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Benefits of compliance with the acquis in the potential candidate countries Summary Results from benefits study: On former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Albania, Serbia, incl. Kosovo, Bosnia & Herzegovina and Montenegro (Arcadis-Ecolas, IEEP, Metroeconomica and Enviro-L) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Benefits of compliance with the acquis in the potential candidate countries
Summary Results from benefits study:On former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Albania, Serbia,
incl. Kosovo, Bosnia & Herzegovina and Montenegro (Arcadis-Ecolas, IEEP, Metroeconomica and Enviro-L)
Patrick ten Brink (IEEP), Ljupco Avramovski (Enviro-L), Stijn Vermoote (Arcadis Ecolas), Samuela Bassi (IEEP), Karen Callebaut (Arcadis Ecolas), Arnoud Lust (Arcadis Ecolas), Alistair Hunt (Metroeconomica)
Patrick ten Brink Senior Fellow and Head of Brussels Office
Institute for European Environmental Policy (IEEP)www.ieep.eu
Priority Environmental Investment Programme (PEIP) – CARDS Regional
Regional Meeting for Senior Officials from SEE and Donors’ Community
26th NovemberBrussels, Belgium
Aim of SEE Benefits Study
Explore and estimate the environmental, economic, and social benefits likely to arise from the full implementation of the EU env. legislation in the SEE countries - the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Albania, Serbia, incl. Kosovo, Bosnia & Herzegovina and Montenegro.
Get a full and better understanding of the real effects of their accession to the EU – covering benefits and not only costs.
And ensure that environmental concerns are given the attention, priority and funding that they deserve.
Aim of this presentation – give an overview as to the results
Each country that wishes to join the EU needs to implement the body of EU environmental law, known as the ‘Acquis Communautaire’,
This comprises around 300 Environmental Directives and Regulations, including daughter Directives and amendments + environmental aspects of legislation in other sectors
Transposition : Legislative compliance
Getting administrative capacity in place
Implementing legislation – identifying (best/appropriate new) projects; covering investment costs; finding funding/finance,
Operation/maintenance (possible upgrade) of environmental infrastructure
Monitoring and enforcing legislation
The Implementation Challenge
SEE Benefits Studies
What can be said in what terms and what was explored?
Valuation
and
Quantification
and
Description
of
Benefits
Monetary Value
Quantitative Review of Effects
Non-Specified Benefits
Full Range of Effects
Air Water Waste Nature
Qualitative Review
ChemicalsNuclear
Yes Yes Yes Yes
yesyes
NoNoElements
Yes
How much would the reduced emissions and damages avoided by
implementing EU directives be worth?
Quantitative: Level of
emissions reduced
E.g. how many cases of
respiratory diseases are
avoided?
Type of
benefits – eg health impac
ts, cleane
r water
Need to be realistic about what can be said in what terms and to what audience.
Benefit Type Air Water Waste Nature
Health Avoided respiratory illnesses and premature deaths
Households access to and confidence in clean drinking water, clean bathing waters
Reduced risk of poisoning and accidents due to methane leakage
Access to nature positive for health; nature ‘green lungs’
Resources Avoided damage to buildings and crops
Cleaner groundwater (aquifers) (less pre-treatment) and surface waters, bathing waters
Reduced input of primary material, energy generation
Local produce + ecosystem services (water purification)
Eco-systems Avoided global warming from CO2 emissions
Improved river water quality (+ biodiversity / eco-system stability / health)
Avoided global warming from CH4 emissions
Protected areas and species
Social Improved access to cultural heritage (less damage to historic buildings)
Angling and recreation in rivers, lakes and beaches
Awareness of own responsibility and impacts on the environment
Access to protected areas – individuals, communities, work
Wider Economic
Cultural tourism.Attracting investment.Employment from environmental goods
Increased tourism to recognised clean beaches; reducing pre-treatment costs and attracting investment
Reduced primary materials imports. Attracting investment given locational quality.
Eco-tourism and general nature tourism
Benefits of Action types
Air Pollution related benfitsQuantitative Assessment – Results
(fewer cases of chronic bronchitis & early mortality)
AIR - QUANTITATIVE
ALBANIA BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA FYR MACEDONIA
INDICATOR OF IMPACTS ON MORBIDITY
395 (domestic + external) 137 (domestic)
1.271 (domestic + external) 164 (domestic)
381 (domestic + external) 50 (domestic)
INDICAROT OF IMPACTS ON MORTALITY
250 (domestic + external) 82 (domestic)
971 (domestic + external) 103 (domestic)
237 (domestic + external) 30 (domestic)
KOSOVO UNDER UNSCR 1244
MONTENEGRO SERBIA
INDICATOR OF IMPACTS ON MORBIDITY
720 (domestic + external) 187 (domestic)
200 (domestic + external) 52 (domestic)
3.083 (domestic + external) 801 (domestic)
INDICAROR OF IMPACTS ON MORTALITY
454 (domestic + external) 115 (domestic)
126 (domestic + external) 32 (domestic)
2.437 (domestic + external) 493 (domestic)
TOTAL SEE COUNTRIES (EXCEPT CROATIA)* INDICATOR OF IMPACTS ON MORBIDITY
6.050 (domestic + external) 1.441 (domestic)
INDICAROT OF IMPACTS ON MORTALITY
4.475 (domestic + external) 855 (domestic)
Monetary Assessment - Results
AIR - MONETARY
ALBANIA BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA FYR MACEDONIA
BENEFIT VALUE LINKED TO PREMATURE DEATH
59-105 MEUR/y: domestic 295 MEUR/y: domestic + external
72-128 MEUR/y: domestic 1.150 MEUR/y: domestic + external
22-38 MEUR/y: domestic 285 MEUR/y: domestic + external
KOSOVO UNDER UNSCR 1244
MONTENEGRO SERBIA
BENEFIT VALUE LINKED TO PREMATURE DEATH
82-145 MEUR/y: domestic 543 MEUR/y: domestic + external
23-40 MEUR/y: domestic 191 MEUR/y: domestic + external
351-621 MEUR/y: domestic 1314 MEUR/y: domestic + external
TOTAL SEE COUNTRIES (EXCEPT CROATIA)* BENEFIT VALUE LINKED TO PREMATURE DEATH
631-1.115 MEUR/y: domestic
Remarks:•The gaseous pollutants (NMVOC, SO2, NOX, NH3) comprise almost 73% of the benefits;•PM10 comprise almost 27% of the total benefits; •Avoided early mortality is generally the largest source of benefit (ca. 64%);•Morbidity reduced benefits account generally for ca. 32% whilst reduced damage to materials and to crops account for 4% and 0,0001% respectively;
*: total monetary benefits (linked to premature death) for the SEE countries (except Croatia) resulting from the summation of domestic efforts to comply with the EU acquis in the field of air.
Benefits - Water
Health benefits Households benefiting from connection to (improved) quality water
Resource benefits
Reduction of contaminants in surface water
Ecosystem benefits
Likely changes in river and lake water quality
Social benefits Confidence in drinking waterWider economic benefits
Employment via tourism related to water recreation
Water: Monetary assessment
Water - Monetary Total SEE-countries (except Croatia)
Annual benefit of drinking waters
654 MEUR/year
Annual benefit of improved surface water (use value)
71.1-186.9 MEUR/year
Annual benefit of improved ecosystem quality of surface water (non-use value)
18.3 MEUR/year
Total discounted benefits over 20 years
6,133-7,307 MEUR
Waste: Qualitative Assessment
In general the region faces large problems with:
• wild waste dumps and non-compliant landfills, • the lack of a well organised waste collection system and lack of separate collection of waste streams • lack of regional sanitary landfills and • lack of decent hazardous waste management
The need for the establishment of a well functioning waste stream data system and investments in public awareness raising events is a priority for all of the countries under investigation.
Waste: Qualitative Assessment
Health benefits
Lower pollution to groundwater and surface water Reduced health and explosions risks as well as lower impact on global warming as methane emissions from landfills are captured and made to generate energy. Reduced health risks by improved treatment and disposal of hazardous waste
Resource benefits
Increased efficiency in the use of material and reduced production of primary material as a result of higher levels of recycling. The recovery of energy is increased through the Incineration Directive.
Ecosystem benefits
Benefits to eco-systems and other environmental resources as emissions from waste activities into air, water and soil are reduced (avoided leachate, methane emissions) – reduced pressure
Social benefits Reduced discrimination by fewer low income households living close to unprotected landfills, etc.
Wider economic benefits
Lower costs for waste collection, treatment and disposal, as less waste will be produced.
Waste: Quantitative Assessment
WASTE- QUANTITATIVE TOTAL SEE COUNTRIES (EXCEPT CROATIA)*
REDUCED LEVELS OF METHANE EMISSIONS (LANDFILL DIRECTIVE) 70-690
LANDFILL DISPOSAL LEVELS (LANDFILL DIRECTIVE) Average between 64 to 54% of non-implementation levels (depending on further investments in waste incineration or not)
RECYCLING LEVELS (PACKAGING AND PACKAGING WASTE DIRECTIVE)
for paper: +519 ktonnes; for glass: +245 ktonnes; for plastic: +60 ktonnes; and for metals: +56 ktonnes Total: 883 ktonnes/ year
Benefits from Nature Directives in SEE
• Environmental benefits Increased protected areas coverage: from 6 to 13% on
average Increase in the level of protection: eg of relict lakes
ecosystems in Albania, FYROM and Kosovo Increased connectivity between protected areas: eg reduced
fragmentation in FYROM due to infrastructures, overuse of resources etc
Reduced threats/risks to species and habitats: eg wetlands destruction, intensive agriculture etc threatening birds in Kosovo
Eco-system benefits: eg reduced soil erosion from deforestation in Albania
Improved environmental data – especially in Kosovo and B-H
Now
Reduced threats, improved mgt
Quality
1900
Quantity
1950
2000
1000
Transformation of Europe to Agricultural economy
Pollution starts to have major effect on quality
Quality
Quantity
With EU Acquis
Further potential possible
Designation of new areas as Natura 2000
Approach: Nature benefits
Qualitative benefits: environmental – social - economic Quantitative benefits: expected increase in protected areas sizeMonetary benefits: n/a
Quantification: size of protected areas
• Current level of protected areas: from 0.5% (B-H) to 9% (Albania)
• Planned coverage: from 10% (Kosovo/Serbia) to 16% (B-H) • Planned growth of 1.3 million ha new forests in Serbia• Potential further increase of protected areas – eg towards
EU average: 15-30%
Country Current coverage (% ) Future expected coverage (% ) Albania 9% 14.5% Bosnia-Herzegovina 0.5% 16% FYROM 7.3% 12% Kosovo 4.3% 10% Montenegro 8% 15%* Serbia 6.5% 10% Average SEE countries 5.9% 12.9%
Overall conclusions of the study• Approximately 6050 equivalent cases of chronic bronchitis / 4475 fewer
cases of premature death arising from lung cancer could be avoided per year • Air benefits : annual benefit 631 to 1.115 million EUR, • 55% to 94% of population benefiting from quality improvements of
drinking water / 6.3 million households • Drinking water quality benefits : around 654 million EUR/year• Benefits of an improved surface water quality : 114 to 389 million EUR/year • Total Water Benefits: 750 - 893 million EUR/year• Total benefits air and water: 1,4 - 2 billion EUR/year • Reduction of methane emissions from landfills: 70 - 191 ktonnes/year• decrease in landfill disposal levels to around 64 to 54% of the non-
implementation levels.• Level of nature protected areas increases from 0.5% - 8% of the territory to
about 10% - 16% • Level of management and protection expected to improve. The SEE countries
will add to the wealth of EU biodiversity and ecosystems.
Overall conclusions of the study• Implementation of the EU environmental acquis leads to very
important environmental, economic and social benefits for the SEE countries
• When comparing these benefits with the associated costs, careful interpretation is needed, taking into account qualitative, quantified and monetised benefits and the uncertainty margins
• Understanding of Benefits should help confirm priority for action.
Results hopefully useful for:
National ministries of environment National ministries of health, labour and consumer protection Regional authorities For municipalities For inspectorates/enforcement agencies For the European commission - for a basis for dialogue
Good for the environment – with economic and social benefits Supporting move to EU accession
Benefits of compliance with the acquis in the potential candidate countries
IEEP is an independent not for profit institute dedicated to advancing an environmentally sustainable Europe through policy analysis, development and
dissemination.
Thank you
Patrick ten Brink Institute for European Environmental Policy (IEEP)
www.ieep.eu Building on work by the team:
Arcadis-Ecolas, IEEP, Metroeconomica & Enviro-L
Priority Environmental Investment Programme (PEIP) – CARDS Regional
Regional Meeting for Senior Officials from SEE and Donors’ Community
26th NovemberBrussels, Belgium