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APA Format & CitationsBernadette Presloid Writing Coordinator

NAU-Yuma Branch Campus

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Manuscript OrganizationTitle page

Abstract

Text

References

Table

Figures

Appendices

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Spacing after punctuation marksOne space after: Two spaces after:Commas, colons, and

semicolons

Periods that separate parts of a reference citation

Periods of the initials in names – J. B. Smith

Punctuation marks at the end of every sentence

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http://library.nau.edu/ NON-COGNITIVE PREDICTORS OF STUDENT 

SUCCESS IN COLLEGE.Full Text AvailableAcademic JournalBy: SPARKMAN, LARRY A.; MAULDING, WANDA S.;

ROBERTS, JALYNN G. College Student Journal. Sep2012, Vol. 46 Issue 3, p642-652. 11p.Subjects: COLLEGE dropouts -- Prevention; UNIVERSITIES & colleges -- Admission; CASE studies; GRADE point average; STANDARDIZED tests; SAT (Educational test); ACT Assessment; UNITED States

PDF Full Text(737KB)

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What’s Important?

Page marginsType styles and fontsSpacing IndentationHeadingsQuotationsCitation of sourcesReferencesPlagiarism

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Running Head Format after Title Page

Go too “insert” then “header” and click on “blank” (make sure you are in Times New Roman font 12).

Click on “different first page.” Go to “page number” then “top of page” then “plain number 3.”A number should appear on the top right hand side of the header.Your cursor should be to the left of the number. Type in the words

“Running head:” and your shortened (50 characters or less) title which should be in all caps.

Press tab twice.Close the header and then scroll down to the second page. Go too “insert” then “header” and click on “blank.”Go to “page number” then “top of page” then “plain number 3.”A number two should appear on the top right hand side of the header.Your cursor should be to the left of the number. Type your title in all

caps and then press tab twice.

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Levels of Heading Levels refers to whether your paper has only

main headings, main headings and subheadings, or main headings, subheadings, and sub subheadings (similar to an outline).

No heading is used for the introduction section.

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/16/

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Example Title

Method Sample and Participant SelectionAssessments and Measures

Q-sort measures of inhibition and aggressiveness.

Life history calendar.Results

Outcome of Inhibited Children at 23 Years• Personality and self-esteem.• Social network.

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Why to Cite

In every case, you must acknowledge the ways in which others’ ideas contributed to your paper.

Otherwise, you run the risk of plagiarism.

If you cite in-text, the citation should be included in your References list and vice versa.

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Where to Cite1. In the Reference list2. After you have paraphrased material: Early detection results in a greater survival

rate (Kessler, 2003). Only include the author(s) last name(s) and the year of publication.

3. After a direct quotation of a source: Miele (1993) states, "The effect disappeared

when behaviors were studied in this manner”

(p. 276). Include the page number(s) of the original source.

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Plagiarism

Quotations and citations are extremely important. To avoid concerns about plagiarism, you need to indicate WHO said WHAT, WHEN and WHERE.

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BooksComer, R. J. (2010). Abnormal psychology.

New York, NY: Worth.In-Text:(Comer, 2010) or ( Comer, 2010, p. 25)

Strunk, W., Jr., & White, E. B. (1979). The elements

of style (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Macmillan. In-Text: (Strunk & White, 1979, p. 43) or (Strunk & White,

1979) Strunk and White (1979) found that ……

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Journal ArticleScott, P., Castañeda, L., Quick, K., & Linney, J.

(2009). Synchronous symmetrical support: A naturalistic study of live online peer-to-peer learning via software videoconferencing. Interactive Learning Environments, 17(2), 119-134. doi: 10.1080/10494820701794730

In-Text:(Castaneda, Quick, & Linney, 2009, p. 121)

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How do you reference a web page that lists no author?

When there is no author for a web page, the title moves to the first position of the reference entry:

(www.apastyle.org Frequently Asked Questions)

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Example:New child vaccine gets funding boost. (2001). Retrieved March 21, 2001,

from http://news.ninemsn.com.au/health/story_13178.asp

Cite in text the first few words of the reference list entry (usually the title) and the year. Use double quotation marks around the title or abbreviated title ("New Child Vaccine," 2001).

Articles found on the web, like the example above, are not italicized in the reference entry and are not italicized but enclosed in quotations in the in-text citation, just like a newspaper or magazine article. Reports found on the web would be italicized in the reference list, as in Publication Manual (6th ed.) Examples 31, 32, and 33 on pp. 205–206. They would also be italicized in the in-text citation, just like a book.

(adapted from the sixth edition of the APA Publication Manual, © 2010)

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No Page NumberMany electronic sources do not provide page

numbers.

Use the abbreviation para.

Basu and Jones (2007) went so far as to suggest the need for a new “intellectual framework in which to consider the nature and form of regulation in cyberspace” (para. 4).

(APA manual, pp. 171-172)

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How do you cite an entire website (but not a specific document on that site)?When citing an entire website, it is sufficient to give the

address of the site in just the text.

Example: Kidspsych is a wonderful interactive website for children (http://www.kidspsych.org).

(adapted from the sixth edition of the APA Publication Manual, 2010)

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How to Cite Something You Found on a Website in APA Style - When Information is Missing

http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2012/05/missing-pieces.html

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Ampersand &Use with multiple authors in parenthetical

information: (Ames & White, 2011)

In Reference list: Ames, C. & White, P. (2011). APA rules for

citations. New York, NY: Sage.

Use the word “and” in text: According to Ames and White (2011), all sources must be correctly cited in APA format.

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Et al. “and others”List all the authors the first time:(Castaneda, Quick, & Linney, 2009, p. 121)

Use et al. for subsequent citations of the same source:

(Castaneda et al., 2009, p. 35)

According to the study, Castaneda et al. (2009) found ...

Do not italicize or boldet al.

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One Work by Multiple AuthorsWith six or more authors, cite only the surname of

the first author followed by et al. and the year for the first and subsequent citations. According to Gilbert et al. (2004), quitting smoking affects…

In the reference list, give surnames and initials for up to and including seven authors. When there are eight or more, include the first six names, then insert three ellipses points, and add the last author’s name.

Gilbert, D., McClernon, J., Rabinovich, N.E., Sugai, C., Plath, L.C., Asgaard, G. . . . Botros, N. (2004). Effects of quitting smoking on EEG activation and

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Journal ArticlesInclude the digital object identifier (DOI) in

the reference if one is assigned.

All DOI numbers begin with a 10 and contain a prefix and a suffix separated by a slash.

doi: 10.1037/0278-7393-34.3.439

The DOI is typically located on the first page of the electronic journal article, near the copyright notice.

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The DOI can also be found on the database landing page for the article.

When a DOI is used, no further retrieval information is needed to identify or locate the content.

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EBSCOhost Example Moral distress in nursing

: Contributing factors, outcomes and interventions. Full Text AvailableAcademic Journal By: Burston, Adam S; Tuckett, Anthony G. Nursing Ethics. May2013, Vol.

20 Issue 3, p312-324. 13p. DOI: 10.1177/0969733012462049.

Subjects: CHARACTER; CINAHL (Information retrieval system); ETHICS; GERIATRIC nursing; WORKING hours; INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems -- Psychology; INTERPROFESSIONAL relations; LABOR supply; LONG-term care of the sick; MEDLINE; NURSE & physician; NURSING -- Practice; NURSING -- Study & teaching (Continuing education);NURSING ethics; NURSING care facilities; NURSING specialties; PERSONALITY; SYSTEMATIC reviews (Medical research); EMPLOYEE retention; DECISION making -- Moral & ethical aspects; Temporary Help Services; Community care facilities for the elderly; Nursing Care Facilities (Skilled Nursing Facilities)

 

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How To Find a DOI

http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2009/12/how-to-find-a-doi.html

 

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ReferencesReferences are all double-spaced with hanging

indent

List references alphabetically by the author’s last name

Reference online articles using their DOI numbers from the database page

If an article does not have a DOI number, provide the journal or book’s homepage URL

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Alphabetical order- Different AuthorsArrange by last name

Fisher, C. (2003). Decoding the ethics code: A practical guide for psychologists.

Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Foorman, B. R. (1995). Research on the great debate: Code-oriented versus whole

language approaches to reading. School Psychology Review, 24, 376–393.

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Multiple books- Same authorArrange by year of publication, the earliest

first:

Foorman, B. R. (1995). Research on the great debate: Code-oriented versus whole

language approaches to reading. School Psychology Review, 24, 376–393.

Foorman, B. R. (2007). Primary prevention in classroom reading instruction. Teaching Exceptional Children, 39(5), 24–30.

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Son of Citation Machine

http://citationmachine.net/index2.php

Always review the citation to make sure it is APA style. If you are going to copy and paste, make sure font and style is the same as the rest of your paper.

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In-text Citation Practice

Author: Michael Bestoff

Title: “Cell Phone Use and Collision Risk”

Year: 2004 Page: 54

Use this information to cite the four paragraphs on the following slide:

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A recent study found that drivers using cell phones were up to four times more likely to have accidents than those not using these devices ( ).

A recent study concluded that “using a cellular telephone increased the risk of having a motor vehicle collision as much as four times for the same drivers when they were not using their cellular telephones” ( ).

Bestoff’s ( ) study proves that drivers using cell phones were up to four times more likely to have accidents than those not using these devices.

Bestoff ( ) concluded that “using a cellular telephone increased the risk of having a motor vehicle collision as much as four times for the same drivers when they were not using their cellular telephones” ( ).

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Where to Get Help

www.apastyle.orghttp://owl.english.purdue.edu/ http://crossref.org/ Cline Library http://library.nau.edu/ Bb Learn Yuma Writing CenterBernadette Presloid, NAU-Yuma Writing

Coordinator 317-7088 SC 203 in the SC building