Bernoulis Manual

BERNOULLI’S THEOREM APPARATUS

INTRODUCTION:

A fluid body can posses the types of energy, namely ;

POTENTIAL ENERGY

PRESSURE ENERGY

KINETIC ENERGY

1. POTENTIAL ENERGY : is the energy possed by the fluid body by vitue of its

position or location in space.

2. PRESSURE ENERGY : is the energy possed by the fluid body by virtue of the

pressure at which it is maintained.

3. KINETIC ENERGY : is the energy possed by the fluid body by virtue of its

motion.

DESCRIPTION :

The present apparatus is a self contained unit operated on a closed circuit basis consisting of

Sump Tank, Balancing Tank ( Supply Tank ), Collecting Tank (Delivery Tank ) connected to Venturimeter

with connections to Piezometer Tubes at different sections. A constant steady supply of water with a means

of manobloc pump-set with outlet delivery valve for floe control. There is also provision for measurement

of flow rate thus the velocity.

OBJECTIVE:

To verify the BERNOULLI’S EQUATION using the VENTURIMETER.

(LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY)

1

THEORY:

Bernoulli’s Theorem is stated as “ In a steady continuous flow of a frictionless

incompressible fluid, the sum of the Potential head, the pressure head & the Kinetic head is the same at all

points.

PROCEDURE:

1. Fill-in the Sump Tank with clean water, and add some quantity of coloured ink to it

2. Keep the delivery valve open.

3. Connect the powder cable to 1 ph, 220V, 10 Amps with neutral and earth connections

4. Switch-ON the pump. Now, you will find water flowing the collecting Tank through

Venturimeter.

5. Now, you find the different piezometric heads for corresponding points of Venturimeter for

constant supply head & delivery head.

6. Note down all the piezometric readings & Velocity head at particular point is also noted

separately by bringing the inserted probe to that point.

7. Note down height of water at supply tank & delivery tank.

8. Change the delivery head by pushing down the overflow pipe and repeat the experiment.

9. Also, change flow of rate and repeat the experiment.

2

PRECAUTIONS AND THINGS TO REMEMBER

1. Do not start pump set if the supply voltage is less than 300V (phase to phase voltage).

2. Do not forget to give electrical earth & neutral connections correctly. Frequently, at least once in three months, grease all visual moving parts.

3. Initially, fill-in the tank with clean water free from foreign material. Change the water every six months.

4. At least every week, operate the unit for five minutes to prevent any clogging of the moving parts.

5. To start and stop the supply pump, always keep Valve closed.

6. It is recommended to put clean water to avoid scale formation on Venturimeter.

7. In case of any major faults, Please write to manufacture, and do not attempt to repair.

3

EQUIPMENT : BERNOULLI’S APPARATUS

EXPERIMENT: TO VERIFY BERNOULLIS THEOREM {LAW OF

CONSERVATION OF ENERGY}

OBSERVATIONS:-

SL.NO

STATIC HEAD, mm of waterTIME

TAKEN FOR r cm RISE OF WATER

T ‘s’

BALA-

NCING

HEAD ‘mm’ P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10

AREAmm²

491 357 245 153 123 153 202 279 369 471

1.

2.

3.

4

CALCULATIONS TABLE:-

FORMULE USED:

5

10.

9.8.

7.6.

5.4.

3.2.

1.

Vel

ocity

V

m/s

Tota

l H

ead

Vel

ocity

V

m/s

Tota

l H

ead

Vel

ocity

V

m/s

Tota

l H

ead

SL.N

O

1. 2. 3.

Velocity

Where,

Q Q = Flow rate in m3/secVelocity = ----------- m / sec. a = Area of venturi in square meters

a

Discharge A x R Where,

Q = --------------- m3/sec A = Area of collecting tank t R = Rise of water level in meters

t = Time taken for R meters of water Rise

Total head

V2

H= P+ ………………. +Z 2g Where,

P= Pressure head from manometer, in m of water. Z= Potential head.

6

Guidance of Readings with CalculationTAPPINGS P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10

HEAD AT POINT IN cm 34.5 33.5 32.4 26 22 25 30.2 31.3 32 32.5

AREA OF VENTURI IN m2 0.000491 0.000357 0.000245 0.000153 0.000123 0.000153 0.000202 0.000279 0.000369 0.000471

SUPPLY HEAD IN cm 33.5 33.5 33.5 33.5 33.5 33.5 33.5 33.5 33.5 33.5

TIME FOR 5 cm of water IN sec10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2

AREA OF TANK IN m2 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.042DISCHARGE IN m3/sec 2.06E-04 2.06E-04 2.06E-04 2.06E-04 2.06E-04 2.06E-04 2.06E-04 2.06E-04 2.06E-04 2.06E-04VELOCITY IN m / sec 0.42 0.58 0.84 1.35 1.67 1.35 1.02 0.74 0.56 0.44TOTAL HEAD IN m 0.69 0.69 0.68 0.69 0.70 0.68 0.69 0.68 0.67 0.67

TAPPINGS P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10

HEAD AT POINT IN cm 35.5 35 34.5 29.9 25.2 31 33.2 33.7 33.8 34AREA OF VENTURI IN m2 0.000491 0.000357 0.000245 0.000153 0.000123 0.000153 0.000202 0.000279 0.000369 0.000471

SUPPLY HEAD IN cm 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36

TIME FOR 5 cm of water IN sec 11.28 11.28 11.28 11.28 11.28 11.28 11.28 11.28 11.28 11.28


TAPPINGS P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10

HEAD AT POINT IN cm 39.3 39.2 39 38.8 38.5 38.2 38.7 38.6 38.8 38.9AREA OF VENTURI IN m2 0.000491 0.000357 0.000245 0.000153 0.000123 0.000153 0.000202 0.000279 0.000369 0.000471

SUPPLY HEAD IN cm 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41

TIME FOR 5 cm of water IN sec 45.47 45.47 45.47 45.47 45.47 45.47 45.47 45.47 45.47 45.47


7

GUIDANCE OF CALCULATION

Discharge A x R Where,

Discharge Q = --------------- m3/sec A = Area of collecting tank t R = Rise of water level in meters

t = Time taken for R meters of water rise 0.042* 5

= -------------- 100*45.47

= 4.62E-05 m3 /sec

Velocity Where,

Q Q = Flow rate in m3/secVelocity = ----------- m / sec. a = Area of venturi in square meters

a

4.62E-05= ---------------- 0.000419

= 0.09 m / sec.

8

Total Head

P1 39.3 P= …………. = …………….….. =0.393

100 100

V2

= ………………. 2g

(0.09)2

= …………………………. = 0.00041

2*9.81 Where, P= Pressure head from manometer, in m of water. Z= Potential head.

V2

H= P+ ………………. +Z 2g

H= (0.393+0.41+0.00041) H= 0.80

9

10

Documents

Bernoulis Manual