Food safety

Better Training for Safer Food Initiative

26-30 June 2017

Monique Gerrits & Bram de Hoop BTSF National Plant Protection Organization of the Netherlands

Plant Health: Surveillance & control of outbreaks Session 1: International standards & EU legislation

Food safety

Main topics

1

1. International Framework (IPPC, EPPO) 2. EU legislation 2000/29/EC 3. EU legislation surveillance 4. Art 16 EU Emergency Decisions 5. Discussion

Food safety

2

Phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae)

Most important grapevine pest in history. 1881 Start of European plant health legislation

1. International Framework

Food safety

3

Pest Risk Mitigation

1899: First NPPO: Netherlands Plant Protection Service

export apple trees to USA (safeguards against San José Scale)

1. International Framework

Food safety

4

1. International Framework

1950s Introduction & spread

Colorado Beetle

(Leptinotarsum decemlineata)

Measure:

Prohibit potato from USA/Canada

Why:

Cost estimate eradication (NL) Euro 3 MILLION

Establishment EPPO 1951

Starting point IPPC

https://www.eppo.int

1951 Establishment of EPPO The European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization

Food safety

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1. International Framework: IPPC

International Agreements

1947 GATT

Trade Agreements Plant Health agreements

1993 ISPM no. 1

2016 ISPM no. 37

1951 IPPC

FORMAL LINK 1994 WTO/SPS

1997 IPPC

REVISED

TEXT

https://www.ippc.int/en

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

1947

1949

1951

1956

1960

-61

1964

-67

1973

-79

1986

-94

DOHA

2001

YEARS

Phylloxera Convention, Bern 1881

Modified Phylloxera Convention, Bern 1889

International Phytopathological Convention of Rome, 1914

International Convention for the Protection of Plants, Rome 1929

EPPO - 1951

International Plant Protection Convention, Rome 1951

https://www.wto.org/

Duration trade rounds

Food safety

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- Important ISPMs

- ISPM 5 Glossary of Phytosanitary Terms

- ISPM 6 Guidelines for surveillance

- ISPM 9 Guidelines for pest eradication programs

- ISPM 15 Wood packaging material in international trade

- ISPM 17 Pest reporting: Quarantine pests

ISPM 31 Sampling

1. International Framework: IPPC

Art IV.2 (b) IPPC

the surveillance of growing plants, including both areas under cultivation (inter alia fields,

plantations, nurseries, gardens, greenhouses and laboratories) and wild flora, and of plants

and plant products in storage or in transportation, particularly with the object of reporting the

occurrence, outbreak and spread of pests, and of controlling those pests, including the

reporting referred to under Article VIII paragraph 1(a); …

Food safety

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FLOW CHART EU Phytosanitary framework

Surveillance: Outbreak detected

Surveillance Tracing

Awareness raising

EU Harmonisation? Eradication

EU

harmonised

measures

SCOPAFF

1. International Framework

EU legislation MS, EPPO, EFSA

PRA IPPC - ISPMs

WTO notification

Pest Status MS: NPPO

Food safety

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EU Plants http://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/index_en.htm

• Genetically modified organisms

• Pesticides

• Plant reproductive material

• Plant Health and Biosecurity => http://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/plant_health_biosecurity_en

• Plant property rights

2. EU legislation 2000/29/EU

Food safety

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2. EU legislation Plant Health

Food safety

Standing Committee on Plant Health

1. Working language: English

2. Vote: qualified majority

3. Simultaneous translation

4. One meeting each month

5. Time frame per topic: - Introduction - Discussion - Opinion (vote)

6. NEW legislation 2 months up to 2 years

2. EU legislation 2000/29/EU

National Plant Protection Organization of the NETHERLANDS Ministry of Economic Affairs

Directive 2000/29/EC

Articles

1 - 29

Annexes

I – V (IX)

Control Measures

Council Directives on control of harmful

organisms

69/464/EEC Synchytrium endobioticum

(69/465/EEC) 2007/33/EC G.Pallida

G.Rostochiensis

98/57/EC (+2006/63/EC)

Ralstonia solanacearum

93/85/EEC (+2006/56/EC)

Clavibacter michiganensis sep.

Derogations (15x)

Ware potatoes; 2004/4/EC Egypt 2003/63/EC Cuba

2015/789/EC Xylella fastidiosa 2012/138/EC Anoplophora chinensis 2012/270/EC Epitrix 2012/535/EC Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

‘Amended by’

2016/2031 (article 15a)

Commission decisions

Preambules

ISPMs

Certain Bonsai plants; 2008/826/EEC Japan

07-01-2010

COMMISSION Directives

92/90/EEC Registration

92/70/EEC Establishment PZ

98/22/EC 2004/103

93/50/EEC Registration

2004

92/105/EEC Plant Passport amended by 2005/17/EC

94/3/EEC

2008/61/EC

COMMISSION REGULATION

Regulations

examples

Consolidated version Directive 2000/29/EC

Diagnostic

Protocols & Procedures

Notification of interceptions

Requirements for import locations

Experimental materials

examples Emergency measures (11x)

M.J. van Sabben

2004/105/EC model PC

EC 690/2008 Protected Zones EC/738/2005 Solidarity

EU plant health legislation

Consumers, Health And Food Executive Agency

12

4. EU legislation surveillance

‘Survey’ in 2000/29/EC (2017 consolidated) 1. Definition protected zones: art. 2.1 (h) Survey required before recognition of protected

zone. If harmful organism present in EU:

regular, systematic official surveys

2. Meloidogyne chitwoodi & M. fallax Annex IVAII – 25.4 (dd) – only for areas where these pests are known to occur.

Consumers, Health And Food Executive Agency

13

4. EU legislation surveillance

‘Official checks at random’ - 2000/29/EC – art. 12. 1. At any time, any place where plant products are moved.

2. …growers, producers, storage, sale, purchasers. 3. ..any other documentary check, …other than plant health.

Consumers, Health And Food Executive Agency

14

EU Emergency measures

• What are they?

• temporary harmonised measures

• when the plant health directive is not enough

The aim: to prevent introduction and spread of pests presenting unacceptable risks to EU

4. EU Emergency measures

Food safety National Plant Protection Organization of the NETHERLANDS Ministry of Economic Affairs

4. EU Emergency measures

Example art 16.1 & 16.3 2007/410/EC PSTVd

2006 NL survey Pospiviroids - Solanaceae ornamental plants

2007 Major NL survey eradication action => art 16.1

2007 – 2011 High % contaminated plants (10 – 30% per MS)

2015 Repeal 2007/410/EC - Modification

NL2014 survey

companies end product

2 companies positive

1200 tests 14

tests

Propagation companies

186 companies

Ca. 2.500

samples

All negative

Solanum jasminoides

Brugmansia

Horticulture & Agriculture

Food safety

Food safety

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Surveillance & sampling PSTVd

4. EU Emergency measures

Horticulture & Agriculture

Food safety

Eradication PSTVd

18

3. EU Emergency measures

Horticulture & Agriculture

Food safety

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3. EU Emergency measures

Horticulture & Agriculture

NEW:

- Epitrix papa instead E. similaris

- 500 m demarcation

(instead of 100 m).

- UK measures

still in place.

July 2016 – amendment Epitrix 2012/270

19 National Plant Protection Organization of the Netherlands Ministry of Economic Affairs

Food safety

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20

National Plant Protection Organization of the Netherlands Ministry of Economic Affairs

May 2016

Dec 2014

EU amendment April 2016

- Demarcation IT

- Containment - No clearcut requirements

100 m.

- No longer testing of plants from pest free

areas & tissue culture material.

Xylella fastidiosa

2015/789/EC

4. EU Emergency measures

Horticulture & Agriculture

National Plant Protection Organization of the NETHERLANDS Ministry of Economic Affairs Titel van de presentatie | 20 oktober 2010

Ministerie van Economische Zaken, Landbouw en Innovatie

21

EU Plant Health United in Diversity

How to protect plant health…Work together.

Food safety

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Pros & Cons of EU legislation 2000/29/EC

PROS

(i) Targeted system

(emergency measures)

(ii) Harmonised

(iii) Equivalent management options

(iv) IPPC, WTO proof.

(v) Technical decision body separate

from political decision body.

(vi) Solidarity funds (outbreaks)

(vii) NPPO Required.

(viii) Reporting obligations.

CONS

(i) slow system (modification)

(ii) No recognition company quality

systems

(iii) Too many pests

(iv) Too detailed

(v) Not enough detail

(vi) No provisions for travellers

(vii) No specific penalties

(viii) No compensation growers

(IX) No survey obligations

targeting new pests

5. Discussion

Food safety

Useful websites on EU regulated pests & new pests

23

1. EPPO Global database: https://gd.eppo.int/

2. EPPO Alert List: https://www.eppo.int/QUARANTINE/Alert_List/alert_list.htm?utm_source=www.eppo.org&utm_medium=int_redirect

3. EFSA: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/science/plant-health

4. EUROPHYT (databases on interceptions and outbreaks).

(Restricted access).

5. NPPO websites: APHIS, DEFRA, Forestry Commission UK

(e.g. UK Plant Health Risk Register)

https://secure.fera.defra.gov.uk/phiw/riskRegister/

6. CABI Crop Protection Compendium http://www.cabi.org/cpc/

7. New disease report of the BSPP http://www.ndrs.org.uk/

Food safety

Questions

24

• What is the most important reason for having international phytosanitary standards?

• What type of expertise is needed for eradication and surveillance programmes?

5. Discussion

Food safety

Better Training for Safer Food

BTSF • European Commission

Consumers, Health and Food Executive Agency DRB A3/042

L-2920 Luxembourg