-
UNDIES
by
V. 0. AUMm
,JJO WEAON
Baifb CoIWpy V URI
Best Availabe Copy
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BestAvailabl
copy
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Umtha& mj Termfrm Halistice Labratory
mm D"rt s. lo17
21 fty 19t"
GOO~2
I ifJ~droji.ttrs ~.tem .. teeet ete ~~t i~ftift' NIW,
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Page
Abstract .. . .................... ... 2
Kxp losucive hge . . . .-- :--::* . . . .. . .Cubicle~aonc..
...... .... .... ,.l
lupulse:io ".......g Gge......... ........... *.3De scription of
the Test .0 . * . . . . . .. . *. 3Inplosive Chnarges. . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 2Cubicle Kanclsures . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 34impulse S•tpying plus" ases .............. 3Charge
location and Support . .. .. .. .. .. . .. 3
S"tr~ntation .................... 4_ UMlee vasreets .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. . .... 4
sesults and Discussion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
..Colclusions .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6Referen~cesa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6SAppendies:
A. Total Wall hipulse Mmssurem•nts* B. Analysis of Errors in
Distance, Tim aud Velocity
C. Distribution
Figures:I. Test Ar!!foat of Hrhdvare
2-7. Type ftlf "C" Cubicle impulse Values8-16. Type %C" Cubicle
I1s4lse H uramts17-25. "2C'ON Cubicle lmis ao srat
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I
Fpetlasutal results are Pteseted an tabu spiatet~ me
die.tribution of the pressurze•tim blast loadiue rehultiun two
internalbla•ts an the walls of peftially vented malosures. IQr toi
tswere conducted usin 1/6 scale steel oodals of typical
storecubicles subjected to the isternal detonation of serical
bWi•pentolite charps. The priecipal variablea veto: the chg nineits
location within the e~loed space, and ths e mpe of theenclosed
apace.
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N FaEl
This wftk was condtzed under ZMWS Task No.
PW-3-8-000/210-I/NO-10.004 to Stu* the bleat loading on dividing
walls,resulftis ft. internal omplostans, with a virw to providing
thebleat lbading infora~ion required for specifying design
criteriafor eeplosive vtorap and amufaceurift facilities.
this report is based im a series of tests conducted byP. .
AUMMsI, W. Graha" auto C. F. JobS of the Warhead and Terial
Ullistica Laboratory.
AckowedgmetisgSivitutoK. bt and G.V.E Gmll oftheMptation and
Analysis Leborittory for their sursestions in test
aw*$ Ad the eatatstiA¢e Interpretation of the test data.
this re~rt has been reviemd by the following Per~ao"I of*the •
at d and Tm I lBailistice Laboratory:
J. C. nu , 6td, tseaasch SwimtinV. It adm11, Assistant
Oftee~te1. 1. Smaga , Director
AchictTechnical Director
al
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T1,14to i a report of an erparwztal investigation to deteststhe
magitude and diet ributiern of r*&&multisS fromt
iaternlblast an the walls of a #tt4&lly vwsted ecalosur. fte
effectsof at? blast In free air and is c*Wletoly =enlosed spaces
havebeen studied both experiasmntaLlly and mnlytically (see reotewA
(1)and (2)). The application of thes data to blast in partially
wintedenclosuresl, howevver, is subject to sawn maeertafttys,
parfclewl4nythen undetonatet voluseo of charge are an appreciable
fraction ofthe enclosure volem. The toots descrtbA Wafts were
conuted tofurnish directly applicable data, and to provids a batter
masw
Lug f penoenaInvolved.
The tests ware des usd, to furnish data fft um~ in tke espk-give
storage div1414 wall problem. Vatriou fttecnaf"besplos ive charges
wean nly stored in toe wLAic o are ftefrom adjacent intera spacs by
divI& walls. fepl yppof the dividftg "-Il is to prentwt
&.9aftwflta Is cane .2 CMdetonation of any stored item. For
Woftqi*0=facility and land it 1. desirable to set the **Uwe e tora,
li#itac high as possible consistent with th peftf feta& flttns,
Pull scale tastesrewv h ~af-t~so Ntously =ade estimates of o131en
getqv Ib. s ft " im-
sivclisit for a Siva a L~will be; tbe twItod4 tlarger eXplcsiwve
1 gta, eliter by @udiftcatin of Seap 0Ain being,, or by mew
contruction.
Storage facilit tan are m l onmt ftbfM Oacon of rectangular
cubicles of retaint cofceise wth rcWfl oatcue wall of relativaly 1w
cm rtf netat b4Vquickly inuM of Is01b MP w4zi fda utu
ame cubicte from c a st cflea. Tis leeO V41-1L, $d0 M
tests dsribed min *ft siiteu.. ft a ZItMttables considered to be
of major lagtot~e.
The princVipa var6U of We t ~wo the AA soe' f
tolocationwVitbiatb InwM set % ,VM tw o o 81W
"ac. Mhe teats wra ft**t4 11M A 4, wt f4$ Wstorag cubicles, both
wfR 6xto dat lm *modificattobell aetbr eaa t rettt lb M02rot A
&ftl
-
an can fs Uue of the ftith of A tt.tsle ift no cho toCOW1,wal S
GI.~ O ot 1 ftsen clstholufdtoies;
&",$ apte Ius tootinl alemom* ,st b oor mmSo ela n af * tof
la otm &VlAttvely
imno am** t601 vanto Softo owiv am ebflw-d*~~th *tmoo (Mii
theiseiy)
- an Ow o OA0 bepow- p
*Mou~boaf team emi tMlu-wm elm~p vafehmeUb-bsfl-atak'6Wumsetnfh
t' A,oumyekA'wofd
it l w lj Win tu "timae of the V82%
on-**t-09OM6 L("ts 01" poett6ow 4tAitn 6 *at.*tdwU ,e9
£nmftts
"ntMI oth o
-sfta#0sY'o
t ae
Alt oaoý,ftm %tomo
~~~~~~'~-1" O ft-'~ vtt 4 b --- -
- ~ *Mal
-
Kiectric bleating QV. Idat *W$ of 1/6-ot"al AW11 sre LAWd* The
were cboomn to &Vressa fll soalo #ugts rao a t
to 2M0 ponsIn a typical also of stars" CUSIU tc Ougt UThus tbeir
dieters were scaled In the rateo 116s, ead theirwe~lite In the
ratio (1/6)3. The Ltat d~tjj q,~ *ware tf"choso u to ~wtdo a £
ubtttcal prostassoum constant of L".8.Reduced and full GrAic tA4hto
are Lu08vat the fo11ouias table:
ftll $SOe 300 lUs 564 use. 106 lbs. 2M0 MD.
S I actle 1.39 tbs. 2.01 tbs. *4.9l lbs. 9.26 lbs.
All eaelose were coutmwted u dab t1 h Mob Steol plates
OMI Figu lt 1 . Its taterior h ston. of tMi twAled
"Clegarddelaea TpeC art me-situb h of a fi*u-stim atom" cose.le
sura~ei &w tedhlf "C" wereOw of tha wcbcewt oeof walb
reduced In the ratio ist. The Ssmotb 01V
awlm~e ware those of tho T~v "4?' w t tho the olfh Cm
The v1v3 W~a used for Is.lv 8wwa mae qe tIinch o hia eorby
oweLoeb 16" hibw er" 2l wd
ads=AW tzik. heyware PoseatloA0 In dviIed holt" ta the vall
hol: 141/2 Inches fad fter medrilled 1-3/4 Weh &0ft tbs1/4
imb t In ei s" to * o b ~te i , t
of action with a MiLUM clu *f A Ifh wat&L*4 of elitemugenas.
was uWe for lubricatmo.
To viab test a su cho was s erted s. bt U* *M* ositt~en. 2ag as
my it am In1,a to tbia w o
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p#,sible charg POsItiMn to te two largor cubicles and uix
suet,~oseilbl positions In t0hemaleait. The charges more
suftmadd
In the selected positioll frow a liHtU metal Iod lyling Cecross
thetop at the cubicle. TWe tkhec smaller sizes of charge ware
mu-
POW In aIW:I nylwnosab hair not. IMe 9.3 pound spheres
werissqparted by 2 inch vide, strips ci nylon mob. ftsitions of
thechages were saintained to within A1/4 Inich of the selected
point.
&bre& 141 ?satst camras wer. used to record et ion of
boththe flying plus sawe and the well Itself. The arranwut of
cubi-
clas cw" " i I rido my bn noon in fwigue M. IDMvod C10
bscuringSeffect of Moloszve prfea twa eesrto PuOL~on t-b gridst
several faet amy from the cubicles in thedireettiwA Of ph* flight.
the eatire, flight of the plugs. couldwat be £followe d, reeforeq
=4d tbas it uas necessary to positivelyidentify each plag with Its
oirIgInal position in the well by aseparate nes The use of color
Wals, color coding of plugs andcateflul facusing of cawaras on the
eqpected path of the plugs eadeposfsive identification possible,
emveswth the largest wf of0lugs used. The taferoince piA~s bed a
white baWron "V~1U/ inch wide limes, two LupartI. ItamlatioIoi
velocity ofIFAe centeir of =ass of sea plug ad the walls was
conputed from
i~witain veam -m- M-to on the film and converted to
TMe datlonc of tqlas vacelwd by Individual plugs andby su
watlimb ed o the followA"u:
th
4
pI -Z~MPR~
-
B8n=o the V1%% has a flnite area A over which a force or
presisureP is applied then~ by defivit ton the Uewulso is:
but P F/A va mA/A
tb~m I M/ I (tdt a a f
The tins duration ti to the period daitsn %m~cb the shock
"wSOORTP is applied to the cubicle waill ftis analysis requires
thea~ss tion that x o 4dwitu the period o to t,,;
coar4atiansdiscussed bW4ow indicate that this asemotinf io rreeb
-110.
An analysis of muzu ertnwsa In imees cr*ult lagft~m sitdras and
measuraemnt error may be famd to APeadIx 5.
Values of tte Imlve melveid at selected Fawito of the WA.for ths
various test candit-IAt we i= f 't Voes 2 tte" 25.
aaution of thmee 62te ra sl that to geeral ebare is
satiao.factory reproducibility and secltcomsistency of reselto. Tz
coasewhere a charge is located Gymrically with vevpt to tmE
M1ll6the sam l~alse %vuld be me~pcted at equiva lent goiats.spread
ins these values to Indicated on a mw ofteasu Asmilar spread of
value, s toindirumed fm seeral LnammasAfttests won repuated.
Self-comistmegy to "Indcaed byp the LsW1SwttIof pattemn of
distribution of Imse as ebarge watef io varied*holding other
Ptaramters Constant.
Asan additiosal cebck umthe omtrs In t&e d4ý4a vlass oftotal
ispulse for Individiual plate* Care dtat. 4 by CWt deeaeat man$.
The total matim ("an 1Ces W0416A, uvula*) of theplato, *ifle* Its
wase was Mm ol edtt~e ut ulfrom veokcity of Its center of ams. noe
tawtlt o teptwas catiatod frCO plugS data by MUMin of cbe data to
tasjO.%Asurfaces throulb mltiple "Pepesta eaw~tysls TM ipmaafewere
thm~ Intepated to obtain total tAMelse. S mrg yi
-
Involved in the process since the distributiona of Isfulse
outsidethe measured points is not known, and my change
drastically,, asfor instance by cormer reflection. The mnubers used
for compari-son were obtaindd by assuming the average of the
ispulso withinthe area bounded by known values, would be the
&apeag for theentfre plate. The compar1,uons coultA be ma~de
for a rather largenumbe r of the total value@, and are shown in
Appandiu A.
It will be noted that the total fiApulses calculated from
thedata points are generally somewhat- smaller than those
wasmredfwts the motion of the entire plate. In a few cages,
however,this Is reversed and a few agree quitAe well. It would be
ponsek-ble. though it was not done becatise off lack of time, to
make addi-tional checks using the rotational vellocity of the
plate. A pro-cea~rs ha been worked out to do this. This would give
sowinftontion as to thp distribution og Uipulas which could be
usedfor better fitting of data points to risgonse surfaces.
2he use of usdeling for measurement of the magnitudes
anddistribution of impulse in partially vent~ed enclosures is a
prec-tical procedure. Variation of parameters other than the ones
usvedIn this study could easily be done. Tor instance, freagible
topsor ftonts could be included or a vari-Tty of shapes could
boeWl6yed. to a number of cases a suiicien~r good measure
ofsipituft sad distribution of impulse might be obtainable from
matidn of tbr, entire plate moso for considerably loes effort
indata redu~ction than with the plug gagps. further
sigplificationot the p114 gag procsdure might also be possible,
such as by useof electronic velo--sy wasuregunt instead of the use
of camera.
1. Johnson, to T,., Iftitterson, J. D0. 11, and Olson, V. C.,
"ASimple *nhmnicad Wetbod for Nsamu~nft the Reflected IUlulseof Air
Keast Vates", RIL W~randm Report 11o. ION?, AberdeenFwovisS GrowkA,
Oftyland, July 1957
2 311" ~~ J. Not Eolmaeft 0. to* Patterson,, J. 9,!!U,
"a~cbhnicalIaRuISe aosrmt Close to Ruposive Oharges" M WtLImort3b.
1182, Aberdeen 1tovin- Ground, 1Maryan§, Nvme M
W!
-
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2 37 56s 553 943 35-.3 34.543 1006 1027 1i6" 62.5 a3.& 93.77
-. . 553 ... 333
3 39 5 543 675 33.v 31.7 9).a45 9on 1006 1265 61.2 U2.3 74.G
...-. 4036 200 214 M.14 41 463 493 351 30 so 32.5
81 2012 2415 3110 125 L0"5 36 700 474 90 43.5 29.4 53.6
42 1271 911 1361 78.9 58.6 93.36 38 680 483 717 42.3 30.0
42.3
44 120 8647 1201 75.0 52.6 75.6129 - -s. 892t o -- 52.6
7 40 653 424 560 W0.5 26.3 33.046 1150 644 1116 71.4 40.0 03.6s0
3715 -- 3370 231 -- 198.7
S .22 634 325 416 733 37.3 24.6 35.3144 741 474 396 441 537 776
28.0 26.l 37.531 -- SO -- 02 1310 ... 63.3141 270 831 . -. . 8 1252
49.2 -- 60.5as 314 -- 872 UN 1206 .-91 $14 -- a72 -- 10
--......
9 20 355 334 353 350 581 565 -- Aft137 335 350 353 340 581 562
24.4 23.4 31.433 524 -- 594 -- 1000 1519 -- 73.4
142 524 -- 594 --*o ( 1209 - 58.410 138 393 - 433 603 611 23.3
2S.6
34 02 -- M42 178 1011 1617 -- 13.5 78.1143 642 831 642 toi101
1733 49.2 0-(3.6
g0 on9 -- 9M - 1337 2M4 -- 3.11 19 $32 543 332 -- M 563 32.9 --
27.3
s o 1 -- 912 -- M8 .12 17 as - 423 *- 529 sO-as
33 SU2 - 52 - - 1303 6-- 3.267 9wM -- 960 -- 7 .. .
13 26 -s - 307 4-1 -- a-..MG8 594 453 0'7 34) 471 5m6 20.8 20.4
28.827 - -- 5s so 739 -- a,&....
140 - 845 - -- 739 1070 50.0 51,753 19 1491 -- 10 1621 G..2 .
.z
14 23 -- ss 330 ow5 5 513Z 5 330 536 79" 43.5 34.1 31.5so f" 485
1420 -- 0.3 48.6
139 074 so 792 Isis 51.? 4G.9 M3.82 1"m 972 110? 2474 9.8 1.4
11i
15 5 -- m - S51 .......m ft.6* 34.1
~34so 633 - 1468 Mo~ o*
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1t 2 ... .. $574 114 .... 54.3is * -v 92 IM 62.3 *- a.?63 . --.
3010 3191 -. -- 134.4
17 so 173 M 41 217 579 187 - 19.3 26.6110 a. .. 227 -- 187 a.f..
-.53 472 617 as 5$1 134 553 3* .3 27.0 29.1
119 472 aft 4" 617 354 S19 17.0 25.3 30.39, e53 . . I .. -- 39
.. - -
124 $53 7 7IN1 2use09 1- 9 1 .4 37.7 60.0S143 106- 1372 126..
.... , --
is 113 n)3 233 243 a * -111 -- 401 -- 540 .. 32.3127 M -. 93 1-
. a. --26t0 1)5 * 1353 -- 356 -. -- --
1..5 M 3 -- 313 357 Me - -11 551 I7 331 727 -- 54 36.1 33.3
20.0in 11 1425 1014 -- .1582 6..7 03.3
is 11H . 221 .. .. 1 7 .5 -- -.-It3" 319 0 -. -- ao.O1*0 16 9.u
MC I 43.9M41 17-- t0o0 938 -. .. ..
21 M, 10 g 2 504 2 a.5375 -. a.
a. - -- 875 105 .. 0.
U~S &V ~ 637 10 354- . 476 a22 2 "a f") 711 -- - 00 32:6
47.6 -
53 a. a 3"3 a 311 aC.*.121 149 3- 14 w.64 946 a 4INg. ISO 2843
949 M9 1424 1M -. 5.3
23 49 20 423 264 5994 -a-a 19.3 27.3 a54 483 m3 409 so5 w- 60
6.5 23.0 31.7
no0 919 1635 634 - 1117 73.0 -- 33.89912M.. - 1728 100.0
91.0
*24 51 293 457 ).93 -- 186 -- 21.0 aa58 37 M 39 36 " 70 37.5
10.0 30.0
122 ma 8a.75 1033 . -. 3.is 12? .,# -- a- --s a oa
52 9497 - 453 -- as 24 a- 43.41233. 1924 U999. 977 1472 60.2
71.
t.le~ 4 plae Iols e aeva~uned by fitttIM the plug L~tgue volow
toa 4ati souft" taf~ WA *Iftesmiu ame the plate amB.asate~dVpIl 9"b
ane im1uatd by *tam& plate vohctty am muga
cA LwagUM Owe. vw fbm do a eu i as mwe dam to dtrl
2
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SBlce the veloIty .f eke VIVO It WO . a~Veocityover~~~~~~i
ale"4t ottvt IV ts the starti "MAi It to
qofla to have ao nstsu of the ratio of the s"urd velntityto
thestnaonlocity. Vow aftr&&a@f atrit apltsu
V valocityaa distaces
ag dga colefflicin
of~ttamityooftsit
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0 Figure 11Iv~pukag values' at discrete points on the 3 veils
fromi centrallyinitiated wucploding pentolitt, apberbe placed at
the itZQwtof th~e noruals of the shaded pluscs.
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