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BiologyHigher levelPaper 1

20 pages

Thursday 9 May 2019 (afternoon)

1 hour

Instructions to candidates

yy Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so.yy Answer all the questions.yy For each question, choose the answer you consider to be the best and indicate your choice on

the answer sheet provided.yy The maximum mark for this examination paper is [40 marks].

© International Baccalaureate Organization 2019

M19/4/BIOLO/HPM/ENG/TZ2/XX

2219 – 6013

M19/4/BIOLO/HPM/ENG/TZ2/XX– 2 –

1. Themagnificationofthemicrographis2000×.

X

[Source:https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/HeLa_cells_stained_with_Hoechst_33258.jpg byTenOfAllTrades.]

WhatisthemaximumdiameterofthenucleusinthecelllabelledX?

A. 10μm

B. 10nm

C. 20μm

D. 20 nm

2. Theimageshowsamicrographofacell.

[Source:©2014,https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mitosis_(261_13)_Pressed;_root_meristem_of_onion_ (cells_in_prophase,_metaphase,_anaphase,_telophase).jpgbyDoc.RNDr.JosefReischig,CSc.]

Whatexplainstheappearanceofthecellinthemicrograph?

A. Thecellisdying.

B. TheDNAisreplicating.

C. Thecellisinmetaphase.

D. Thecellisintelophase.

Turn over

M19/4/BIOLO/HPM/ENG/TZ2/XX–3–

3. Whichprocessesareinvolvedinthedevelopmentofcancer?

I. Mutationsoccurinoncogenes.

II. Oncogenespreventcancer.

III. Oncogenesaffectcellcycleregulatoryproteins.

A. IandIIonly

B. IandIIIonly

C. IIandIIIonly

D. I,IIandIII

4. Thetableshowsconcentrationsofpotassiumionsandsodiumionsinsideandoutsidehumancells.

Concentration of ions / 10–3 mol dm–3

Ions Intracellular Extracellular

Potassiumions 135 4

Sodiumions 10 145

[Source:©InternationalBaccalaureateOrganization2019]

Whatexplainstheseconcentrations?

A. Potassiumionsdiffuseinandsodiumionsdiffuseout.

B. Sodiumionsdiffuseinandpotassiumionsdiffuseout.

C. Activetransportpumpssodiumionsinandpotassiumionsout.

D. Activetransportpumpssodiumionsoutandpotassiumionsin.

5. Wheredohydrogenbondsform?

A. Betweentheslightnegativechargeofhydrogenandslightpositivechargeofoxygenwithinawatermolecule

B. Betweentheslightpositivechargeofhydrogenandslightnegativechargeofoxygenwithinawatermolecule

C. Betweentheslightpositivechargeofhydrogenandslightnegativechargeofoxygenindifferentwatermolecules

D. Betweentheslightnegativechargeofhydrogenandslightpositivechargeofoxygenindifferentwatermolecules


6. Thediagramshowstwopolysaccharides,formedfromcondensationofmanyglucosemolecules.

X Y


WhatarethenamesofXandY?

X Y

A. glycogen amylose

B. amylopectin amylase

C. amylase glycogen

D. amylose amylopectin

7. Whichstatementcorrectlydescribesgenomeandproteome?

A. Onlythegenomebutnottheproteomecanbeanalysedusinggelelectrophoresis.

B. Thegenomeandtheproteomearethesameinalltissuesinanorganism.

C. Incellsofdifferenttissues,thegenomeisthesamewhiletheproteomevaries.

D. Onlymutationsintheproteomebutnotinthegenomecauseanyvariability.

Turn over


8. ThebasesequencesofashortsectionofDNAareshown,togetherwithmRNAthathasbeentranscribedfromitandoneofthetRNAanticodonsthatcouldbeusedtotranslatethemRNA.

DNA strand 1 A-C-G-G-C-A-T-T-A-G-C-T-A tRNA anticodon U-U-A

DNA strand 2 T-G-C-C-G-T-A-A-T-C-G-A-T mRNA U-G-C-C-G-U-A-A-U-C-G-A-U

WhichstrandofDNAistranscribedandtowhichcodoninthemRNAwouldthetRNAanticodonbindduringtranslation?

DNA strand transcribed mRNA codon that tRNA anticodon binds to

A. DNAstrand1 second

B. DNAstrand2 second

C. DNAstrand1 third

D. DNAstrand2 third

9. Thegraphshowstheactivityofanenzymeatdifferenttemperatures.

Rate

Temperature[Source:©InternationalBaccalaureateOrganization2019]

Whatdoesthedashedlineinthegraphrepresent?

A. Increasingtemperatureincreasessubstrateconcentration.

B. Increasingtemperatureaffectstheactivesite.

C. Increasingtemperatureincreasestherateofreaction.

D. Increasingtemperaturedecreasesthemovementofparticles.


10. Thediagramshowsatypeoffattyacid.

CC

C

HH

CC

HH

CC

CC

HH

H H H H H H H

CC

C

HH

CC

HH

H H H H

CC

HH

CC

HH

H H

O

O

H

H

H

H

H

Whattypeoffattyacidisshown?

A. Transunsaturated

B. Cisunsaturated

C. Transsaturated

D. Cissaturated

11. HersheyandChaseusedabacteriophage(avirusthatinfectsbacteria)toinvestigatethechemicalnatureofgenes.Thediagramshowsabacteriophage.

[Source:GrahamKnottandChristelGenoud,‘Commentary:isEMdead?’,Journal of Cell Science(2013), 126:4545–4552,reproducedwithpermission.http://jcs.biologists.org/content/126/20/4545.figures-only

doi:10.1242/jcs.124123http://www.biologists.com/journal-of-cell-science]

ThesulphurintheproteinandthephosphorusintheDNAofthebacteriophagewereradioactivelylabelled.Thedataobtainedafterbacterialinfectionandcentrifugationareshowninthetable.

Sample source Supernatant Pellet

Radioactivesulphur 80% 20%

Radioactivephosphorus 30% 70%

WhatdidHersheyandChaseconcludefromtheirexperiment?

A. DNAwasmainlyoutsidethebacterialcells.

B. Virusesinfectbacterialcellswithproteins.

C. ViralDNAwasfoundwithinthebacterialcells.

D. NeitherproteinnorDNAwerechemicalsmakingupgenesinviruses.

Turn over


12. WhatarethefunctionsofDNAprimaseandDNApolymeraseIinDNAreplication?

DNA primase DNA polymerase I

A. addsashortDNAprimertothetemplatestrand

replacesRNAwithDNAintheOkazakifragmentsoftheleadingstrand

B. addsashortDNAprimertothetemplatestrand

replacesDNAprimerswithRNA

C. addsashortRNAprimertothetemplatestrand

replacesRNAwithDNAintheOkazakifragmentsoftheleadingstrand

D. addsashortRNAprimertothetemplatestrand

replacesRNAprimerswithDNA

13. Anucleotidecontainingdideoxyriboseisshown.

N N

O

H

H

H

H

H

CH2

H

H

CH3

O

H

O

O

P O–O

O

Whatisthereasonfortheuseofdideoxyribonucleotidestoterminatesequencesinbasesequencing?

A. Nucleotidescannotform5′to3′linkageswithdideoxyribonucleotides.

B. Nucleotidescannotformbasepairswithdideoxyribonucleotides.

C. Dideoxyribonucleotidescannotformhydrogenbondswithdeoxyribose.

D. Dideoxyribonucleotidesdonothaveallfournitrogenousbases.


14. WhatappliestoDNAbasesequences?

I. Somegenesdonotcodeforproteins.

II. Promotersaretranscribedalongwiththegene.

III. Intronsareonlyfoundwithingenescodingforproteins.

A. Ionly

B. IIonly

C. IIandIIIonly

D. I,IIandIII

15. ThediagramshowscompoundsintheKrebscyclelabelledasX,YandZ.

Acetyl CoA

CO2

CO2

Reduced FAD

FAD NAD

NADNAD

Reduced NAD

Reduced NAD

Reduced NADReduced NAD

NAD

X

Y

Z


HowmanycarbonatomsarethereinYandintheacetylgroupofacetylCoA?

Number of carbon atoms

Y Acetyl CoA

A. 5 2

B. 4 2

C. 5 3

D. 4 3

Turn over


16. Whichproteinisidentifiedwithitsfunction?

Protein Function

A. collagen providesstrengthandsupportfortissuesandorgans

B. rhodopsin enzymefoundintears

C. insulin raisesbloodglucoseconcentrations

D. immunoglobulin helpsinbloodclotting

17. Thediagramshowsastageincelldivision.


Whatisthestageshown?

A. AnaphaseIofmitosis

B. AnaphaseIIofmitosis

C. AnaphaseIofmeiosis

D. AnaphaseIIofmeiosis


18. Thepedigreechartshowsafamilyaffectedbycysticfibrosis.

I

II

III

IV

Key: unaffectedmale

affectedmale

unaffectedfemale

affectedfemale


Whatisthegenotypeoftheaffectedboy’sfather?

A. AAonly

B. EitherAAorAa

C. Aaonly

D. aaonly

19. Thecheetah(Acinonyx jubatus)isalargecatfoundinAfrica.Ithasbeendiscoveredthat organscouldbetransferredbetweenanytwoindividualswithoutrejectionoftheorgan. Whatistheprobablereasonforthis?

A. Cheetahshavepoorreproductivesuccess.

B. Cheetahshavehighheterozygosity.

C. Cheetahshavealargegenepool.

D. Cheetahshaveasmallgenepool.

Turn over


20. WilliamBatesonandReginaldPunnettusedthesweetpea(Lathyrus odoratus)ingeneticsstudiesintheearly20thcentury.Pure-breedingplantsthatproducedpurpleflowersandlongpollengrainswerecrossedwithpure-breedingplantsthatproducedredflowersandroundpollengrains.Theresultingoffspringallproducedpurpleflowersandlongpollengrains.TwooftheF1generationplantswerecrossed.ThetableshowstheratioofphenotypesintheF2generation.

Flower colour Pollen grain shape Number of plants

purple long 4831

purple round 390

red long 393

red round 1138

Whatisanexplanationfortheseexperimentalresults?

A. Purpleflowersandlongpollengrainsaredominantandthealleleshaveassortedindependently.

B. Thegenesforflowercolourandpollenshapearelinkedandallplantsproducinglongpollengrainsarerecombinants.

C. Thegenesforflowercolourandpollenshapearelinkedandallplantsproducingredflowersarerecombinants.

D. Plantsproducingpurpleflowersandroundpollengrainsarosethroughcrossingover.

21. Geneticallymodifiedmaize,calledBtmaize,isthoughttobeaffectingthemonarchbutterfly(Danaus plexippus)intheUSA.Whatisthereasonforthis?

A. Themonarchbutterflyfeedsonmaizenectar,whichcontainsBttoxin.

B. Themonarchcaterpillarfeedsonmaizeleaves,whichcontainBttoxin.

C. Bttoxinkillstheplantsthatthemonarchcaterpillarusuallyeats.

D. Bttoxinisinmaizepollen,whichblowsontoplantsthatthemonarchcaterpillareats.


22. Tworestrictionendonucleases(EcoRIandBamHI)wereusedtocutaDNAsampleintosmallerfragments.Thesewerethensubjectedtogelelectrophoresisandtheresultsareshown.ThelengthsoftheDNAfragmentsaremeasuredinkilobases(kb).Onekilobaseis1000DNAbases.


Whichstatementissupportedbythedata?

A. TheDNAsampleisapproximately16kbinsize.

B. Eachendonucleaseproducesa2kbfragment.

C. Bothendonucleasesproducethesamenumberoffragments.

D. Thefragmentsproducedusingbothendonucleasesarealldifferentfromthoseproducedbytheindividualendonucleases.

23. Theglobalcarboncycleinvolvessinkswherecarbonisstored,andfluxeswherecarbonistransferred.Whatarethelargestsinkandflux?

Sink Flux

A. atmosphere combustion

B. oceans respiration

C. oceans photosynthesis

D. limestone photosynthesis

Turn over


24. Inanecosystem,inthetransferofcarbonfromproducerstoconsumers,whatiscarbontransferredas?

I. Carbondioxide

II. Protein

III. Hydrogencarbonateions

A. Ionly

B. IIonly

C. IandIIonly

D. IandIIIonly

25. TheSilverSpringsfeedintotheSilverRiverinFlorida.ThediagramshowsapyramidofenergyfortheSilverSpringsecosystem.TheunitsarekJ m–2 y–1.

IV

III

II

I 20 810

3368

383

21


WhatdolevelIandlevelIIIrepresentinthepyramidofenergy?

I III

A. sunlight secondaryconsumer

B. producer tertiaryconsumer

C. producer secondaryconsumer

D. primaryconsumer tertiaryconsumer


26. Thecladogramshowssomemajorordersofplacentalmammalsandisbasedonbiochemicalevidence.


Whichconclusioncanbedrawnfromevidenceinthecladogram?

A. PrimatesandSireniahavenotevolvedfromacommonancestor.

B. PrimatesandCetaceadonotformpartofanyclade.

C. CetaceaarelesscloselyrelatedtoSireniathantoPrimates.

D. Xenarthrahavenotbeenchangedbyevolutionforlongerthanotherclades.

27. Ifseedsofanunknownspeciesofplantarediscovered,whatassumptioncanbemadeaboutthespecies?

A. Itsmalegametesarecontainedwithinpollen.

B. Itsseedsarecontainedwithinfruits.

C. Itisinthedomainarchaea.

D. Itisinthephylumangiospermophyta.

Turn over


28. Whichisthehierarchyoftaxainorderofincreasingnumbersofspecies?

A. genus,family,order,class

B. class,order,genus,family

C. genus,family,class,order

D. class,order,family,genus

29. Whatcausestheatrioventricularvalvestocloseduringaheartbeat?

A. Pressureintheatriaishigherthanintheventricles.

B. Pressureintheatriaislowerthanintheventricles.

C. Pressureinthearteriesishigherthanintheventricles.

D. Pressureinthearteriesislowerthanintheventricles.

30. WhatobservationdidWilliamHarveyuseasevidenceforthecirculationofblood?

A. Theventriclesoftheheartpumpbloodoutintoarteries.

B. Valvesensureunidirectionalflowofblood.

C. Capillariescarrybloodfromarteriestoveins.

D. Allorgansofthebodyhaveaseparatebloodsupply.


31. Thediagramshowsthehumanmalereproductivesystem.

[Source:logika600/Shutterstock]

Whichnumbersindicateaglandprovidingfluidforspermandatubethattransportsspermonly?

Gland providing fluid for sperm

Tube transporting sperm only

A. 1 2

B. 5 3

C. 4 3

D. 5 2

32. Thehormonesinsulin,glucagon,thyroxinandleptincanallaffectenergystorageinthebody.Whichhormoneincreasestherateofenergyreleaseanduse?

A. Insulin

B. Glucagon

C. Thyroxin

D. Leptin

Turn over


33. WhatisthefunctionoftheloopofHenle?

A. Toreabsorbsalt

B. Tomaintainahypertonicsolutioninthemedulla

C. Totransportliquidfromthecollectingductstotheconvolutedtubules

D. Toreabsorbglucose

34. Whatisthenitrogenouswasteexcretedininsects?

A. Urea

B. Uricacid

C. Ammonia

D. Urine

35. Whatarefeaturesofbothendoskeletonsofmammalsandexoskeletonsofinsects?

A. Theyarebothmadeofbone.

B. Theybothhavecartilage.

C. Theyarebothmovedbyantagonisticsetsofmuscles.

D. Bothconsistofdeadtissue.


36. Thebloodoftwomenwastestedandtheresultsareshown.Anti-Dreferstotherhesusbloodgroup.Clottingindicatesthatantigensassociatedwithaparticularfactororbloodgrouparepresentinabloodsample.

Anti-D

Positive Negative


Themanwhotestedpositiveforanti-DwasthentestedforABObloodgroup.Theseresultswereobtained.

Bloodtypetest

Anti-A Anti-B


WhatABObloodgroupdoesthemantestingpositiveforanti-Dhave?

A. A

B. B

C. AB

D. O

37. Whatistheorderofincreasingsizeofmusclestructures?

A. muscle,musclefibre,myofibril,sarcomere

B. myofibril,musclefibre,sarcomere,muscle

C. sarcomere,myofibril,musclefibre,muscle

D. musclefibre,sarcomere,myofibril,muscle

Turn over


38. TheimageisacrosssectionthroughanAmmophila leaf,whichgrowsoncoastalsanddunes.

[Source:CharlesGood:TheOhioStateUniversityatLima]

WhatfeaturesuggeststhatAmmophilaisaxerophyte?

A. Theleafsurfaceareaisincreased.

B. Therolledleafreducestheupperepidermisarea.

C. Therolledleafprotectsthelowerepidermisfromthewind.

D. Thelowerepidermiscantranspiremoreeasily.


39. Thephotomicrographshowsasectionthroughthetopofaplantshoot.

X

Y

[Source:CharlesGood:TheOhioStateUniversityatLima]

WhatarethestructureslabelledXandY?

X Y

A. developingbud xylem

B. developingleaf xylem

C. developingbud meristem

D. developingleaf meristem

40. Whatcouldbeusedinatechniqueformeasuringflowratesinphloem?

I. Potometers

II. Aphidstylets

III. 14CO2

A. IandIIonly

B. IandIIIonly

C. IIonly

D. IIandIIIonly

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Bg PAST PAPERS - SUBJECT/Group 4 - Sciences... · Bg ge ee ape 20 pages sa a 2019 aenn ) Insns anaes y Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so. y Answer all the