BHOODAN MOVEMENT LAND GIFT

MOVEMENT VOLUNTARY LAND REFORM

MOVEMENT

By-Umesh Kumar Pandey Vineet Kumar Sharma

Introduction

Started in April,1951 By Acharya Vinoba Bhave,A faithful Follower of Mt.

Gandhi.

Why - Telangana Peasant Movement of land.

First Land Donation – Pochampali village in Telangana District.

Greatest Voluntary & Non Government Experiment in world.

“ Donation of Surplusland by landlords to landless”

“ Landless means not only a person without any land but also a small owner and a tenant.”

Why Bhoodan ???

Two reasons-A)-Problem Of Production

B)-Land Relationship

Landlessness was Chronic Problem And Remedy Was Bhhodan

With Land87%

Without Land13%

Land Distribution(1951 Census)

1st Phase ( 1951 to 1957)

Donation increased from 100 acres to 43,81,871 acres.

For this Acharya did –

Visit to Telangana District in 1951.

Padyatra in Central & North India ( collected >3lac

acres land) in 1951.

Padyatra in Bihar & collected land >8lac Acres in

1952 .

History Of Bhoodan

2nd Phase ( 1957 to onwards)

Total distribution was declined to 3% from 1958 to

1967

The reason was-

Government rejection Of

o Imperfect Title of Donor

o Disput Land

Same land is taken back by Donor.s

Gramdan –started in 1952 Mangroth (UP)

Objective

To inspire the people to develop a selfless attitude and feelings for the good of the masses.

To promote voluntary donations & solve the basic economic problem.

Minimizing the difference between Haves & Have-nots.

Guideline

195419551956195719581959196019611962196319641965196619670

500000

1000000

1500000

2000000

2500000

3000000

3500000

4000000

4500000

5000000

3467051

0

43055444381871

42304094230409

0

41631164177963

0

42274764236827

0

4264096

96477

370355

654641

852352 852352

0

868894

1138816

0

10701661101378

0

1190718

Donation & Distribution of Land ( in Acres)

year

Lan

d i

n a

cres

Classification Of States according to Area Donated upto 1954

Landless People> 1 lakh acres 50,000 to 99,000

acres10,000 to 49,000 acres

<10,000 acres

Bihar (21,02,500 acre)

Gujarat Andhra Assm

Rajasthan (3,22,310 acre)

Madhya Pradesh Kerala Bengal

Orissa Madhya Bharat Maharashtra Himanchal

Uttar Pradesh Tamilnadu Punjab

Important Provisions of The Bhoodan Movement

1/3rd donated land will be given to Scheduled castes

Land donated by Scheduled tribes should be distributed to these

Tribes only.

As for as possible, donated land of a village will be given to same

villagers.

If in a case donated land is not distributed,donors should allowed to

cultivate the land (earned Income will be given to Bhoodan Mandal) .

CONT…..

Attempt should be made to consolidate the scattered

donated land.

In Case of no landless in a village ,the donated land

will be used for public use (school ,wells, pond etc).

Donated Land will not be given to Drunkars,Gamblers

etc.

Bhoodan Process Involves…

Donation: Transfer of land by a person as a gift ( without any self Interest) to Bhoodan Mandal

Bhoodan Mandal give information to The Revenue Officer to confirm the owner of daonated land.

A Notice will be issued to all those who consider to be interested in the donated land.

If no objection is received,then the gifted land will be accepted on the behalf of mandal undar Indian registration Act of 1908 without any charges

Distribution: distribution will be done regarding the set & norms.

Dirtibuted by Mandal or Tehsil Committees to not only landless but also to persons possessing 2 acres of irrigated or 5 acres of unirrigated land

Benefited persons will be known as Bhoodan-lesses or Bhoodan-Holders.

Tneir name will be added in village record of right which is heritable

Role In Poverty Elimination

To Make Self Dependent Strengthen The Agricultural Economy &

Allied Agro-industries Reduce Unemployment Lifetime Livelihood Increase Marginal Productivity.

Evolution study

A investigation of 258 Bhoodan-holders was done.

Initial Distribution

Ineffective distribution

Effective distribution

Bhoodan-holders

Area(acres) Bhoodan-holders

Area(acres) Bhoodan-holders

Area(acres)

258 1664.59 37 219.22 221 1445.37

Ineffective Distribution Classified According to Reason

Reason Bhoodan-holders Area(acres)

Taken back by Donor by force

33 199.21

Returned to Donor by Bhoodan mandal

1 4.00

Uncultivable 3 11.01

Government Land - 5.00

Classification of Households according to no. of Dependents

No. of dependents

No. of holders percentage Land received Average Area received

1-3 41 18.64 270.38 6.59

4-6 128 58.19 813.35 6.35

7-9 40 18.18 265.55 6.64

10-12 10 4.55 78.87 7.89

13 & above 1 0.44 8.22 8.22

Total 220 100.00 1436.37

Findings 219acres difference between initial

distribution & the effective distribution. Bhoodan Holders belongs to different

religions & caste. Most Bhoodan-holders depended wholly on

agri. & had 4-6 dependants. About 95% Bhoodan-holders did not

possess any land Most of Bhoodan Holders(61%)received

land between 5 to 14.9 acres.

About 8% land was not cultivated after the holders had received the land & 9% was calculated irregularly.

Most of the Bhoodan-holders faced financial Problem & about 24%depended on money lenders.

The Bhoodan Movement does not seem to have any role in fostering the co-operation among the Bhoodan-holders.