Berachah Bible Institute Hebrew Grammar I

Berachah Bible InstituteHebrew

Grammar I

Chapter 8: Hebrew Pronouns

BBIHebrew

Grammar IHebrew Pronouns

Some terminology• Antecedent – The word the pronoun refers back to

Section 8.1 – Introduction

• Personal Pronoun – He hit the ball

• Demonstrative Pronoun – That is the ball

In our class, we’ll refer to demonstrative pronouns as adjectives. We’ll see why in just a moment.

• Relative Pronoun – He hit the ball that I threw

• Interrogative Pronoun – What is his name?

BBIHebrew


• Independent – Stands on its own; not attached

Section 8.2 – Independent Personal Pronouns

• Personal – Stands for a person, whether 1st, 2nd, or 3rd

I, we You he/she/it/they

• Like English, no gender for 1st person

• Unlike English, gender for all 2nd and 3rd person pronouns

• Unlike English, no neuter third person “it”

BBIHebrew

Grammar IHebrew PronounsSection 8.3 – IPP Paradigm

Not easy, but must memorize this chart:Singular Plural

1 Common

ykinOa',,

ynIa]

IWnx.n:ña]

we

2 Masculine hT'a; you ~T,a; ya’ll

2 Feminine T.a; youhn"Te

ña;ya’ll

3 Masculine aWh he/ithM'heñ, ~he

they

3 Feminineawhi, ayhi

she/ithN"heñ, !he

they

BBIHebrew


Often in “noun clauses””

Section 8.4 – Use of IPP

• Supply a “to be” verb• See examples on page 71Sometimes in “verbal clauses”• In English, you usually cannot use a verb without an explicit subject.

“ate ice cream”

“I”“You”

“We”

“Ya’ll”“He” “She”

?• In Spanish, you can.

Comiste helado = Tu comiste helado

• In Hebrew, you can as well.•T.l.k'_a' !m,v,Þw" vb;²d>W tl,soô

• So, IPP are sometimes [cf. §8.13] used with verbs for special emphasis (see next example)

BBIHebrew


h['m'_v.nIw> WnM'Þ[i hT'îa;-

rBeD: ~yhiÞl{a/ WnM'²[i

rBEïd:y>-la;w>Exod 20:19

Speak!youwith us

but [let] notspeak

and we will listen,

with usGod

Section 8.4 – Use of IPP (continued)

BBIHebrew

Grammar IHebrew PronounsSection 8.5 – Demonstrative Pronouns

“They may be used either as adjectives or as pronouns” (pg. 71) – somewhat confusing?

• Adjectives may be used in several different ways:

o Substantive – Red is a color

o Predicate – The ball is red

o Attributive – The red ball

What they mean is it may be used as an attributive adjective, the other two uses of adjectives being more “noun-like”

• Strange to say that a pronoun may be used as a pronoun but may not.

• Easier to say that demonstrative pronouns are used much like adjectives.

BBIHebrew

Grammar IHebrew PronounsSection 8.5 – Demonstrative Pronouns

• Attributive – The red balltaZO=h; #r<a'äh'-ta, !TEßa,

^ê[]r>z:“l.• Substantive – Red is a color‘tyrIB.h;-tAa) tazOÝ• Predicate – The ball is red

tyfi_[' taZOæ-hm;Not an important useUsually only with interrogatives

BBIHebrew

Grammar IHebrew PronounsSection 8.6 – Demonstrative Paradigm

Easy because similar to IPP ParadigmSingular Plural

Masculine hz< this hL,ae these

Feminine tazO this hL,ae these

Masculine aWh thathM'heñ, ~he

those

Feminine ayhi thathN"heñ, !he

those

BBIHebrew






those


those

BBIHebrew






those


those

BBIHebrew


Nothing new to learn!• As we said, much like adjectives

Section 8.7 – Use of Demonstratives

• When an adjective or demonstrative pronoun functions attributively, it follows the modified noun and agrees with it in gender, number, and definiteness.

• When a demonstrative pronoun functions substantively it precedes the noun and agrees with it in gender and number but not definiteness. This is similar to how predicate adjectives are used.

• A few differences!o Note predicate adjective use corresponds to substantive pronoun use

o Unlike predicate adjectives, substantive pronouns never follow noun

Examples to Come!

BBIHebrew

Grammar IHebrew PronounsSection 8.8 – Relative Pronoun

A relative clause is a dependent clause that begins with a relative pronoun and modifies a noun.

In Hebrew, there is only one: rv,a]

In English, there are three relative pronouns:1) Who2) That3) Which

BBIHebrew

Grammar IHebrew PronounsSection 8.9 – Interrogative Pronouns

ymi – Pronounced “Me,” means “Who”

hm' – Pronounced “Mah,” means “What”(Also written as hm; and

hm,)

BBIHebrew

Grammar IHebrew PronounsSection 8.10 – Interrogative Particle

Learn the form and note the clues on page 76

An example:

awhiê ytixoåa] ‘yli-rm;a'( aWhÜ al{’h]

Did nothesayto memy sistershe

Did he not say to me, “She is my sister?”

BBIHebrew


• Know the four types of Hebrew pronouns: Independent Personal, Demonstrative, Relative, Interrogative

Section 8.11 - Summary

• Know the two charts on page 77.

• Know the Hebrew relative and interrogative pronouns• Be able to translate simple phrases as on pgs. 73-74

BBIHebrew

Grammar I

Reminder

• Vocabulary and Grammar Quiz this week.

• Don’t forget to be doing journal (turn in @ end)

• After chapter 7, you know 53% of all OT words

• After chapter 8, you will know 58% of all OT words (thanks, in part, to rv,a])

• Turn in Midterm

BBIHebrew


dwI)d" ybiîa] yv;ÞyI-ybia]

aWhï

Ruth 4:17

He [is][the] father [of]JesseDavid

Example #1

[the] father [of]

3 ms IPP in noun clause (i.e., no verb)

BBIHebrew


vae_B' ~h,Þyhel{a/-

ta, Wnðt.n"w> hM'heª ~yhiøl{a/ al{’

•yKi2 Kings 19:18

And they gave (= cast)

[DDOM]their gods

fornot

into the fire

godsthey

Example #2

3 mp IPP in noun clause (i.e., no verb)

BBIHebrew


~d"_a' tdoßl.AT

rp,seê hz<å

Genesis 5:1

This[the] bookof the generations ofAdam

Example #3

Substantive use of ms demonstrative pronoun (precedes noun)

BBIHebrew


Wnyteªboa] W[øm.v'-al{)hZ<ëh;

rp,Seäh; ‘yrEb.DI-l[;

2 Kings 22:13

notthey listenedour fathers

on (=to)the words ofthe bookthe this

Example #4

Attributive use of ms demonstrative pronoun (follows noun, matches in definiteness)

BBIHebrew


taZO*h; hb'ÞAJh;-ta, ^êD>b.[;-la,( ‘rBed:T.w:

2 Samuel 7:28

And you spoketoyour servant[DDOM]

Example #5

Attributive use of fs demonstrative pronoun (follows noun, agrees in definiteness)

You know noun form, this is the related verb

the good (fs)the this (fs)

BBIHebrew


hf,([/a,¥ Atïao hw"ßhy> rBEïd:y>-

rv,a] lKo±

Numbers 23:26

AllthatspeaksYahweh

Example #6

Relative Pronoun (can you identify the relative clause and the noun it modifies?)

You know noun form, this is the related verb

[DDOM]3msx

I must do

BBIHebrew


^yn<ëp'l. ‘#r<a'’h'-lk'

al{Üh]

Genesis 13:9

?notallthe land

Example #7

Interrogative Pronoun

before you

Documents

Berachah Bible Institute Hebrew Grammar I