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1
BiBi--National Planning GroupNational Planning Group
Final ReportFinal Report::
A Continental Approach to A Continental Approach to Defence and Security Defence and Security
This Briefing is UNCLASSIFIED
Capt(N) Richard Bergeron, CFCAPT Pamela McClune, USN
2
Aim
• To provide the BPG Final Report findings which led to our recommendations for a Combined Vision and a Comprehensive Defence and Security Agreement.
Coordinating Mechanisms & Agreements
Del
iber
ate
Plan
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Info
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Shar
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C4
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hite
ctur
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Trai
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Continental Defense and Security
Currently No Overarching Vision
3
Outline
• Importance of CANUS Defence & Security Relationship
• The BPG• Changing CANUS Environment• Final Report – Key Recommendations
• Coordinating Mechanisms • Combined Plans• Combined Exercises • Information Sharing • Communications Architecture• Continental Defence & Security• Future Relationships
Coordinating Mechanisms & Agreements
Del
iber
ate
Plan
ning
Info
rmat
ion
Shar
ing
C4
Arc
hite
ctur
e
Trai
ning
& E
xerc
ises
Continental Defense and Security
4
Importance of CANUS Defence & Security Relationship
Why be concerned?
5
Threat Environment
From:
A strategic, nuclear (symmetric) threat consisting of bombers, ICBMs, and air or sea launched cruise missiles.
To:
Asymmetric (immediate) and symmetric (continuous) threat focused across all domains and borders.
6
Economic Interdependence
G O O D S
E N E R G Y
P E O P L E
N A T I O N A L
B I – N A T I O N A L
N A T I O N A L
Approximately $1.8 billion(USD) per day;
40,000 trucks per day
Canada to USA:99% of crude oil, 99% of natural gas, and 100% of uranium annual exports
300 millionpeople movements per year
7
North American Electric Grid
Blackout - 14 Aug 2003 power failure affected 50 million people in easternCanada and the United States
8
Canada-U.S. Trade
$0$50
$100$150$200$250$300$350$400$450$500
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
U.S. Exports to Canada U.S. Imports from Canada (billion USD)
TerroristAttacksNAFTA
9
The BPG
10
Enhanced Military Cooperation Agreement
• Signed by U.S. Secretary of State and Canadian Minister of Foreign Affairs in Dec 2002• Extended to 12 May 2006
• Affirms merit of broadening bi-national defence arrangements to:• Prevent or mitigate threats or attacks by terrorists or others;• Ensure cooperative, well-coordinated response to national
requests for military assistance in relation to terrorist or other threats or attacks, natural disasters and other major emergencies in Canada or the U.S.
Created Bi-National Planning Group
11
Foci
• Find opportunities for improvement • Facilitate enhanced military cooperation• Examine areas from strategic to tactical levels• Emphasis on information sharing• Staff concepts with key stakeholders for input
• Attempt to reach consensus• Communication is the key
• Present concepts to decision makers• Identify the best relationship(s) possible
Find Opportunities for Improvement, Staff Them & Present Options
12
Changing CANUS Environment
13
Changing CANUS Environment
N O R A D
PSEPC
P S E P C
P S E P C
D H S
• Pre 9/11: PJBD, MCC, NORAD• Shift in Defence and Security environment since 9/11• Response: New organizations
• Military – BPG, Canada COM, USNORTHCOM • Civilian – PSEPC, DHS
D H S
Unity of Effort - Critical
14
Final ReportKey Recommendations
15
Coordinating Mechanisms
• Legacy Agreements• Ogdensburg Declaration• North Atlantic Treaty • NORAD Agreement
• NORAD, Canada Command and U.S. Northern Command interoperability:• Examine mechanisms• Formalize• Regular Review
Coordinating Mechanisms & Agreements
Ad Hoc Systematic
16
Coordinating Mechanisms
• Legacy Agreements• Ogdensburg Declaration• North Atlantic Treaty • NORAD Agreement
• NORAD, Canada Command and U.S. Northern Command interoperability:• Examine mechanisms• Formalize• Regular Review
Coordinating Mechanisms & Agreements
Ad Hoc Systematic
17
Combined Plans
• Formal Agreement• Areas of responsibility• Goals • Update cycle
• Coordinating Mechanisms or Bodies
• Mission/authority• Planning process• Guidance/concepts
Coordinating Mechanisms & Agreements
Del
iber
ate
Plan
ning
Coordinating Mechanisms & Agreements
Side-By-Side Is Best
18
Combined Plans
MAREASTOP – 1987 LANDOP– 1993
MARWESTOP – 1996BSD – 1999
NORAD CONPLAN – 2002
• Formal Agreement• Areas of responsibility• Goals • Update cycle
• Coordinating Mechanisms or Bodies
• Mission/authority• Planning process• Guidance/concepts Coordinating Mechanisms & Agreements
Combined Defense Plan
Civil Assistance Plan
Basic Defense Document
Side-By-Side Is Best Coordinating Mechanisms & Agreements
Del
iber
ate
Plan
ning
19
Combined Exercises
• Greater CANUS interoperability• Combined mission essential
tasks• Joint and combined exercises• Interagency involvement• Academic research
encouraged• Leverage training
• All interdependent Trai
ning
& E
xerc
ises
Coordinating Mechanisms & Agreements
Del
iber
ate
Plan
ning
Trai
ning
& E
xerc
ises
Train Like We Fight
20
Combined Exercises
Trai
ning
& E
xerc
ises
• Greater CANUS interoperability• Combined mission essential
tasks• Joint and combined exercises• Interagency involvement• Academic research
encouraged• Leverage training
• All interdependent
Coordinating Mechanisms & Agreements
Train Like We FightCoordinating Mechanisms & Agreements
Del
iber
ate
Plan
ning
Trai
ning
& E
xerc
ises
21
Information Sharing
• New nation-to-nation information sharing agreement• Intergovernmental• Interagency
• Update CANUS Threat Estimates• Networked environment • Real-time collaboration
• Classify at appropriate level• Access to classified networks• Foreign disclosure waiver
Coordinating Mechanisms & AgreementsCoordinating Mechanisms & Agreements
Change Culture, Build Trust
Coordinating Mechanisms & Agreements
Del
iber
ate
Plan
ning
Info
rmat
ion
Shar
ing
Trai
ning
& E
xerc
ises
22
Information Sharing
• New nation-to-nation information sharing agreement• Intergovernmental• Interagency
• Update CANUS Threat Estimates• Networked environment • Real-time collaboration
• Classify at appropriate level• Access to classified networks• Foreign disclosure waiver
Coordinating Mechanisms & AgreementsCoordinating Mechanisms & Agreements
DoS
DHS
DoD
Sea
Land
Air
Space
Cyber
FAC
PSEPC
DND
Sea
Land
Air
Space
Cyber
Org
aniz
atio
nsD
omai
ns
LinearDoS
DoD
DHS PSEPC
DND
FAC
Land
Sea
Air
SpaceCyber
Org
aniz
atio
nsD
omai
ns
Inter-Relational
Change Culture, Build TrustCoordinating Mechanisms & Agreements
Del
iber
ate
Plan
ning
Info
rmat
ion
Shar
ing
Trai
ning
& E
xerc
ises
23
Communications Architecture
• Near Term• Leverage GRIFFIN • Combined Capability - Needs
Definition• Network centric applications
• Long Term• Government to government
circuit
C4
Arc
hite
ctur
es
Coordinating Mechanisms & Agreements
Del
iber
ate
Plan
ning
Info
rmat
ion
Shar
ing
C4
Arc
hite
ctur
e
Trai
ning
& E
xerc
ises
Coordinating Mechanisms & Agreements
Interoperability Is Critical
24
Communications Architecture
• Near Term• Leverage GRIFFIN • Combined Capability - Needs
Definition• Network centric applications
• Long Term• Government to government
circuitCoordinating Mechanisms & Agreements
C4
Arc
hite
ctur
es
Interoperability Is CriticalCoordinating Mechanisms & Agreements
Del
iber
ate
Plan
ning
Info
rmat
ion
Shar
ing
C4
Arc
hite
ctur
e
Trai
ning
& E
xerc
ises
25
Continental Defence & Security
• Combined Vision
• Comprehensive Agreement
• Broaden PJBD Focus to include Defence & Security
• Refocused MCC TOR
• Small Advisory Organization
Trai
ning
& E
xerc
ises
Coordinating Mechanisms & Agreements
Info
rmat
ion
Shar
ing
C4
Arc
hite
ctur
e
Del
iber
ate
Plan
ning
Trai
ning
& E
xerc
ises
Continental Defense and Security
Inter-Governmental & Inter-Agency
26
Continental Defence & Security
• Combined Vision
• Comprehensive Agreement
• Broaden PJBD Focus to include Defence & Security
• Refocused MCC TOR
• Small Advisory Organization
C4
Arc
hite
ctur
es
Trai
ning
& E
xerc
ises
CommanderNORAD
Prime MinisterMinister of Foreign Affairs
Minister of Defence(Minister of PSEPC)
Chief of Defence StaffStrategic Joint Staff
CommanderCanada Command
PresidentSecretary of State
Secretary of Defense(Secretary of HLS)
Chairman JCSThe Joint Staff
CommanderUS Northern Command
UNITED STATESCANADA
PJBD
MCC
Inter-Governmental & Inter-AgencyCoordinating Mechanisms & Agreements
Info
rmat
ion
Shar
ing
C4
Arc
hite
ctur
e
Del
iber
ate
Plan
ning
Trai
ning
& E
xerc
ises
Continental Defense and Security
27
Future Relationships
NORAD
Information Sharing
Info
Sha
ring
PSEPC
PSEPC
PSEPC
Info
Sha
ring
Information Sharing
CANUS Defence & Security linked
28
Strategic Vision is Critical to Unity of Effort
Coordinating Mechanisms & Agreements
Del
iber
ate
Plan
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Info
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Shar
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C4
Arc
hite
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& E
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ises
Continental Defense and Security
29
Discussion
Vision
Agreement
Momentum
Vision
Agreement
Momentum
30
BPG Final Report available at:• www.usembassycanada.gov• www.canadianally.com/bpg
31
Backup Slides
32
Four Concepts
Concept One Concept Two
Concept Three Concept Four
33
CONCEPT 1: THREE COMMANDS –COMPLEMENTARY MISSIONS
NORAD
CJTF (for Non-NORAD Bi-National Missions))
CANADACOMMAND
U.S. NORTHERNCOMMAND
PSEPCDHS
Missions clearly defined and delineated between all three commands
Info sharing
Coordination
Info sharing
Coordination
Bi- Lateral
Uni-Lateral Uni-Lateral
34
CONCEPT 2 - SINGLE COMMAND FOR CONTINENTAL DEFENSE
Bi-National Bi-National North American Defense Command
Uni-Lateral Uni-LateralCANADA
COMMANDU.S. NORTHERN
COMMAND
DHS
North American Defense Command is responsible for all bi-national Defense issues.National commands conduct unilateral missions
Info sharing
Coordination
Info sharing
Coordination
PSEPC
35
CONCEPT 3 – PARALLEL COMMANDS WITHSTANDING COMBINED JOINT TASK FORCE
Combined Joint
Task Force
Uni-Lateral Uni-LateralCANADA
COMMANDU.S. NORTHERN
COMMAND
PSEPCDHS
CJTF performs bi-national missions as assigned by USNORTHCOM and Canada COM
Info sharing
Coordination
Info sharing
Coordination
36
CONCEPT 4 - CONTINENTAL JOINT INTERAGENCY TASK FORCE
Bi-National Bi-National
Bi-National Bi-National Continental
Joint Interagency Task Force
Uni-Lateral Uni-LateralCANADA
COMMANDU.S. NORTHERN
COMMAND
DHS
Integration of Defense and Security
CoordinationCoordination
PSEPC