Upload
biproberts
View
238
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/2/2019 Bentley TOC
1/20
__ --
JERRY H. BENTLEyJ'," , O J ; . .
. ,'"
TIVE ON THE PAST
. ',.,;'
:.,
\' ,I !
-t, i
:'
University of Hawai'i_ i
, "
HERBERT F. ZIEGLER"University of Hawai'i
Boston Burr Ridge, IL Dubuque, IA Madison, WI New York San Francisco St. LouisBangkok Bagota Caracas Lisbon London Madrid
Mexico City Milan New Delhi Seoul Singapore Sydney Taipei Toronto
8/2/2019 Bentley TOC
2/20
Bentley, Jerry H., 1949-Traditions & encounters : a global perspective on the past I
Jerry H. Bentley, Herbert F. Ziegler.p. ern.
Includes index.ISBN 0-07-004923-81. World history. 2. Intercultural communication-History.
1. Ziegler, Herbert F., 1949- . II. Title.020.B42 2000909--dc21 99-13503
CIP
McGraw-Hill Higher Education 'E ZA D iv is io n o f T heMcGraw-Hill Companies
TRADITIONS & ENCOUNTERS: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE PAST
Copyright 2000 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in theUnited States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976,no part of thi s publication may be reproduced or dist ributed in any form or by any means, orstored in a data base or retrieval system, without the prior wri tten permission of the publi sher.
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
1234567890VNHjVNH09876543210
ISBN 0-07-004923-8
Editorial director: Jane E. VaicunasSenior sponsoring editor: Lyn UhlDevelopmental editors: Donata Dettbarn/feannine CiliottaSenior marketing manager: Suzanne DaghlianProject manager: Marilyn M. SulzerProduction supervisor: Laura FullerDesigner: Michael WarrellSenior photo research coordinator: Carrie K. BurgerArt editor: Brenda A. ErnzenSenior supplement coordinator: Gmdy M. KusterCompositor: Shepherd, Inc.Typeface: 10112 GalliardPrinter: Von Hoffmann Press,Inc.
Interior design: Becky LemmaCover photo: Arrival (I f the Southern Barbarians at Nagasaki. Kano School, anonymous, early 17 th century. Christie's Images, Ltd., 1999Photo research: Deborah Bull/Photo'Search, Inc.
The credits section for this book begins on page C-l and is consideredan extension of the copyright page.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
www.mhhe.com
http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/8/2/2019 Bentley TOC
3/20
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
Aer H.Jl ntley is professor of history atthe University of Hawaii and editor tfttle J t : (of World History. He has writtenextensively on the cultural history of\abl, . n furope and on cross-cultural in-teractions in world history. His research on e ~f}lgious, moral, and political writ-ings of Renaissance led to the publication "prli'manists and Holy Writ: New Tes-tament Scholarship in the Renai~ 1983) and "Politics and Culture inRenaissance Naples" (1987)._)Iif'7'nS>l; recent research has concentrated on globalhistory and particularly on{procej'f' of cross-cultural interaction. His book, OldWorld Encounters: CroJJ-Cul.twral Contacts and ExchangeJ in Pre-Modern Times(1993), studies processes of cultural exchange and religious conversion before mod-ern times, and his pamphlet, Shapesof World History in Twentieth-Century Scholar-ship (1996), discusses the historiography of world history. His current interests in-clude processes of cross-cultural interaction and cultural exchange in modern times.
v
~Ilerb . :.~Iegler is an associate profes-
sor of history at the University of H. llg'ht courses on world history forthe last 19 years and is currently t r; th~world history program at theUniversity of Hawai.i. For se.ve.r~(e: .' e;;fed ,the book review .editor oft~e!our~al of World HtJtory.~rls .lOt~~~~ 10 ~eJ1t1eth-~tury E~ropean SOCIaland p~I1t-ical history led to the pu, hcatJ,o~ Nazi (JeJ:!J.!:.fJJ:l1Jew Aristocracy (1990). He ISatpresent working on a study that explores uncharted aspects of German society, espe-cially the cultural manifestations of humor and satire in the Nazi era. His other cur-rent research project focuses on the application of complexity theory to a comparativestudy of societies and their internal dynamics.
http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/8/2/2019 Bentley TOC
4/20
BRIEF CONTENTS
VII
List of Maps
Preface
A Brief Note on Usage
Acknowledgements
PAR T I THE EARLY COMPLEX SOCIETIES, 3500 TO 500 B.C.E. 2
[I ] Before History 7
[2 ] Early Societies in South west Asia and North Africa 31
[3] Early Society in South Asia and the Indo-European Migrations 57
[4 ) Early Society in East Asia 79
[5 ) Early Societies in the Americas and Oceania 103
PART II THE FORMATION OF CLASSICAL SOCIETIES, 500 B.C.E. TO 500 C.E 12(
[6 ] The Empires of Persia 131
[7 ) The Unification of China 153
(8 ) State, Society, and the Quest for Salvation in India 177
(9 ) Mediterranean Society: The Greek Phase 199
[10) Mediterranean Society: The Roman Phase 225
[11) Cross-Cultural Exchanges on the Silk Roads 249
PART III THE POSTCLASSICAL ERA, 500 TO 1000 C.E. 274
[12] A Survivor Society: Byzantium 279
(13) A New Society: The Realm of Islam 303
[14] The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia 327
[15) India and the Indian Ocean Basin 355
[16) The Foundations of Christian Society in Western Europe 379
PAR T I V AN AGE OF CROSS-CULTURAL INTERACTION, 1000 TO 1500 C.E. 40
[17] Nomadic Empires and Eurasian Integration 407
[18J States and Societies of Sub-Saharan Africa 429
[19] Western Europe during the High Middle Ages 451
[20J Worlds Apart: The Americas and Oceania 477
[21] Reaching Out: Cross-Cultural Interactions 501
http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/8/2/2019 Bentley TOC
5/20
Vlll BRIEF CONTENTS
PAR T V THE ORIGINS OF GLOBAL INTERDEPENDENCE, 1500-1800 530
[22) Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections 535
[23) The Transformation of Europe 563
[24] New Worlds: The Americas and Oceania 593
[25) Africa and the Atlantic World 621
[26] Tradition and Change in East Asia 647
[27) The Islamic Empires 673
[28) The Russian Empire in Europe and Asia 697
Pronunciation Guide
Credits
Index
PAR T V I AN AGE OF REVOLUTION, INDUSTRY, AND EMPIRE, 1750-1914 722
[29] Revolutions and National States in the Atlantic World 727
[30] The Making of Industrial Society 759
[31] The Americas in the Age of Independence 787
[32] Societies at Crossroads 817
[33] The Building of Global Empires 847
PART VII THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 876
[34] The Great War: The World in Upheaval 881
[35) The Age of Anxiety, 1919-1939 911
[36] New Conflagrations: World War II and the Early Cold War 941
[37] The Retreat from Empire in a Bipolar World 973
[38) Transformation and Crisis in the Contemporary World 1009
[39] A World Without Borders 1041
http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/8/2/2019 Bentley TOC
6/20
CHAPTER 2
EARLY SOCIETIES IN SOUTHWEST ASIAAND NORTH AFRICA 31
DETAILED CONTENTS
List of Maps
Preface
A Brief Note on Usage
Acknowledgements
PAR T I
THE EARLY COMPLEX SOCIETIES, 3500 TO 500 B.C.E. 2
CHAPTER 1
BEFORE HISTORY 7
The Evolution of Homo Sapiens 8
The H ominids 8
Homo Sapiens 12
Paleolithic Society 14
Economy and Society of Hunting and GatheringPeoples 14
Paleolithic Culture 16
The Neolithic Era and the Transition toAgricul ture 19
The Origins of Agriculture 19
Early Agricultural Society 21Neolithic Culture 26
The Origins of Urban Life 26
Summary 28
Chronology 28
For Further Reading 28
The Quest for Order 32Mesopotamia: "The Land between the Rivers"
Egypt: "The Gift of the Nile" 35
The Course of Empire 37
The Development of Complex Societies 40
Economic Specialization and Trade 40
The Emergence of Stratified Societies 42
The Construction of Patriarchal Societies 44
Writing and the Formation of Sophisticated Cultur.Traditions 46
The Origins of Writing 46
Education, Literacy, and Learning 47
The Origins of Organized Religion 48
IX
http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/8/2/2019 Bentley TOC
7/20
x
The Broader Influence of Mesopotamian and EgyptianSocieties 50
Mesopotamian Influence on the Hebrewsand the Phoenicians 50
Egyptian Influence in Sub-Saharan Africa 52
Summary 54Chronology 54
For Further Reading 54
CHAPTER 3
EARLY SOCIETY IN SOUTH ASIA AND THEINDO-EUROPEAN MIGRATIONS 57
Harappan Society 58
Foundations of Harappan Society 59
Harappan Society and Culture 60The Indo-European Migrations and EarlyAryan India 62
Indo-European Peoples and Their Migrations 63
The Aryans and India 65
Vedic Society 67
Origins of the Caste System 67
The Development of Patriarchal Society 69
Religion in the Vedic Age 71
Aryan Religion 71
The Blending of Aryan and Dravidian Values 72Summary 76
Chronology 76
For Further Reading 76
CHAPTER 4
EARLY SOCIETY IN EAST ASIA 79
Political Organization in Early China 80
Early Agricultural Society and the XiaDynasty 80
DETAILED CONTENTS
The Shang Dynasty 82
The Zliou Dynasty 84
SOCietyand Family in Ancient China 87
The Social Order 87
Family and Patriarchy 90
Early Chinese Writing and CulturalDevelopment 92
Oracle Bones and Early Chinese Writing 93
Thought and Literature in Ancient China 94
The Broader Influence of Ancient ChineseSociety 96
Chinese Cultivators and Nomadic Peoples ofCentral Asia 96
The Southern Expansion of Chinese Society 98Summary 99
Chronology 99For Further Reading 99
CHAPTER 5
EARLY SOCIETIES IN THE AMERICASAND OCEANIA 103
Early Societies of Mesoamerica 104
The Olmecs 105
Heirs of the Olmecs: The Maya 108
Maya Society and Religion 110Heirs of the Olmecs: Teotihuacan 114
Early Societies of South America 116
Early Andean Society and the Chavin Cult 116
Early Andean Sta tes: Mochica 118
Early Societies of Oceania 119
Early Societies in Australia and New Guinea 120
The Peopling of the Pacific Islands 122Summary 123
Chronology 124
For Further Reading 124
http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/8/2/2019 Bentley TOC
8/20
DETAILED CONTENTS
The Unification of China 161
The Qin Dynasty 162
The Early Han Dynasty 166
From Economic Prosperity to Social Disorder 169
Productivity and Prosperity duringthe Former Han 170
Economic and Social Difficulties 171
The Later Han Dynasty 173
Summary 174
Chronology 175
For Further Reading 175
PART II
THE FORMATION OF CLASSICAL SOCIETIES, 500 B.C.E. TO 500 C.E. 126
CHAPTER 6
THE EMPIRES OF PERSIA 131
The Rise and Fall of the Persian Empires 132
The Achaemenid Empire 132
Decline and Fall of the Achaemenid Empire 137
The Seleiicid, Parthian, and Sasanid Empires 138
Imperial Society and Economy 141
Social Development in Classical Persia 141
Economic Foundations of Classical Persia 143
Religions of Salvation in Classical PersianSociety 145
Zarathustra and His Faith 145Religions of Salvation in a CosmopolitanSociety 148
Summary 149
Chronology 150
For Further Reading 150
CHAPTER 7
THE UNIFICATION OF CHINA 153
In Search of Political and Social Order 154
Confucius and His School 154
Daoism 158
Legalism 160
CHAPTER 8
STATE, SOCIETY, AND THE QUEST FORSALVATION IN INDIA l77
The Fortunes of Empire in Classical India 178
The Mauryan Dynasty and the TemporaryUnification of India 178
The Revival of Empire under the Guptas 182
Economic Development and Social Distinctions 1
Towns and Trade 184
Family Life and the Caste System 186Religions of Salvation in Classical India 187
[ainism and the Challenge to the EstablishedCultural Order 187
http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/8/2/2019 Bentley TOC
9/20
Xli
Early Buddhism 189
Mahayana Buddhism 191
The Emergence of Popular Hinduism 193
Summary 196
Chronology 196For Further Reading 197
CHAPTER 9
MEDITERRANEAN SOCIETY:THE GREEK PHASE 199
Early Development of Greek Society 200
Minoan and Mycenaean Societies 200
The World of the Polis 203
Greece and the Larger World 206
Greek Colonization 206
Conflict with Persia and Its Results 208
The Macedonians and the Coming of Empire 209
The Hellenistic Empires 212
The Fruits of Trade: Greek Economy and Society 214
Trade and the Integration of the MediterraneanBasin 214
Family and Society 215
The Cultural Life of Classical Greece 217
Rational Thought and Philosophy 217
Popular Religion and Greek Drama 220Hellenistic Philosophy and Religion 221
Summary 222
Chronology 223
For Further Reading 223
CHAPTER 10
MEDITERRANEAN SOCIETY:THE ROMAN PHASE 225
From Kingdom to Republic 226The Etruscans and Rome 226
The Roman Republic and Its Constitution 228
The Expansion of the Republic 229
From Republic to Empire 230
Imperial Expansion and Domestic Problems 231
DETAILED CONTENTS
The Foundation of Empire 233
Continuing Expansion and Integrationof the Empire 234
Economy and Society in the RomanMediterranean 237
Trade and Urbanization 237
Family and Society in Roman Times 239
The Cosmopolitan Mediterranean 241
Greek Philosophy and Religionsof Salvation 242
Judaism and Early Christianity 243
Summary 246
Chronology 247
For Further Reading 247
CHAPTER 11
CROSS-CUL TURAL EXCHANGESON THE SILK ROADS 249
Long-Distance Trade and the Silk RoadsNetwork 250
Trade Networks of the Hellenistic Era 251
The Silk Roads 252
Cultural and Biological Exchanges Alongthe Silk Roads 256
The Spread of Buddhismand Hinduism 257The Spread of Christianity 259
The Spread of Manichaeism 260
The Spread of Epidemic Disease 261
The Fall of the Han Dynasty 263
Internal Decay of the Han State 263
Cultural Change in Post-Han China 264
The Fall of the Roman Empire 265
Internal Decay in the Roman Empire 266
Germanic Invasions and the Fall of the Western
Roman Empire 267Cultural Change in the La teRoman Empire 268
Summary 271
Chronology 271
For Further Reading 271
http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/8/2/2019 Bentley TOC
10/20
DETAILED CONTENTS
PART III
CHAPTER 13
A NEW SOCIETY: THE REALMOF ISLAM 303
THE POSTCLASSICAL ERA, 500 TO 1000 C.E. 274
CHAPTER 12
A SURVIVOR SOCIETY: BYZANTIUM 279
The Early Byzantine Empire 280
The Later Roman Empire and Byzantium 281
Justinian and His Legacy 283
Islamic Conquests and Byzantine Revival 285
Byzantium and Western Europe 286
Byzantine Economy and Society 287
The Agricultural Economy 287
Industry and Trade 288
Urban Life 290
Classical Heritage and Orthodox Christianity 290The Legacy of Classical Greece 292
The Byzantine Church 292Monasticism and Popular Piety 294
Tensions between Eastern and WesternChristianity 295
The Influence of Byzantium in Eastern Europe 296
Domestic Problems and Foreign Pressures 296
Early Relations between Byzantium and SlavicPeoples 298
Byzantium and Russia 299
Summary 300Chronology 301
For Further Reading 301
A Prophet and His World 304
Muhammad and His Message 305
Muhammad's Migration to Medina 306
The Establishment of Islam in Arabia 308
The Expansion of Islam 309
The Early Caliphs and the UmayyadDynasty 309
The Abbasid Dynasty 312
Economy and Society of the Early Islamic World 3
New Crops, Agricultural Experimentation, andUrban Growth 315
The Formation of a Hemispheric TradingZone 316The Changing Status of Women 319
Islamic Values and Cultural Exchanges 321
The Formation of an Islamic CulturalTradition 321
Islam and the Cultural Traditions of Persia, Indiand Greece 322
Summary 324
Chronology 325
For Further Reading 325
http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/8/2/2019 Bentley TOC
11/20
xiv
CHAPTER 14
THE RESURGENCE OF EMPIREIN EAST ASIA 327
The Restoration of Centralized Imperial Rulein China 328
The Sui Dynasty 328
The Tang Dynasty 330
The Song Dynasty 333
The Economic Development of Tangand Song China 335
Agricultural Development 335
Technological and Industrial Development 337
The Emergence of a Market Economy 339
Cultural Change in Tang and Song China 341
The Establishment of Buddhism 342
Neo-Confucianism 345China in East Asia 346
Korea and Vietnam 346
Early fapan 348
Medieval lapan 349
Summary 351
Chronology 351
For Further Reading 352
CHAPTER 15
INDIA AND THE INDIAN OCEAN BASIN 355
Islamic and Hindu Kingdoms 356
The Quest for Centralized Imperial Rule 356
The Introduction of Islam to Northern India 357
The Hindu Kingdoms of Southern India 359
Production and Trade in the Indian Ocean Basin 360
Agriculture in the Monsoon World 361
Trade and the Economic Developmentof Southern India 362
DETAILED CONTENTS
Cross-cultural Trade in the Indian OceanBasin 364
Caste and Society 367
The Meeting of Hindu and Islamic Traditions 367
The Development of Hinduism 368
Islam and Its Appeal 370
The Influence of Indian Societyin Southeast Asia 371
The Indianized States of Southeast Asia 371
The Arrival of Islam 373
Summary 375
Chronology 375
For Further Reading 376
CHAPTER 16THE FOUNDATIONS OF CHRISTIANSOCIETY IN WESTERN EUROPE 379
The Quest for Political Order 380
Germanic Successor States 380
The Franks and the Temporary Revivalof Empire 381
Decline and Dissolution of the CarolingianEmpire 385
The Establishment of Regional Authorities 389Feudal Society 390
The Feudal System 390
Serfs and Manors in Feudal Europe 392
The Economy of Feudal Europe 393
The Formation of Christian Europe 395
The Politics of Conversion 395
The Papacy 396
Monasticism 397
Summary 399
Chronology 400
For Further Reading 400
http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/8/2/2019 Bentley TOC
12/20
DETAILED CONTENTS
PAR T I V
Islamic Kingdoms and Empires 434
Trans-Saharan Trade and Islamic Statesin West Africa 434The Indian Ocean Trade and Islamic Statesin East Africa 438
Bantu Society and Cultural Development 442
Social Classes 442
African Religion 444
The Arrival of Christianity and Islam 446
Summary 448
Chronology 449
For Further Reading 449
AN AGE OF CROSS-CULTURAL INTERACTION, 1000 TO 1500 C.E. 402
CHAPTER 17
NOMADIC EMPIRES AND EURASIANINTEGRATION 407
Turkish Migrations and Imperial Expansion 408
Nomadic Economy and Society 408
Turkish Empires in Persia, Anatolia,and India 411
The Mongol Empires 413
Chinggis Khan and the Making of the MongolEmpire 413
The Mongol Empires after Chinggis Khan 417
The Mongols and Eurasian Integration 420
Decline of the Mongols in Persia and China 421After the Mongols 422
Tamerlane the Whirlwind 422
The Foundation of the Ottoman Empire 424
Summary 425
Chronology 426
For Further Reading 426
CHAPTER 18
STATES AND SOCIETIES OF SUB-SAHARANAFRICA 429
The Bantu Migrations 430
The Dynamics of Bantu Expansion 430
Bantu Political Organization 432
CHAPTER 19
WESTERN EUROPE DURING THE HIGHMIDDLE AGES 451
The Establishment of Regional States 452
The Holy Roman Empire 453
Feudal Monarchies in France and England 454
Regional States in Italy and Iberia 456
Economic Growth and Social Development 457
Growth of the Agricultural Economy 457
The Revival of Towns and Trade 458
Social Change 461
European Christianity during the High MiddleAges 464
Schools, Universities, and ScholasticTheology 464
http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/8/2/2019 Bentley TOC
13/20
XVl
Popular Religion 466
Reform Movements and Popular Heresies 468
The Medieval Expansion of Europe 469
Atlantic and Baltic Colonization 470
The Reconquest of Sicilyand Spain 471
The Crusades 473
Summary 474
Chronology 475
For Further Reading 475
CHAPTER 20
WORLDS APART: THE AMERICAS ANDOCEANIA 477
States and Empires in Mesoamericaand North America 478
The Toltecs and the Mexica 478
Mexica Society 481
Mexica Religion 484
Peoples and Societiesof the North 486
States and Empires in South America 488
The Coming of the Incas 488
Inca Society and Religion 491
The Societies of Oceania 493
The Nomadic Foragers of Australia 493
The Development of Pacific Island Societies 494Summary 497
DETAILED CONTENTS
Chronology 498
For Further Reading 498
CHAPTER 21
REACHING OUT: CROSS-CULTURALINTERACTIONS 501
Long-Distance Trade and Travel 502
Patterns of Long-DistanceTrade 503
Political and DiplomaticTravel 507
Missionary Campaigns 508
Agricultural and Technological Diffusion 509
Crisis and Recovery 512
Bubonic Plague 512Recovery in China: The Ming Dynasty 515
Recovery in Western Europe:State Building 516
Recovery in Western Europe:The Renaissance 518
Exploration and Colonization 520
The Chinese Reconnaissanceof the Indian Ocean Basin 520
European Exploration in the Atlantic and IndianOceans 524
Summary 526Chronology 527
For Further Reading 527
http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/8/2/2019 Bentley TOC
14/20
The Consolidation of Sovereign States 569
The Attempted Revival of Empire 569
The New Monarchs 571
Constitutional States and AbsoluteMonarchies 572
The European States System 575
Early Capitalist Society 577
Population Growth and Urbanization 578
Early Capitalism and Protoindustiialization 57
Social Change in Earlyl.1odern Europe 581
Science and Enlightenment 583
The Reconception of the Universe 583
The Scientific Revolution 584The Enlightenment 586
Summary 588
Chronology 588
For Further Reading 589
DETAILED CONTENTS x
PAR T V
THE ORIGINS OF GLOBAL INTERDEPENDENCE, 1500-1800 530
CHAPTER 22
TRANSOCEANIC ENCOUNTERSAND GLOBAL CONNECTIONS 535
The European Reconnaissance of theWorld's Oceans 536
Motives for Exploration 536
The Technology of Exploration 538
Voyages of Exploration: From the Mediterraneanto the Atlantic 542
Voyages of Exploration: From the Atlantic to thePacific 545
Trade and Conflict in Early Modern Asia 549
Trading-Post Empires 549European Conquests in Southeast Asia 552
Commercial Rivalries and the SevenYears' War 553
Global Exchanges 555
The Columbian Exchange 555
The Origins of Global Trade 558
Summary 560
Chronology 560
For Further Reading 560
CHAPTER 23
THE TRANSFORMATION OF EUROPE 563
The Fragmentation of Western Christendom 564
The Protestant Reformation 565
The Catholic Reformation 566
Witch-Hunts and Religious Wars 567
CHAPTER 24
NEW WORLDS: THE AMERICASAND OCEANIA 593
Colliding Worlds 594The Spanish Caribbean 595
The Conquest of Mexico and Peru 596
Iberian Empires in the Americas 598
Settler Colonies in North America 600
Colonial Society in the Americas 603
The Formation of Multicultural Societies 603
Mining and Agriculture in the Spanish Empire 6 1
http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/8/2/2019 Bentley TOC
15/20
A"VIU
Sugar and Slavery in Portuguese Brazil 608
Fur Traders and Settlers in North America 609
Christianity and Native Religionsin the Americas 612
Europeans in the Pacific 613
Australia and the Larger World 613
The Pacific Islands and the Larger World 615Summary 617
Chronology 617
For Further Reading 617
CHAPTER 25
AFRICA AND THE ATLANTIC WORLD 621
Airican Politics and Society in Early
Modern Times 622The Islamic States of West Africaand East Africa 623
The Kingdoms of Central Africaand South Africa 625
Islam and Christianity in Early Modern Africa 628
.,. Social Change in Early Modern Africa 630
The Atlantic Slave Trade 631
Foundations of the Slave Trade 631
Human Cargoes 632
The Impact of the Slave Trade in Africa 636
The African Diaspora 637
Plantation Societies 637
The Making of African-American CulturalTraditions 640
The End of the Slave Trade and the Abolitionof Slavery 641
Summary 642
Chronology 643
For Further Reading 643
DETAILED CONTENTS
CHAPTER 26
TRADITION AND CHANGEIN EAST ASIA 647
The Quest for Political Stability 648
The Ming Dynasty 648The Qing Dynasty 651
The Son of Heaven and the Scholar-Bureaucrats 653
Economic and Social Changes 654
The Patriarchal Family 655
Population Growth and EconomicDevelopment 656
Gentry, Commoners, Soldiers,and "Mean People" 658
The Confucian Tradition and New
Cultural Influences 661Neo-Conjucianism and Pulp Fiction 661
The Return of Christianity to China 662
The Unification of Japan 664
The Tokugawa Shogunate 664
Economic and Social Change 666
Neo-Conjucianism and Floating Worlds 667
Christianity and Dutch Learning 669Summary 670
Chronology 671
For Further Reading 671
CHAPTER 27
THE ISLAMIC EMPIRES 673
Formation of the Islamic Empires 674
The Ottoman Empire 674
The Salavid Empire 677
The Mughol Empire 678
http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/8/2/2019 Bentley TOC
16/20
Imperial Islamic Society 682
The Dynastic State 682
Agriculture and Trade 684
Religious Affairs in the Islamic Empires 685
Cultural Patronage of the Islamic Emperors 687The Empires in Transition 689
The Deterioration of Imperial Leadership 689
Economic and Military Decline 690
Cultural Insularity 691
Summary 692
Chronology 693
For Further Reading 693
DETAILED CONTENTS
CHAPTER 28
THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN EUROPEAND ASIA 697
Foundations of the Absolutist State 698
The Gathering of the Russian Land 698
The Time of Troubles 701
Westernization and Empire 703
A Window on the West 703
The Limits of Westernization 706
The Russian Empire in Europe 707
The Russian Empire in Asia 709A Society in Tension 711
Muscovite Society before Westernization 712
The Growth of Trade and Industry 713
CuI tural Clashes 715
Crisis in the Church 715
Westernization and the Enlightenmentin Russia 717
Summary 719
Chronology 719
For Further Reading 719
http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/8/2/2019 Bentley TOC
17/20
xx DETAILED CONTENTS
PAR T V I
AN AGE OF REVOLUTION, INDUSTRY, AND EMPIRE, 1750-1914 722
CHAPTER 29
REVOLUTIONS AND NATIONAL STATESIN THE ATLANTIC WORLD 727
Popular Sovereignty and Political Upheaval 728
Enlightened and Revolutionary Ideas 729
The American Revolution 730
The French Revolution 733
The Reign of Napoleon 737
The Influence of Revolution 739
The Haitian Revolution 739
Wars of Independence in Latin America 741
The Emergence of Ideologies: Conservatismand Liberalism 744
Testing the Limits of Revolutionary Ideals:Slavery 745
Testing the Limits of Revolutionary Ideals:Women's Rights 746
The Consolidation of National States in Europe 748
Nations and Nationalism 748
The Emergence of National Communities 750
The Unification of Italy and Germany 752
Summary 754
Chronology 755For Further Reading 755
CHAPTER 30
THE MAKING OF INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY 759
Patterns of Industrialization 760
Technological Innovation 761
The Factory System 763
The Early Spread of Industrialization 765
Industrial Capitalism 767
Industrial Society 769
The Fruits of Industry 769
Urbanization and Migration 771
Industry and Society 772
The Socialist Challenge 774Global Effects of Industrialization 779
The Continuing Spread of Industrialization 779
The International Division of Labor 781
Summary 783
Chronology 783
For Further Reading 784
CHAPTER 31
THE AMERICAS IN THE AGE
OF INDEPENDENCE 787
The Building of American States 788
The United States: Westward Expansionand Civil War 789
http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/8/2/2019 Bentley TOC
18/20
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
DETAILED CONTENTS
The Canadian Dominion: Independencewithout War 793
Latin America: Fragmentation and PoliticalExperimentation 794
American Economic Development 799
Migration to the Americas 800
Economic Expansion in the United States 802
Canadian Prosperity 804
Latin American Dependence 804
American Cultural and Social Diversity 806
Multicultural Society in the United States 806
Canadian Cultural Contrasts 810
Ethnicity, Identity, and Genderin Latin America 811
Summary 813
Chronology 813For Further Reading 814
CHAPTER 32
SOCIETIES AT CROSSROADS 817
The Ottoman Empire in Decline 818
The Nature of Decline 819
Reform and Reorganization 821
The Young Turk Era 822
The Russian Empire Under Pressure 825Military Defeat and Social Reform 825
Industrialization 828
Repression and Revolution 829
The Chinese Empire Under Siege 831
The Opium War and the Unequal Treaties 831
The Taiping Rebellion 834
Reform Frustrated 836
x
The Transformation of Japan 838
From Tokugawa to Mei;i 839
Meiii Reforms 840'
Summary 843
Chronology 844For Further Reading 844
CHAPTER 33
THE BUILDING OF GLOBAL EMPIRES 847
Foundations of Empire 848
Motives of Imperialism 848
Tools of Empire 852
European Imperialism 854
The British Empire in India 854
Imperialism in Central Asia and SoutheastAsia 856
The Scramble for Africa 858
European Imperialism in the Pacific 860
The Emergence of New Imperial Powers 863
U.S. Imperialism in Latin Americaand the Pacific 863
Imperial Japan 865
Legacies of Imperialism 866
Empire and Economy 866
Labor Migrations 867Empire and Society 869
Nationalism and Anticolonial Movements 872
Summary 873
Chronology 874
For Further Reading 874
http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/8/2/2019 Bentley TOC
19/20
DETAILED CONTENTSxii
PART VII
THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 876
CHAPTER 34
THE GREAT WAR: THE WORLDIN UPHEAVAL 881
The Drift Toward War 882
Nationalist Aspirations 883
National Rivalries 884
Entangling Alliances 885
Global War 888
The Guns of August 889
Mutual Butchery 890
Total War: The Home Front 893
Conflict in East Asia and the Pacific 896Battles in Africa and Southwest Asia 897
The End of the War 899
Revolution in Russia 900
U.S. Intervention and Collapse of the CentralPowers 902
The Paris Peace Conference 903
Challenges to European Preeminence 907Summary 908
Chronology 909
For Further Reading 909
CHAPTER 35
THE AGE OF ANXIETY, 1919 - 1939 911
Probing Cultural Frontiers 912
Postwar Pessimism 912
Revolutions in Physics and Psychology 914
Experimentation in Art and Architecture 915
Global Depression and European Dictatorships 918
The Great Depression 919Despair and Government Action 922
Economic Experimentation 923
From Lenin to Stalin 924
Socialism in One Country 925
German National Socialism 928
Struggles for National Identity in Asia 932
India's Quest for Independence 932
China's Search for Order 934
Summary 938
Chronology 938
For Further Reading 939
CHAPTER 36
NEW CONFLAGRATIONS: WORLD WAR IIAND THE EARLY COLD WAR 941
The Global Origins of World War IT 942
[apan's War in Asia and the Pacific 943
China under [apanese Occupation 945
European Aggression 946
Total War: The World Under Fire 948
Blitzkrieg: Germany Conquers Europe 949
The Decisive Entry of the Soviet Unionand the United States 951
Battles in the Pacific 953
Life During Wartime 955
Bombs and More Bombs 956
Occupation, Collaboration, and Resistance 957
http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/8/2/2019 Bentley TOC
20/20
The Chinese-Soviet Rift 1014
Detente and the Decline of SuperpowerInfluence 1015
New Political Orientations in the postcolonialEra 1018
Politics in Latin America 1019War and Peace in Sub-Saharan Africa 1021
Islamic Resurgence in Southwest Asiaand North Africa 1024
Communism and Democracy in Asia 1027
Global Economic Experiments 1030
Dependence in Latin America and Africa 1030
Economic Growth in Asia 1031
Global Trade Relations 1033
Summary 1036
Chronology 1036For Further Reading 1037
DETAILED CONTENTS
The Holocaust 960
Women and the War 963
Neither Peace Nor War 964
The Origins of the Cold War and PostwarSettlements 965
Global Reconstruction and the UnitedNations 967
Summary 968
Chronology 969
For Further Reading 970
CHAPTER 37
THE RETREAT FROM EMPIREIN A BIPOLAR WORLD 973
The Formation of a Bipolar World 975Building the Cold War World 975
Confrontations in Korea and Cuba 980
The Cold War and Colonial Liberation 984
Cold War Societies 986
Independence in South, Southwest,and Southeast Asia 991
India's "Vivisection".' PartitionedIndependence 992
Arab National States and the Problemof Palestine 994
Nationalist Struggles in Vietnam 997
Decolonization in Africa 999
Forcing the French out of North Africa 999
Black African Nationalismand Independence 1000
Freedom and Conflict in Sub-SaharanAfrica 1002
Summary 1004
Chronology 1005
For Further Reading 1005
CHAPTER 38
TRANSFORMATION AND CRISISIN THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD 1009
Challenges to Superpower Hegemony 1011
Western European Defiance 1011
Dissent and Intervention in EasternEurope 1013
CHAPTER 39
A WORLD WITHOUT BORDERS 1041
The End of the Cold War 1042
Revolutions in Eastern and Central Europe 1043
The Collapse of the Soviet Union 1045
Toward an Uncertain Future 1046
Cross-Cultural Exchanges and GlobalCommunications 1047
Global Barbie 1048
Consumption and Cultural Interaction 1049
The Age of Access 1051
Crossing Boundaries 1052
Women's Traditions and FeministChallenges 1052
Population Pressures 1057
Migration 1060
Cross-Cultural Travelers 1063
Iritetnational Ctganizations 1064
Summary 1066
Chronology 1066
For Further Reading 1067
Pronunciation Guide
Credits
Index
http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/http://www.mhhe.com/