Clinical Research Hub);

Promotion of the Group in the Media (Press and TV interviews);

Increase student awareness of AARG, its aims and research (through

integration of relevant research topics in modules, updates on AARGs news

and achievements etc);

Inclusion of other members of staff with relevant expertise and research

interests on various projects (e.g. Dr David Elliott).

In the news:

ITV News Border, 03/02/2014 interview;

BBC Radio Cumbria, 31/01/2014 Interview on Mike Zeller programme;

The Scotsman, 12/01/2014 Scottish dancing can help keep age at bay;

Scottish Mail on Sunday, 12/01/2014 Is the reel cure for old age?

International Publications:

Dewhurst, S., Peacock, L., & Bampouras, T.M. (Forthcoming). Postural stability of

older female Scottish country dancers in comparison to physically active

controls. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity.

Dewhurst S,, & Bampouras T.M. (2014). Intraday reliability and sensitivity of four

functional ability tests in older women. American Journal of Physical Medicine

and Rehabilitation, 93(8), 703-707. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000000078

Dewhurst, S., Nelson, N., Dougall, P., & Bampouras, T.M. (2014). Scottish country

dance: benefits to functional ability in older women. Journal of Aging and

Physical Activity, 22(1), 146-153. doi:10.1123/japa.2012-0234.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Dewhurst%20S%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=24658430http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Bampouras%20TM%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=24658430

27

Presentations:

Dewhurst, S., Bampouras, T.M., Kerns, J.G., & McLauchlan, G. Fall risk in

osteoporotic and osteopenic total hip and knee replacement patients.

@Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Research and Innovation

Showcase, Royal Preston Hospital, UK, November 21st 2014.

Bampouras, T.M., Thomas, N.M., Ahmed, A. Hill, H., Self-regulated intradialytic

exercise: a promising exercise approach in renal patients. @Lancashire Teaching

Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Research and Innovation Showcase, Royal Preston

Hospital, UK, November 21st 2014.

Bampouras, T.M. Exercise in renal patients. @Renal Continuing Medical Education

Programme, Royal Preston Hospital, Preston, UK, September 15th 2014. Invited

Speaker.

Bampouras, T.M., & Dewhurst, S. (Accepted). Carrying shopping bags poses no

additional fall risk to healthy older females as assessed by gait. @British

Association of Sports and Exercise Sciences Conference, St Georges Park, UK,

November 26th 2014.

Dewhurst, S., & Bampouras, T.M. Carrying shopping bags poses no additional fall

risk to healthy older females as assessed by static and dynamic stability. @British

Association of Sports and Exercise Sciences Conference, St Georges Park, UK,

November 26th 2014.

Maslivec, A.S., Bampouras, T.M., & Dewhurst, S. Passive movement training

improves one legged stance but no other measure of functional ability in older

females. @British Association of Sports and Exercise Sciences Conference, St

Georges Park, UK, November 26th 2014.

Maslivec, A.S., Bampouras, T.M., & Dewhurst, S. Motorcise gym improves balance

but no other component of functional fitness in older women (60 + years). @British

Association of Sports and Exercise Sciences Student Conference, Cardiff

Metropolitan University, March 26th-27th 2013.

28

Reports:

Bampouras, T.M., & Dewhurst, S. (2013). Reception class measurements 2013:

Data analysis. Research commissioned by the Directorate of Public Health, Isle of

Man. (5 pages).

For the latest news on AARG, see: http://www.cumbria.ac.uk/activeageing

http://www.cumbria.ac.uk/activeageing

29

5. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE

EVALUATIONS

Academic Lead

Dr. Paul K. Miller

Contributing DMSS Staff

Melissa J. Bargh

Adam Benkwitz

Sarah Benkwitz

Nicola S. Relph

Health and Social Care Evaluations (HASCE) at the University of Cumbria is now an

established facility providing evaluations for a range of organisations and agencies

delivering health and social care. Its defined areas of evaluative expertise include:

Health promotion programmes and campaigns;

Community health initiatives;

Leadership training in the caring professions;

Cross-profession interaction in health and social care;

Mental health improvement programmes in schools.

HASCE has, in the last two years, produced commissioned evaluation work for or is

presently engaged with - a number of bodies, including:

Cool4Life.

Cumbria Childrens Services.

Cumbria County Council.

Cumbria Learning and Improvement Collaborative (CLIC).

30

Cumbria Partnership NHS Trust.

Health Education North West.

Lancashire Sports Partnership.

MIND.

People First Cumbria / Big Lottery Fund.

HASCE is also developing a range of bespoke accredited training modules for

students, staff and partner bodies. These focus on the conceptual and practical skills

necessary for those wishing to undertake robust, ethical and meaningful evaluations

of their own.

Selected Reports:

Grimwood, T. & Miller, P.K. (2014). Healthier People First: Project Evaluation.

Research commissioned by People First Cumbria & the Big Lottery Fund. (27

pages).

Miller, P.K., Brownrigg, S., Grimwood, T., & Bargh, M. (2014). Learning Leaders II: A

Multi-Method Evaluation. Research commissioned by Cumbria Partnership NHS

Trust. (109 pages).

Brownrigg, S., Miller, P.K., & Grimwood, T. (2013). Senior Clinicians Role Profiling: A

Qualitative Evaluation. Research commissioned by Cumbria Partnership NHS

Trust. (54 pages).

Miller, P.K., Bargh, M., Relph, N.S., & Grimwood, T. (2013). Leadership

Development Programme: A Multi-Method Evaluation. Research commissioned

by Cumbria Partnership NHS Trust. (143 pages)

Miller, P.K., Relph, N.S., Grimwood, T., & Bargh, M. (2013). Foundation in

Management and Leadership: A Multi-Method Evaluation. Research

commissioned by Cumbria Partnership NHS Trust. (156 pages).

Miller, P.K., Grimwood, T., Relph, N.S., & Bargh, M. (2012). Foundation in

Management and Leadership Programme: A Statistical Cohort Evaluation.

Research commissioned by Cumbria Partnership NHS Trust. (68 pages).

31

Professional Publications:

Miller, P.K., Relph, N.S., Grimwood, T. & Crooks, E. (Forthcoming). Evaluating the

upskilling impacts of management and leadership training initiatives in the

healthcare domain: Quantitative findings from a regional NHS programme.

Cumbria Partnership Journal of Research, Practice and Learning.

Miller, P.K., Wilson, N., Dickson, A., & Gaffney, J. C. (2014). Targeted Mental

Health in Schools: Confidence-building among school staff as a latent systemic

impact of the Cumbrian initiative. Cumbria Partnership Journal of Research,

Practice and Learning. 4(1), 22-28.

Miller, P.K., Wilson, N., Dickson, A., & Gaffney, J. C. (2013). Implication pitfalls for

targeted mental health in schools: Evidence from a qualitative evaluation of the

Cumbrian programme. Cumbria Partnership Journal of Research, Practice and

Learning, 3(1), 41-46.

For the latest news on HASCE, see: www.cumbria.ac.uk/HASCE

http://www.cumbria.ac.uk/HASCE

32

6. VISUAL EXPERTISE

MEDICAL IMAGE

PERCEPTION

Contributing DMSS Staff

Dr. Tim Donovan

Dr. Peter Philips

Despite the advances in display and imaging technology over the last 50 years error

rates do not seem to be reducing. Error may be inevitable but because of the

implications of error, incorrect diagnoses and subsequent patient management,

efforts to reduce error are very important to society. There have been advances in

evaluating human observer performance but there is no robust methodology for the

assessment of how well cognitive tasks in medicine such radiographic interpretation

are performed. A great deal of research and funding has been directed towards

the opportunities offered by the introduction of digital imaging into the NHS, such as

computer aided detection and diagnosis (CAD), yet relatively little research has

focussed attention on the radiologist and the way they interact with and use this

information. This means that often imaging processing software is not matched to

human abilities and limitations.

The aim of the groups research is to understand human expertise and in

particular visual expertise in radiology. This will develop and use eye movement

paradigms as a means of determining the various aspects of visual expertise and

how they can affect performance. An example of this is the way that experts quickly

obtain a global impression of an image and identify abnormalities before the image

is searched. This phenomenon is also found in other domains of visual expertise such

as pathology and dermatology. This process, which is unconscious, is not well

understood particularly with respect to expertise level, as novices are unable to do

33

this. It is also apparent that it is relatively easy to perturb this process by altering the

appearance of an image by for example including CAD prompts, which can result

in a decline in performance.

The group currently has an EyeLink CL eye tracker, which has a sampling rate

of 1000Hz, which will facilitate the design of experiments to reveal information about

the ongoing cognitive processing of experts that is not accessible by any other

method. This research will be theoretically significant, and could also have more

practical applications such as more effective training programs, and the

development of appropriate CAD tools.

The group is also involved in an NIHR-funded programme of research, led by

UCL, investigating different aspects of CT Colonography. Bowel cancer is a NHS

priority. A patient with a positive faecal occult blood test in the NHS Bowel Cancer

Screening Programme will require further investigation. Thanks to improved CT

scanner technology and computer hardware, increasingly the method used is CTC,

also known as Virtual Colonoscopy. A CT scan of the patient's inflated bowel can be

explored in 3D on the computer screen, together with standard CT data.

Research presently uses skills in medical image perception to investigate how

radiologists view and explore this new 3D modality. By tracking a radiologist's eyes as

they look at the 3D data it is possible to show how they visually searched the image,

and in some cases show how they missed a cancer. The results from such studies,

using novices through to Europe's best experts, can feed back into training methods

and assessment, as well as improve the design of the software used to display the

data.

Within this project, a major question being addressed is the role of Computer

Aided Detection (CAD) and the disagreement between its calculations and the

radiologist's interpretation. Research has shown that for some lesions, CAD can call

them correctly, but the radiologist makes the opposite decision. The university's eye

tracking research will help to identify the visual features of the lesion and search

behaviour of the radiologist, which leads to these conflicting decisions.

34

International Publications:

Donovan, T., Crawford, T.J., & Litchfield, D. (2012). Negative priming for target

selection with saccadic eye movements. Experimental Brain Research, 222(4),

483-494. doi: 10.1007/s00221-012-3234-1.

Donovan, T., & Litchfield, D. (2013). Looking for cancer: Expertise related

differences in searching and decision making. Applied Cognitive Psychology,

27(1), 43-49. doi: 10.1002/acp.2869.

Donovan, T., & Litchfield, D. (2013). Rapid processing of chest radiographs by

experts: Insights gained with the flash-preview moving window paradigm. In K.

Holmqvist, F. Mulvey & R. Johansson (Eds.), Book of Abstracts of the 17th

European Conference on Eye Movements (11-16 August 2013, Lund, Sweden).

Journal of Eye Movement Research, 6(3), 242.

Helbren, E., Halligan S., Phillips, P., Boone, D., Fanshawe, T.R., Taylor, S.A.,

Manning, D., Gale, A., Altman, D.G., & Mallett, S. (2014). Towards a framework for

analysis of eye-tracking studies in the three dimensional environment: a study of

visual search by experienced readers of endoluminal CT colonography. British

Journal of Radiology, 87 (1037). doi: 10.1259/bjr.20130614.

Litchfield, D., & Donovan, T. (2013). To what extent does target/scene

expectations influence search behaviour using the flash-preview moving

window? In K. Holmqvist, F. Mulvey & R. Johansson (Eds.), Book of Abstracts of

the 17th European Conference on Eye Movements, 11-16 August 2013, in Lund,

Sweden. Journal of Eye Movement Research, 6(3), 155.

Mallett, S., Phillips, P., Fanshawe, T.R., Helbren, E., Boone, D., Gale, A., Taylor, S.A.,

Manning, D., Altman, D.G., & Halligan S. (Forthcoming). Tracking eye gaze during

interpretation of endoluminal three-dimensional ct colonography: Visual

perception of experienced and inexperienced readers. Radiology.

Phillips, P., Boone, D., Mallett, S., Taylor, S.A., Altman, D.G., Manning, D., Gale, A.,

& Halligan, S. (2013). Method for tracking eye gaze during interpretation of

endoluminal 3D CT colonography: technical description and proposed metrics

for analysis. Radiology, 267(3), 924-31. doi: 10.1148/radiol.12120062.

35

For the latest news on the groups research, see:

http://www.cumbria.ac.uk/Courses/SubjectAreas/HealthWellbeing/Research/Visual

ExpertiseMedicalImagePerception.aspx

And:

http://www.cumbria.ac.uk/Courses/SubjectAreas/HealthWellbeing/Research/Comp

utedTomographyColonography.aspx

http://www.cumbria.ac.uk/Courses/SubjectAreas/HealthWellbeing/Research/VisualExpertiseMedicalImagePerception.aspxhttp://www.cumbria.ac.uk/Courses/SubjectAreas/HealthWellbeing/Research/VisualExpertiseMedicalImagePerception.aspxhttp://www.cumbria.ac.uk/Courses/SubjectAreas/HealthWellbeing/Research/ComputedTomographyColonography.aspxhttp://www.cumbria.ac.uk/Courses/SubjectAreas/HealthWellbeing/Research/ComputedTomographyColonography.aspx

36

7. MENTAL HEALTH

RESEARCH GROUP

Group Lead

Dr. Adam Benkwitz

Contributing DMSS Staff

Mark Christie

Dr. Paul K. Miller

The Mental Health Research Group (MHRG) has the overall aim to enable people to

recover from mental health issues, and develop their social inclusion. The

collaborative approach to research adopted seeks to cultivate an inter-disciplinary

understanding of mental health. Our vision is that research will have discernible

outcomes that facilitate the improvement of mental health, inform policy, advance

theory and develop practice. The MHRG is comprised of academics from a range of

departments at the University of Cumbria, spanning diverse backgrounds that

include, but are not limited to: psychotherapy, social-psychology, occupational

therapy, sociology, photography, rehabilitation, sport and physical activity, and

mental health nursing. The MHRG also includes PhD students and external private

practitioners that are involved in on-going research projects.

For the latest news on the MHRG, see:

http://www.cumbria.ac.uk/Courses/SubjectAreas/HealthWellbeing/Research/Ment

alHealthResearchGroup.aspx

Twitter: Mental Health at UoC - @MHresearchgroup

http://www.cumbria.ac.uk/Courses/SubjectAreas/HealthWellbeing/Research/MentalHealthResearchGroup.aspxhttp://www.cumbria.ac.uk/Courses/SubjectAreas/HealthWellbeing/Research/MentalHealthResearchGroup.aspx

37

6. SELECTED ABSTRACTS

Validity and reliability of the Myotest Pro

wireless accelerometer in squat jumps

Bampouras, T.M., Relph, N.S., Orme, D., & Esformes, J.I.

Isokinetics & Exercise Science, 21(2).

BACKGROUND: Portable and cost-effective accelerometers can

yield instantaneous results of force, power, and velocity, with

minimum set-up time to assess muscle power. However, such

devices must also produce both valid and reliable data.

OBJECTIVE: The current study assessed the validity and reliability of

the Myotest Pro wireless accelerometer (ACC).

METHODS: Thirty physically active males performed two squat

jump, on two separate sessions. The jump was recorded

simultaneously by a force platform and ACC, which was

attached to a barbell resting on the subjects shoulders. Validity

was determined using Pearson correlation coefficient (r) and t-test

between the maximum force platform (FFP) and ACC (FACC)

force. Between session reliability of FACC, power (PACC) and

velocity (VACC) from the ACC were assessed with t-test, intraclass

correlation coefficient (ICC), and coefficient of variation (CV).

RESULTS: FACC correlated highly to FFP (r = 0.815, p 0.05) for any variable. High ICCs

were found for all variables (FACC 0.90; PACC 0.80; VACC 0.84).

Low CV was found for FACC (2.1%), PACC (3.3%) and VACC

(3.2%).

CONCLUSIONS:ACC is a valid and reliable tool to use for assessing

barbell movement, but caution in power data interpretation is

needed.

38

Survey of UK sonographers on the prevention

of work related muscular skeletal disorder

(WRMSD)

Bolton, G.C. & Cox, D.L.

Journal of Clinical Ultrasound

BACKGROUND: To establish whether the current training of

student sonographers in both academic and clinical settings is

sufficient for educating about the dangers of work-related

musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs).

METHODS: A dual method of data collection was undertaken.

Initially, a focus group was set up, involving a small group of

practicing sonographers from a hospital in the United Kingdom,

with the results of that survey being used to design a postal

survey questionnaire. The questionnaire focused on ergonomics,

scanning technique, training in physical techniques, personal

general health, risk, stress, and task management. It was sent to

seven participating universities across the United Kingdom.

Approvals were obtained from the local ethics committees, the

hospital Trust, and the academic institution.

RESULTS: The focus group highlighted several areas in which

improvements could be made in educating sonographers on the

reduction of WRMSDs. The questionnaire results indicated that

students are being taught about certain aspects of WRMSD

prevention by both their university and clinical mentors.

Respondents received training on the prevention of WRMSDs:

97% in the university setting and 81% from clinical mentors.

CONCLUSIONS: Improvements need to be made in terms of

educating students to perform muscle-strengthening exercises

during the workday; to have a system of reporting injury; to

consider personal health, well-being, and stress management in

the workplace; and to evaluate the ergonomics of computer

workstations.

39

Screening for claustrophobia in MRI: A pilot

study

Booth L., & Bell L.

European Scientific Journal, 9(18).

PURPOSE- Claustrophobia during MRI examinations still presents a

significant burden for patients and the NHS. Despite many

strategies being suggested to reduce this burden, many are not

routinely practiced due to questions over their cost-effectiveness.

One way to ensure that strategies are cost effective is to screen

for those patients who are most likely to experience difficulties

during the examination.

METHOD This pilot study utilised the Claustrophobia

Questionnaire (CLQ) to determine its predictive qualities in

screening for claustrophobia in MRI. A retrospective sample of

patients who withdrew from the MRI examination (citing

claustrophobia as the cause) were cross matched against a

population who were able to tolerate the exam.

RESULTS The results were analysed using Mann Whitney and

demonstrated a significant difference in the scores between

those who could tolerate the MRI environment and those who

could not.

CONCLUSION The CLQ may be a valid tool for screening those

patients who may be unable to tolerate MRI examinations prior to

attendance, enabling strategies to be targeted to this particular

group.

40

Lived experience and community sport

coaching: A phenomenological investigation

Cronin, C., & Armour, K.M.

Sport, Education and Society, 19(9).

Coaching in the participation domain is the act of coaching

participants that are less intensely engaged in sport than

performance orientated athletes. This form of coaching is a

popular activity occurring in community settings such as schools

or sport clubs, and it is often undertaken with a broad range of

social and health outcomes in mind. The experiences and

practices of the large army of community coaches1 have been

under-explored in comparison to those of elite performance

coaches who focus on competitive success and dominate much

academic research. This study focuses on the little known world of

the community coach.

Drawing on the philosophy of phenomenologists such as Husserl,

and in particular the methodology of Van Manen, the study

explored the lived experiences of a single case study community

coach. Derived from semi-structured interviews and in keeping

with Van Manen's methodology, findings are presented in a

narrative format. The narrative describes the lifeworld of the

coach and seeks to identify the essential features of community

coaching in this case. Specifically, the narrative illustrates a

dichotomy in the lifeworld of the coach; between a frenetic

practical delivery mode visible in the public arena and a hidden

largely unknown, private world used predominantly for planning

and organising. For this case study coach, the essence of

community coaching lay in two complementary activities;

planning and then delivering fun based activities that achieved

social, health and sporting outcomes. Additionally, interacting

with others, such as parents, carers and teachers was identified as

an essential feature of this coach's experience.

41

Scottish country dance: Benefits to functional

ability in older women

Dewhurst, S., Nelson, N., Dougall, P., & Bampouras, T.M.

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 22(1).

The effects of long-term participation in Scottish country dance

on body composition, functional ability, and balance in healthy

older females were examined. Participants were grouped into

dancers and physically active nondancers (ages 60-70 and 70-80

for both groups).

Physical activity, body composition (body-mass index, skinfold

thickness, waist-to-hip ratio), functional ability (6-min walk

distance, 6-m walk time, 8-ft up-and-go time, lower body

flexibility, shoulder flexibility), and static balance were measured.

Younger dancers and physically active nondancers had similar 6-

min walk distance, 6-m walk time, and 8-ft up-and-go time results;

however, while older dancers performed similarly to younger

dancers, older physically active nondancers performed poorer

than their younger counterparts (p < .05).

Body composition and static balance were the same for all

groups. Regular physical activity can maintain body composition

and postural stability with advancing age; however, Scottish

country dance can delay the effects of aging on locomotion-

related functional abilities.

42

London 2012 Olympic legacy: a big sporting

society?

Devine, C.

International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics. 5(2).

The Olympic Charter asserts that the practice of sport is a

human right and outlines role 12 of the IOC as being to

encourage and support the development of sport for all. This

signals an aspiration to the right to sport for all. Notwithstanding

this, the UK Conservative/Liberal Democrat coalition government

has consolidated and extended a shift in UK sport policy from

sport for social good to competitive sport for sport's sake. In

December 2010, the government published Plans for the Legacy

from the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games. The first of the

four areas of focus is to harness the United Kingdom's passion for

sport to increase grass-roots participation, particularly by young

people and encourage the whole population to be more

physically active. This appears to relate to sport for some, and

physical activity for others. Nevertheless, the coalition has

signalled a belief in big society and democratic not

bureaucratic accountability.

This article proposes a theoretical framework of a big sporting

society comprising three generations of sporting rights. This

enables an evaluation of emergent sport policy in relation to the

London 2012 Olympic Games legacy and the Olympic Charter. It

is argued that the realization of the 2012 legacy relating to the

IOC's aspiration to sport as a human right for all, and consequent

democratic sporting accountability, necessitates a sport for all

rather than competitive sport for sport's sake policy direction,

and the development of all three generations of sporting rights,

resulting in a big sporting society.

43

Negative priming for target selection with

saccadic eye movements

Donovan, T., Crawford, T.J., & Litchfield, D.

Experimental Brain Research, 222(4).

We conducted a series of experiments to determine whether

negative priming is used in the process of target selection for a

saccadic eye movement. The key questions addressed the

circumstances in which the negative priming of an object takes

place, and the distinction between spatial and object-based

effects.

Experiment 1 revealed that after fixating a target (cricket ball)

amongst an array of semantically related distracters, saccadic

eye movements in a subsequent display were faster to the target

than to the distracters or new objects, irrespective of location.

The main finding was that of the facilitation of a recent target,

not the inhibition of a recent distracter or location. Experiment 2

replicated this finding by using silhouettes of objects for selection

that is based on feature shape. Error rates were associated with

distracters with high target-shape similarity; therefore, Experiment

3 presented silhouettes of animals using distracters with low

target-shape similarity. The pattern of results was similar to that of

Experiment 2, with clear evidence of target facilitation rather

than the inhibition of distracters. Experiment 4 and 5 introduced

a distracter together with the target into the probe display, to

generate a level of competitive selection in the probe condition.

In these circumstances, clear evidence of spatial inhibition at the

location of the previous distracters emerged. We discuss the

implications for our understanding of selective attention and

consider why it is essential to supplement response time data

with the analysis of eye movement behaviour in spatial negative

priming paradigms.

44

Looking for cancer: Expertise related

differences in searching and decision

making

Donovan, T., & Litchfield, D.

Applied Cognitive Psychology, 27(1).

We examined how the ability to detect lung nodules in chest x-ray

inspection is reflected in experience-related differences in visual

search and decision making, and whether the eye-tracking

metric time-to-first hit showed systematic decreases across

expertise levels are examined. In the study decision making

improved with expertise, however, time-to-first fixate a nodule

showed only a non-significant trend to decrease with expertise.

Surprisingly, nave and expert observers allocated less visual

attention at nodules compared with first and third year

radiography students. This similarity in visual attention at nodules

but not in decision making was explained by the fact that nave

observers were more likely to fixate and make errors on distracter

regions. Time-to-first hit has been linked to expert performance in

mammography, but in this study was not sufficiently sensitive to

demonstrate clear linear improvements across expertise groups.

This brings into question the use of this metric as an indirect

measure of rapid initial holistic processing.

45

An examination of barriers to physical

education for Christian and Muslim girls

attending comprehensive secondary schools

in the UK

Elliott, D. & Hoyle, K.

European Physical Education Review, 20(3).

This study examined barriers to Physical Education (PE) in a

sample of Christian and Muslim schoolgirls attending UK

comprehensive secondary schools. Also assessed was whether

religion and school year (age) had any impact upon barrier

strength and if school year religion interactions existed. A

questionnaire was developed and exploratory factor analysis was

utilised to uncover barrier factors.

Six factors were found; these were: Self-Conscious, Sensations,

Embarrassment, Dislike/Unimportant, PE Uniform and

Religiosity. For the total sample, the highest quotient was

assigned to the PE Uniform barrier factor. The remaining barrier

factors received relatively low quotients. When analysed by

religious persuasion, it was found that four of the barrier factors

were rated significantly higher by the Muslim girls. For both

Christian and Muslim samples, barrier strength tended to increase

in line with school year (age). School year religion interactions

were also evident. These results provide a contemporary picture

of potential barriers to PE for girls attending comprehensive

secondary schools in the UK.

46

Depression, sense and sensitivity: On pre-

diagnostic questioning about self-harm and

suicidal inclination in the primary care

consultation

Miller, P.K.

Communication and Medicine, 10(1).

National Health Service directives in the UK specify that, in any

primary care consultation where a patient either demonstrably

has - or is suspected to have - depression, a 'direct question'

should be asked regarding their thoughts or activities relating to

self-harm or suicide.

The evidence collected for this study, which takes the form of

recorded interactions between doctors and patients in primary

care settings, indicates that this is most commonly done post-

diagnosis as an exercise in 'risk assessment' Suicidal ideation,

however, is not only classified as a possible outcome of

depression but also a core symptom of the condition and,

consequently, such a question is sometimes asked prior to the

diagnostic phase of the consultation, as a key step in reaching a

depression diagnosis. This specific activity presents a general

practitioner with an inferably difficult communicative task: how to

raise the matter of suicide/self-harm when the patient does not

already have a depression diagnosis as an interactional resource

with which to make sense of its local relevance.

Herein, using a conversation analytic method, techniques

employed by general practitioners and patients in negotiating

three of these potentially sensitive moments are examined.

Analytic observations are then used to highlight a range of issues

pertinent to the formulation of normative frames of 'good

practice' in handling difficult clinical topics in situ.

47

Rethinking the factuality of contextual

factors in an ethnomethodological mode:

Towards a reflexive understanding of action-

context dynamism in the theorisation of

coaching

Miller, P.K. & Cronin, C.

Sports Coaching Review, 1(2).

In this paper, an argument is made for the revisitation of Harold

Garfinkel's classic body of ethnomethodological research in

order to further develop and refine models of the action-context

relationship in coaching science. It is observed that, like some

contemporary phenomenological and post-structural

approaches to coaching, an ethnomethodological perspective

stands in opposition to dominant understandings of contexts as

semi-static causal variables in coaching activity. It is further

observed, however, that unlike such approaches which are

often focused upon the capture of authentic individual

experience ethnomethodology operates in the intersubjective

domain, granting analytic primacy to the coordinative

accomplishment of meaningful action in naturally-occurring

situations.

Focusing particularly on Garfinkel's conceptualization of action

and context as transformable and, above all, reflexively-

configured, it is centrally argued that greater engagement with

the ethnomethodological corpus of research has much to offer

coaching scholarship both theoretically and methodologically.

48

Optimal uniformity index selection and

acquisition counts for daily gamma camera

quality control

Murray, A.W., Barnfield, M.C., & Thorley, P.J.

Nuclear Medicine Communications, 35.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to investigate the

optimized use of common uniformity indices [National Electrical

Manufacturers' Association (NEMA) indices (differential and

integral), Cox-Diffey and the coefficient of variation (CoV)].

METHODS: The indices were calculated for induced [localized

two-dimensional (2D) Gaussian and gradient] artefacts added to

three image sets (5, 10 and 15 million counts), each containing

25 extrinsic images, using Matlab. The intensity of the induced

artefacts was varied between a 1 and 10% drop in pixel counts.

The induced artefacts simulated photomultiplier tube [10 cm full

width at half maximum (FWHM)], smaller focused artefacts (2.5

cm FWHM) and gradients artefacts.

RESULTS: For five million count acquisitions, the Cox-Diffey, CoV

and NEMA integral indices detected the 6% 2D Gaussian

artefacts [10 cm full-width at half-maximum (FWHM)], whereas

the NEMA differential index performed relatively poorly. NEMA

differential and integral indices performed equally well at

detecting smaller 2D Guassian (2.5 cm FWHM) artefacts. The 10%

artefact was the minimum artefact detected by both indices for

five million count acquisitions. The Cox-Diffey and CoV indices

did not detect any artefacts for five million acquired counts. The

CoV index performed best at detecting gradient artefacts at five

million acquired counts.

CONCLUSION: This work provides evidence that daily quality

control can be acquired with as few as five million counts while

maintaining the same ability to detect both chronic and acute

nonuniformities compared with higher count acquisitions. A

combination of the NEMA integral and the C