Bengt-Arne Molin, 9/1/2015 Bengt-Arne Molin Program Director [email protected] PCC— A Strategic Research Program in Personal Computing

Bengt-Arne Molin, 04/19/23

Bengt-Arne MolinProgram Director

[email protected]://www.pcc.lth.se/

PCC—A Strategic Research Program in

Personal Computing and Communication


The evolution of information systems

The ongoing evolution of information systems,

• evolution from Personal Computing via Networked Computing to Mobile Computing and

• evolution from Wired Telephony via Cordless Telephony to Mobile Cellular Telephony,

creates a

• unification of Computing and Communication.


No. of thousand Web sitesSource: Network Wizards Internet Domain Survey

(http://www.nw.com/zone/WWW/top.html)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

1994Jan.

1994 Jul.

1995Jan.

1995 Jul.

1996Jan.

1996 Jul.

1997Jan.


No. of million cellular subscribersSource: U.S. Department of Commerce (http://infoserv2.ita.doc.gov/ot/home.nsf)

0

50

100

150

200

250

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997


Wireless communication – yesterday

• Mobile telephony

• Business segment– Cost insensitive– Technically “mature”

• Large demand(“saturation” ahead ?)


Wireless Communication – today and tomorrow ?

• Low end consumerproducts– High volume– Low cost

• “Multimedia” – Internet browsing– Data services– Higher bandwidths


Evolution path for radio systems:from voice via data to multimedia

• 1st generation: Analog voice– Nordic Mobile Telephony (NMT)

• 2nd generation: Digital voice and low-speed data– Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)– High Speed Circuit Switched Data (HSCSD)

• 2nd generation evolution: Packet-switched data– General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)– Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution (EDGE)

• 3rd generation: Wireless multimedia– Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)


What is a 4th-generation system ?

• 2nd gen: Mobile telephony (Now)– speech service – low data-rates– wide area coverage

• 3rd gen: Mobile multimedia comm. (2003)– moderate data rates – wide range of bearer services

(2Mbit/s)– local/wide area coverage

• 4th gen: Personal Computing and Comm. (2007?)– high data rates (100 Mbit/s)– support of high quality video/data services– local/wide area coverage


Trends in Telecom “society”

TV

Sound

Computers

Games

MULTIMEDIAL "INFOTAINMENT"

Mobile telecom systems

Fixedtelecom systems

Media & Arts

Telecom operators

Broad-casting


The bandwidth dilemma

• “A picture says more than a thousand words”

• … unfortunately the cost to transmit it in a wireless system is 1000 times higher as well, regarding– power,– bandwidth, and– infrastructure density


What is PCC?

• A national research program financed by the Swedish foundation for strategic research (SSF)

• A cooperation between CTH, KTH, LTH, LTU, and UU

• A graduate school with more than 40 Ph.D. students

• A scientific research program with a strong industrial base

• The largest Swedish research initiative in computing and communication ($18M 1997-2001)


The PCC university network

LTU

UUKTH

CTH

LTH


About SSF

• SSF (Stiftelsen för strategisk forskning) is a foundation for promoting research and research education of strategic importance for Swedish competitiveness

• Started in 1994, SSF administers a capital of about $1.1 billion

• SSF supports about 50 national programs out of which PCC is the largest

(More information on http://www.stratresearch.se/)


PCC research focus: Converging technologies

PersonalCom puting

Com puterNetworks

Com puterCom m unication

Tele-com m unication

M obileCom m unication PCC


Converging networks• Data traffic on telecommunication networks

– ATM – Modems– ISDN– XDSL– HSCSD, GPRS

• Telecommunication traffic on computer networks– ATM– IP telephony– Web cameras– Conference systems


Converging industries

Telecom industry

Computer industry

Media industry

Cellu lar te lephony

Internet

Local area networks

Personal com puters

E lectronic publish ing

Enterta inm ent

Inte lligent networks

Voice and data com m unication


Ongoing PCC projects• Ubiquitous computing and communications

(8 Ph.D. students)

• Overall design of 4th-generation wireless infrastructures (6 Ph.D. students)

• Adaptive antennas in wideband radio access networks (6 Ph.D. students)

• Wireless IP (4 Ph.D. students)

• Algorithm/hardware co-design for mobile communications systems (6 Ph.D. students)

• Mobile wireless access to fixed networks (5 Ph.D. students)

• Generic technologies (7 Ph.D. students)


Ubiquitous Computing and Communications

(Prof. Carl Gustaf Jansson: [email protected])

• Design aspects and methodology for building distributed interactive software systems (KTH)

• Secure agent-based software systems (KTH)

• Functionality and design of mobile terminal artefacts (KTH)

• Personal mobility (KTH)

• Software architectures for virtual spaces (KTH)

• Software platforms for networked applications (KTH)

• Efficient authentication in mobile communication (KTH)


Overall design of 4th-generationwireless infrastructures(Prof. Jens Zander: [email protected])

• OFDM air interface (CTH)

• Adaptive antennas based air interface (KTH)

• Wireless network planning and economy (KTH)

• Wireless resource management in multiple operator infrastructures (KTH)

• Economics of multimedia services (KTH)

• Multicast routing for mobile real-time applications (KTH)


Adaptive Antennas in WidebandRadio Access Networks(Prof. Björn Ottersten: [email protected])

• Channel modeling and signal processing (CTH)

• ASIC implementation of DSP algorithms for Adaptive Antennas (LTH)

• Antenna integrated circuit implementation techniques (UU)

• Multiple access techniques (KTH)

• Adaptive space-time interference suppression (CTH)

• Spatio-temporal processing for transmit diversity and multiple access (KTH)


Wireless IP (Dr. Mikael Sternad: [email protected])

• Scheduling of IP over wireless connections (UU)

• Air interface issues for packet data over wireless connections (CTH)

• Gateway, proxy, and client architectures for wireless Internet access (UU)

• Design of IP-type protocols for wireless connections (CTH)


Algorithm/Hardware Co-Design for Mobile Communications Systems

(Prof. John B. Anderson: [email protected])

• Algorithm/hardware co-optimization of coding schemes (LTH)

• Convolutional coding for packet transmission (LTH)

• Turbo coding (LTH)

• Image coding (LTH)

• Information integrity for packet radio (LTH)

• Adaptive strategies for high efficiency transmission in CDMA systems (LTH)


Mobile Wireless Access toFixed Networks

(Dr. Johan Karlsson: [email protected])

• Physical layer modelling and estimation (LTH)

• Medium access control and data link adaptation(LTH)

• Performance and control of the wireless access(LTH)

• Management and mobility (LTH)

• Mobile ad hoc networking (LTH)


Generic Technologies

• Digital RF techniques and architectures for multi-standard radio systems (KTH)

• Low-power system integration (KTH)

• 5 GHz monolithic transceivers (LTH)

• Speech and audio coding (CTH)

• Transmission strategies for radio interfaces (CTH)

• Mobile and multicast routing (LTU)

• Snoop, compression and mobile IP state migration (LTU)


Discussions and preliminary results from some PCC projects

• Scenarios for future computing and communication environments

• Technology background assumptions


Scenarios for future computing and communication environments

• Overall design of 4th-generation wireless infrastructures

• Prof. Jens Zander, KTH

• http://www.s3.kth.se/radio/4GW/


Scenarios—a tool for future research

• Scenarios - one tool out of several

• Provide background information

• Extract potential key research problems

• Expand mind of project participants


Anything Goes

• Generic hardware, functionality and services in software

• Manufacturers rule the markets

• Intelligent individual adaptations of services

• High development pace

• Large amount of de-facto standards

• Transparent network access


The Anything Goes World

VR goggles

Home W-LAN

On-line shopping

Virtual Friends


Big Brother

• More and more personal info available

• Skepticism about computer safety

• Political pressure for strong control

• Global security control handled by international governmental organizations

• Very few operators

• Low development rate


The Big Brother World

ID badges and PIN codes everywhere

Everything needs to be certified and approved

People are careful surrendering information

Trust is the main measure in business and private life


Pocket Computing• Social and political differences

• High bandwidth is still expensive

• Highly differentiated services and pricing levels

• Specialized service providers, which also provide the equipment

• Global multi-purpose services compete with local specialized services


The Pocket Computing WorldStanislaw• Pays for high QoS

• Flexibility and information access is the key for business

• He roams freely, gets priority access, but for high cost

Aldous Low-price services He has “his” operator,

which cares about everything


Scenario Summary• Anything

Goes

• Big Brother

• Pocket Computing

Information is part of everyday life Highly developed technology Equipment providers rule

Security - Trust Brand names of immense value Regulators rule

Technology highly developed, but restricted availability

Highly diversified Operators/Service providers rule


Technology background assumptions

• Tele-presence

• Ubiquitous information access

• Increased inter-machine communication

• Intelligent adaptive services

• Focus on security

• Heterogeneous infrastructure

• Overlay network architecture

• Improved wireless resource utilization

• Improved access ports and terminals


Tele-presence

• real time

• multicast support

• multi-party meeting

• 100Mbps with data compression and fast sensory feedback


Ubiquitous information access

• not delay critical

• high data rate (video…)

• virtually seamless

• asymmetric traffic pattern

• dominated by education and entertainment


Increased inter-machinecommunication

• Simple routines – e.g., Refrigerator telling repair shop

maintenance is required

• Sophisticated massive data exchange– e.g., Medical equipment in ambulance

communicating with hospital


Focus on security

• High data integrity

• Protection against unauthorized access

• Schemes for preventing unauthorized tracking of users


Heterogeneous infrastructure

• 4GW consists of several switching fabrics

• All elements are digital

• Connectionless packet switching (IP style) backbone

• Packet switching air interfaces

• Overlay wireless network architecture


Overlay network architecture• Multitude of air

interfaces

• Consists of wireless systems from the late 90’s

• New systems: 5-60Ghz 100Mbps to terminals

• Internet-working (IP)


Improved wireless resource utilization

• New air interfaces

• Smart antennas

• Multicast for group communication

• Efficient protocol design for wireless networks

• Ad-hoc networking– unlicensed bands utilization– dynamic sharing of the unlicensed spectrum– wireless, self-organizing networks


Improved access ports and terminals

• Improved access ports– Multi-mode access ports– Multiple air interfaces for a wide

range of terminals– Low-cost hardware

• Variety of terminals– Large range of bandwidth

(10kbps to 100Mbps)– Long battery life (> 1week)– Complex (multi-mode, multi-

function)– Cheap (single mode, single

function)


Conclusions

• Mobile communications is a growing market requiring intense research efforts

• The convergence of Computing and Communication calls for multi-disciplinary research and development

• The 4th-generation wireless systems will comprise a multitude of software environments, networks, protocols, air interfaces, and terminals

• The PCC program is one measure for meeting these future challenges in mobile communications

Documents

Bengt-Arne Molin, 9/1/2015 Bengt-Arne Molin Program Director [email protected] PCC— A Strategic Research Program in Personal Computing