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Beyond Passive House
2011 North American Passive House Conference Bruce Sullivan, Green Building Consultant
Topics
• Third-party Certification • Energy Labeling
– Energy Performance Score • Net Zero
• ENERGY STAR – Indoor airPlus – WaterSense
• Green Certifications – Earth Advantage – LEED for Homes
EAI: Areas of Expertise
! Consulting
! Certification Programs
! Technical services
! Program development,
licensing, & management
! Education and training
! Quality Control & oversight
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Perception
Reality
Home buying decision?
• Cost per square foot • Neighborhood • Amenities • Family needs • Entertaining • RV Storage
Third-party certification
Benefits of Certification
• Comprehensive • Credible • Up to date • Quality checked • Performance tested • Valued in the market
Elements of Third-party Certification
Design Assistance
• Green materials and techniques
• Energy modeling • Staff training
Elements of Third-party Certification
Building Envelope Size
Insulation
quantity
quality
Air tightness
Windows and doors
Elements of Third-party Certification
Equipment Requirements
Heating equipment
Water heaters
Dishwashers
Lighting
Fresh air ventilation
Elements of Third-party Certification
Mechanical Systems
• Proper sizing
• Duct sealing and testing
• Ducts inside
• Zonal pressure relief
• Combustion zone testing
Performance Testing
Earth Advantage Certification
Tiers • Silver • Gold • Platinum
Targeted at mainstream Builder friendly Simple checklist/points system Modest cost
Earth Advantage 2008 Points Worksheet
Tiers Silver 90 Gold 120 Platinum 140
Earth Advantage 2008 Points Worksheet
Online Platform
Certification Programs
What’s a simple fella to do?
Efficiency vs. Consumption
MPG or Gallons?
Why energy labeling? • Guides performance • Guides behavior • Drives market • Promotes improvements • Enables comparison
National labeling efforts
! HERS Index ! EnergySmart Home Scale
! Energy Performance Score (EPS)
! HES-Pro ! Home Energy Score (US DOE)
Energy Labeling
Two elements – Modeling engine – Communication/
Management Tool
HERS index ! HERS index a recognized index
of efficiency
! Used in EEM and EIM products
! Modeling tool used by RESNET raters
! HERS index on 100 – 0 scale indicates energy efficiency relative to HERS reference home
! HERS index does not factor house size
! HERS index works well for new homes to calculate delta
! Non-comparable between homes
! Does not offer sense of magnitude of energy use
EPS (consumption) Score of 62
EPS (consumption) Score of 178
Consumption vs Index Both homes have an EE Index HERS score of 70…
Index vs. actual consumption
! Asset label should indicate energy consumption
! Asset label to account for house size
! Asset label should allow home-to-home comparison
! Asset label could highlight carbon measure
Desirable outcomes of energy labeling
! Asset label to address new and existing homes
! Offer mechanism to assess increased appraised value
! M&V builders and contractors; validates retrofit
! Empower Realtors with sales proposition
! Scale incentives to labeled performance
! Link housing stock to carbon footprint & GHG reduction goals
! Offer transparent tracking for Program Administrators of the energy and carbon improvements
MPG for new & existing homes
Asset rating: The needed MPG for homes Absolute annual site energy consumption Associated annual carbon emissions
Energy Performance Score (EPS)
Why was the EPS developed? • Needed to provide clarity to certification claims • Needed to allow home-to-home comparison • Needed to quantify energy consumption • Needed something builders could brag about • Needed to educate homebuyers about a home’s energy use
and associated carbon emitted
Energy Performance Score
The Energy Performance Score
Where EPS is used
• Oregon • Washington • Massachusetts • Virginia
Free market adoption
“We use EPS information as a marketing tool to help sell our homes. The EPS is an amazingly innovative tool that will help us transform the Seattle real estate market.” -- Aaron Fairchild, president of G2B Ventures, Seattle-based real estate investment firm.
Multiple Listings
The EPS Program Infrastructure A Holistic Modular Approach
State of Washington pilots
Community PowerWorks (financing)
Audit & Energy Labeling
Auditor Training
Realtor & Appraiser Education
Web Portal
Competitive contractor bids
BPI QA
The EPS Ecosystem
Lender
Insurer
Appraiser
Real Estate Broker
Preferred mortgage rate
Utility
preferred premium
Incentives, rewards
Home builder
Energy Auditor/Contractor
Reflect high building performance
Before and after QC
Workforce training, bigger pie
More EE comp data for higher evaluation
More info to help sell
EPS listing, just like property taxes
Increasing jobs, scaling the market
QC Auditor
EPS Web Portal
Remodeler/ Energy Contractors
BPI-certified Energy Auditor
Audit coordination, EPS score, recommendation report
Lenders
Competitive bid
Competitive bid
Competitive bid
Competitive bids
Database
City/Utility/Program Manager
EE/CO2 Data
Home owner
Before and after QC
Utility
Incentives, rewards
EPS architecture
! Cloud-based database with embedded EPS SIMPLE algorithm ! Wireless data entry in the field. ! ARRA reporting
Auditor Interface: Audit Preview Screen
EPS architecture Web Information Portal
! Trust: consumer ratings of contractors
! Simplicity: finance approval & contractor bid review and scheduling
! Accountability: Post-job EPS audit validates increased performance
Passive House and EPS
Heating, Cooling, DHW, Auxiliary and Household Electricity 1.3 3.5 1.92 kWh/(ft2yr) kWh/(ft2yr) lb/(ft2yr)
Total Primary Energy Use Intensity 3.5 kWh/(ft2yr)
Total Emissions, CO2-Equivalent 1.9 lb/(ft"yr) (Yes/No)
Primary Energy
Requirement 11.1 kWh/(ft2yr) Yes
Final Energy Primary Energy Emissions CO2-Equivalent
CHOOSE UNITS: kWh/(ft2yr) kWh/(ft2yr) lb/(ft2yr)
Final Energy X Treated Floor Area = EPS
Operational vs. Embodied Energy
A Life Cycle Assessment Based Approach to Prioritizing Methods of Preventing Waste from Residential Building Construction, Remodeling, and Demolition in the State of Oregon, Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, 2009
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Net-Zero
A building that produces as much energy as it consumes over the
course of one year.
Typical Oregon home = 100,000 btu/year 29,300 kWh/year
Average House
29,000 kWh/year = 24Kw PV system
The Energy Pyramid
Source: Earth Advantage
Renewables - Solar hot water - Photovoltaic panels - Wind machines
Equipment - High efficiency - Ducts inside - Ductless heat pump
Windows - Triple pane - Low-e - Gas fill
Building Shell - Insulation - Air sealing
Plug Loads Dominate
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Heating 19%
Cooling 5%
Water Heat 13%
Plug 63%
Energy Savings Example
Marine High Desert
Wall from R30 to R40 100,000 200,000
Floor R38 to R44 300,000 500,000
Window U-0.28 to U-0.22
400,000 700,000
HSPF 9.5 to 10.5 200,000 300,000
ACH 2.5 to 1.5 300,000 700,000
1 kW PV 3.7 mmBtu 4.8 mmBtu
Btus 15
14 s
quar
e fo
ot h
ouse
Cost per Million Btus
Marine High Desert
Solar water heater $513 $366
Photovoltaic $450 $330
Optimize Efficiency and Generation
Parker, D., " Very Low Energy Homes in the United States: Perspectives on Performance from Measured Data", Prepared for the National Academy of Sciences and submitted to Energy & Buildings, August 2008.
Energy Monitoring
!
EcoVentures NW
Earth Advantage Zero Energy
• Building certification: ENERGY STAR, Earth Advantage or equivalent
• Projected EPS equals 0
• Performance testing: – Blower door – Ventilation balancing – Equipment commissioning
• Energy-use monitoring
