38

Best Management Practices Handbook

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Chapter 28.01 of the Lincoln Municipal Code wasapproved by the Lincoln City Council on June 25,2007. Through a federal mandate that isimplemented through the Nebraska Departmentof Environmental Quality, the City of Lincoln andother Nebraska communities are required toregulate stormwater runoff from construction sites.This guide has been developed to assist thebuilding industry in erosion and sediment controlto comply with stormwater requirements onconstruction sites.

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������� ���� ������This guide outlines the process of obtaining a"permit" for land disturbance associated withbuilding construction and provides examples oftypical measures used for erosion and sedimentcontrol during construction activity. The examplesin the following pages are referred to as BestManagement Practices or ("BMPs"). In mostcases you will be implementing just a few of theseBMPs. Most of the examples in this guide havean image of a "good" compliance practice ( ) oran example of a site violation ( ). Please reviewthe guide and select the BMP(s) you will need formanaging your site.

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������ ������ ��������������������������������� �Erosion and sediment control are importantelements in protecting the water quality in ourstreams and lakes. Dirt and other pollutants thatwash off construction sites ultimately drain toLincoln's streams and lakes untreated. Controllingerosion and sediment on a construction siteprevents adverse impacts to water resources andthe environment, and it is also federally mandated.

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����� ������������ ����������������������������������������������� Based upon the Clean Water Act, theEnvironmental Protection Agency administersregulations for protecting streams and lakes frompollutants that come from construction activity.In Nebraska, EPA delegates the administrationof these regulations to the State of Nebraska.

����� !������"������������������������������� The Nebraska Department of EnvironmentalQuality is required to create state-specificregulations based on the EPA minimum requirements. In turn, Lincoln and other Nebraskacommunities are required to develop and enforcelocal programs based on the NDEQ minimumrequirements.

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As required by NDEQ, the City of Lincoln hasimplemented regulations for construction activityby adopting Chapter 28.01 of the LincolnMunicipal Code. The City of Lincoln has alsodeveloped Chapter 9. "Erosion and SedimentControl," of the Drainage Criteria Manual toprovide detailed guidance and criteria forconstruction activity.

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Erosion control is the practice of preventing orcontrolling wind or water erosion in agriculture,land development and construction. This usuallyinvolves the creation of some sort of physicalbarrier, such as vegetation to absorb some of theenergy of the wind or water that is causing theerosion. In general terms erosion control is theprocess of keeping dirt in place. For example,sodding, seeding, and landscaping preventerosion of dirt.

Sediment Control methods are employed toprevent dirt from leaving the construction siteafter it has eroded from its original location.For example sediment control practices includesilt fences, sediment traps, earth dikes, drainageswales, storm drain inlet protection, andsedimentation basins.

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EPA requires permit coverage for parcels thatare part of a "larger common plan of developmentor sale". This is defined as a contiguous areawhere separate and distinct construction activitiesmay be taking place at different times on differentschedules under one plan. For example, if adeveloper buys a 20-acre parcel, builds roads,and installs utilities with the intention ofconstructing homes or other structures in thefuture, those parcels are considered part of alarger common plan of development or sale.If the land is parceled off or sold, and constructionoccurs on individual lots that are less than oneacre, the parcel is subject to construction activitypermitting requirements since the individual lotswere included on the original site plan.

The larger common plan of development or salealso applies to other types of land developmentsuch as industrial parks or well fields. A permit isrequired if one or more acres of land will bedisturbed, regardless of the size of any of theindividually-owned or developed sites.

When applying for a building permit at the Buildingand Safety Department, you have two options.

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����������' The Developer Retains Full Responsibilityfor All Stormwater MeasuresIf you're building in a subdivision where a StormwaterPollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) permit number isheld by the developer, you can request that numberand place it on your building permit application.

Under this option the homebuilder or owner agreesto all terms of the developer's SWPPP which shouldmeet all federal, state, and local requirements.Developers providing their SWPPP permit numberagree to enforce any issues of non-compliancerelated to stormwater discharge on the builders' lots.See Chapter 28.01 Regulations for Construction SiteDischarges at lincoln.ne.gov keyword: mud.Any builder desiring to use the SWPPP number from adeveloper when obtaining a building permit, will need tohave a signed form from the developer approving theuse of that SWPPP number specifically for the addressfor which the building permit is for. If a builder doesn'thave such a letter with the necessary information,then Option Two applies.

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GarageCONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY SWPPP

SWPPP Permit Number #

If all portions of the Building Permit applicable arecomplete and the SWPPP number is provided toBuilding and Safety, there should be no delays in thebuilding permit process.

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If you're building in a subdivision under this option,you'll need to obtain your own ConstructionStormwater Permit from the City of Lincoln.

The Builder Has Full Responsibilityfor All Stormwater Measures

Individual Lot

Office Use Only

Construction Stormwater Permit #Received By

Notice of Intent (INOI)For Coverage Under the Federal Clean Water Act

Submission of this form supercedes aPollution Prevention Plan (SWPPPnotification and disch

For Construction Activity that is Part of a Larger Common Plan of D

Under this option, the builder/owner assumes soleresponsibility for any Stormwater violations which maybe caused by the builder/owner on their lot during thebuilding phase of construction. However, thedeveloper has the option to notify the City of Lincolnabout any issues of builder/owner non-compliance.The City of Lincoln will have enforcement actionauthority with the builder/owner of the lot.

On the reverse side of the INOI form are 10statements that will need to be read and initialed.

An individual lot Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan(SWPPP) is also required with the submission of theIndividual Lot INOI.

An individual lot site plan is also required as part ofthe Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP)and the Individual Lot INOI. Three site plans areavailable (see pages 6-8) depending on the directionof how the drainage flows on or off the lot.

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Inspections shall be performed at least onceevery 14 days during active construction andfollowing any rain event of one half inch orgreater. Below is an example inspection form.

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1. Site Conditions

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Inspection:

Inspection Date/Time: Inspector:

Contractor: Address:

Weekly Rain Event Amount

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Erosion control BMP'scould have helpedprevent this type ofdischarge into a local creek.

Erosion control BMP'shelp prevent sedimenttrackout in the publicright of way.

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Perennial cool season grasses are the mostcommonly used on residential projects. Bluegrassspecies can be used in irrigated areas but willrequire plenty of maintenance such as ongoingfertilizer applications. In rural areas where grasseswill be mowed frequently many types of fescue areavailable. Fescue grasses can be drought resistantand in turn require less moisture. Cool seasongrasses can be planted in spring or fall. Thesegrasses have a very shallow root structure.There are many warm season grasses native toNebraska. These grasses are normally found inrural areas but are also used in select areas inresidential plantings. Planting of warm seasongrasses is normally in the spring and can be plantedin the dormant season. Warm season grasses havea very deep root structure, are very drought tolerant,and require only normal rainfall for irrigation.

Establishing finalstabilization onprojects can beachieved in anumber ofdifferent ways.Vegetationestablishmentis the keycomponent inprovidingerosion control.

Sodding providesinstant erosion control.

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The process ofapplying seed,

fertilizer, andmulch in a single

application.

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Applying compost into existing clay and sandy soilsis an excellent method for consistent turfestablishment. Compost not only allows thesoil to drain but also provides needed soilnutrients.

Erosion control blankets are applied afterseeding. They are commonly used on slopesand concentrated flow areas. They serve notonly as an erosion control method but also asa mulch application for retaining soil moisture.

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Often straw or hay mulch is used following seedplanting. It is an excellent source for retainingmoisture in the soil.

Mulch can also be used as a temporary groundcover for erosion control.

Crimping is advised to anchor mulch into the soil.

The recommended application ratefor straw or hay mulch is two tonsper acre. This is how the properapplication rate should appear.

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Use of perennial grasses in landscapinghelps retain rain water.

Rain Gardens are increasing in popularitynationwide. They not only decreasestormwater runoff they can also be fun forthe home gardener.

Maintenance is probably the singlemost important part of the process.Even with the best intentionsmaintenance will be required.

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Once vegetation has been stripped from thehome site, sediment controls to protect the publicright-of-way are the only option. Sediment controlBMPS will not only help reduce sediment in theright-of-way, but will also assist in minimizingtrack out.

This photo is an example ofsediment in the street whichis a violation.

Without adequatesediment controlBMPS, sedimentcan be deposited

into the publicright-of-way, into

the storm drainagesystem, and

ultimately reacheslocal creeks

and streams.

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XWhy use sediment Control BMPS?

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After identifying directions of flowand prior to lot excavation, silt fenceis a sediment control option.

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Silt fence also isan option for soilstockpiles storednear streetsand outlots.

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Straw wattles or compost logscan be utilized for perimetersediment control as well asstockpile protection.

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Straw wattle or compost log detail

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A temporary rock drive with a geotextile liner isan excellent option to avoid track out.

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An alternate to a rock drive is the use of avehicle tracking pad.

A vehicle tracking pad could have been used below.This is the result of a delivery truck crossing three lots.The owners of these lots are no longer in compliancedue to the actions of others.

The above picture shows the use of vehicletracking pad. Even in wet conditions there is nomud tracking.

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Curb inlet protection is avital part in preventingsediment from entering thestorm drainage system andultimately local creeks andstreams. However, inletprotection is not areplacement for perimetersediment controls.Maintenance (street cleaning)is a must.

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Portable toilets should not be placed in thepublic right of way.

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If possible portable toilets should be at least ten feet behind curb,at least 20 feet from any storm drain, and should be anchoredon all corners.

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XThis is adrywall compound slurry, and other solidwaste. The drywall slurry is considered achemical spill, which is a violation.

combination of scrap drywall,

Paint cleanup should not occurnear any body of water orany storm drain.

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Chemicals such as paint, thinners, drywallcompounds, and concrete cure should be storedin an enclosed area such as a job trailer, inside agarage, or in an approved storage facility.

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Trash piles can be transported during rainevents clogging inlets and cause flooding.

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Refuse containers should be used toprevent pollution and transport solid waste.

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solid waste transport during a rain event.The curb inlets became clogged with loose building materials.

This street was flooded due to

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Each development should have designatedconcrete washout areas. If none exist contactthe developer. The photo below is one exampleof a concrete washout area. There are manyvariations and designs for concrete washout areas.If maintenance is needed contact the developer.Never wash concrete into the storm drain.

Concrete washout areas should be designated inevery development. Any concrete washout outsideof designated areas is a violation.

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Keeping streets clean is one of themost important areas for achievingcompliance. This may happen oncea week or maybe at the end of eachwork day depending on weatherconditions and the amount oftrack out.

XStockpiling on ajoining lots not owned by youis a violation. This photo is an example ofleft over soil, trash, and debris from ajoiningconstruction not associated with this owner.The owner of this lot is now out of compliance.

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Cleaning streetsrequire periodicstreet sweeping.

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Cleaning streetsmay requiresome time witha shovel.

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is vital to compliance success. Regulators,developers, builders and trade contractors alikeneed to keep open lines of communication.

Builders and developers alike have been forcedto share liability with trade contractors. To avoidproject liability pay attention to all signage.

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Many builders are creating legally bindingBuilder/Trade Contractor Agreements.These agreements certify that trade contractorsagree to the terms and conditions of the City ofLincoln ordinance Chapter 28.01. While tradecontractors contribute to the overwhelmingsuccess of each project, builders have nochoice but to pass liability to everyone involvedwith building projects.

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The picture above was taken after work hours oron a weekend. Can you name the violationsaccording to federal and state regulations as wellas City of Lincoln Chapter 28.01 and 28.02?

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�� ��� ' Silt fence needs maintenance.Mortar from mixer has been spilled.Morter bags under the wheelbarrow are notstored in an enclosed area.Chemical drum is not stored in anenclosed area.Sediment in the street.

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��� ���� The State of Nebraska is required by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)to meet conditions of the Clean Water Act.As a requirement of EPA the NebraskaDepartment of Environmental Quality(NDEQ) is required to meet or exceedthose conditions of EPA. In turn, anymunicipality with a population of 10,000or greater is required to meet or exceedthe conditions set forth by NDEQ. Due to population size the City of Lincoln isrequired by federal and state law to meetthe requirements of the Clean Water Act.

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The City may take enforcement actionsagainst any party for non-compliance byshutting down a site and/or leveling fines.You may also be in violation with theState General Permit, administered by NDEQ, and also in violation of EPArequirements.

�/�3�12��942146�7463948�Erosion and sediment control is aprocess of reducing or limiting theamount of pollutants entering streams,lakes, and waterways, through the useof BMPs.

�/�3��9��24=���942146�7463948����2�The best way to control erosion is toestablish vegetation. This could consist ofsod, seeding, landscaping, mulching, orblankets made of straw or a straw coconutfiber mixture over a seed bed.

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No. Erosion and sediment control alsoextends to construction debris, gravel,grass clippings, oil, gasoline, paints,thinners, solvents, drywall compounds,raw sewage, and anti freeze, just to namea few. Any of these items are a danger towater quality if allowed to enter lakes,streams, or waterways.

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�/�3�12���<488;3�63�The term pollutant is defined very broadlyin the Clean Water Act. It includes anytype of industrial, municipal, and agriculturalwaste discharged into water. Some examplesare dredged soil, solid waste, incineratorresidue, sewage, garbage, sewage sludge,munitions, chemical wastes, biologicalmaterials, radioactive materials, heat,wrecked or discarded equipment, rock,sand and cellar dirt.

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sale" is a contiguous area where multipleseparate and distinct construction activitiesmay be taking place at different times ondifferent schedules under one plan.

A "larger common plan of development or

Forexample, if a developer buys a 20-acreparcel, builds roads, and installs utilitieswith the intention of constructing homesor other structures in the future, thoseparcels are considered part of a largercommon plan of development or sale.If the land is parceled off or sold, andconstruction occurs on individual lots

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that are less than one acre, the parcel issubject to construction activity permittingrequirements since the individual lotswere included on the original site plan.

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All construction activities one acre or largermust obtain permit coverage. Constructionactivities less than one acre must alsoobtain coverage if they are part of a largercommon plan of development or sale.

�/�3�12��6�C�>�:;�3�C� 13���8�6�549��6>1?1>;�8��432�For "Individual Site Plans" (Type A, B, or Con pages 6-8) your site plan must containenough information to satisfy the City ofLincoln that the problems of erosion andsedimentation have been adequatelyaddressed for a proposed project. Thecomplexity of the plan should be sufficientfor the size of the project, the severity ofsite conditions, and the potential for off-sitedamage from stormwater discharge.

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Rock Krzyckicell: 402-306-5936

[email protected]

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Designed by Citizen Information Center 10/2012

Visit our website atlincoln.ne.govkeyword: noi

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