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Benefits and Challenges of Benefits and Challenges of TourismTourism
A Local, Regional and International A Local, Regional and International PerspectivePerspective
Rachel CollisRachel CollisTourism AnalystTourism Analyst
Ministry of TourismMinistry of TourismAntigua & BarbudaAntigua & Barbuda
March 2008March 2008
Tourism DefinedTourism Defined
Tourism may be defined as: • The activities of persons travelling to and
staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year
• Leisure travel, business travel and other purposes
• Activities within the place visited, which result in remuneration.
Tourism DefinedTourism Defined
It is the industry of the future which embraces the values and lifestyles of future generations
Tourism DefinedTourism Defined
• promotes the understanding and preservation of culture and the environment
• fosters co-operation between the private sector, public sector and local communities
• presents career opportunities unlike any other industry.
Tourism is the only industry which:Tourism is the only industry which:
Tourism DefinedTourism Defined
●Enriches individuals, families, communities
●Invigorates economies
●Stimulates development
Strengths of TourismStrengths of Tourism
• An industry with good investment opportunities (hotels, restaurants,etc)
• It sustains more than 1 in 10 jobs around the world
• It stimulates innovations in travel and the milestones which the airline industry has reached (e g, space tourism)
• It promotes improvements in the accommodation sector
• It spotlights the emergence of the cruise and yachting industry as a giant in the hospitality industry
Strengths of TourismStrengths of Tourism
• IT transforms how tourism is marketed• Training of employees to deliver quality
service• Feeling of confidence, of self-assertiveness
which the industry now enjoys.
Sustainable Benefits of TourismSustainable Benefits of Tourism
● Tourism generates jobs directly through hotels, restaurants, nightclubs,
taxis, souvenir sales, arts and crafts indirectly through the supply of goods and
services needed by tourism-related businesses. • Tourism contributes to the emergence of local
entrepreneurial and management groups, especially in the areas of hotels, restaurants, nightclubs, shops, ground transport, water sport operation and entertainment.
Sustainable Benefits of TourismSustainable Benefits of Tourism
Tourism promotes improvements in
• the environment • the infrastructure • communications • the provision of utilities (clean water,, etc)
Sustainable Benefits in TourismSustainable Benefits in Tourism
• Accommodation• Adventure & Recreation• Attractions• Events & Conferences• Food & Beverages• Tourism Services• Transportation• Travel Trade• Hospitality Management• Consultants• Accountants• Linguists/Interpreters• Environmental specialists
Opportunities are created for employment in the areas of:Opportunities are created for employment in the areas of:
Tourism Contributes to Government Revenues Tourism Contributes to Government Revenues via:via:
• Direct Contributions - taxes on incomes from tourism employment and tourism businesses, and by direct levies on tourists, such as departure taxes.
• Indirect Contributions - taxes and duties levied on goods and services supplied to tourists.
Tourism Stimulates Infrastructural InvestmentTourism Stimulates Infrastructural Investment
• roads • electricity • telephone • public transport
networks • service facilities• water and sewage • systems
Tourism Stimulates Social Development in Tourism Stimulates Social Development in Local CommunitiesLocal Communities
• upgraded infrastructure• festivals and sporting events• jobs in rural communities to help stem
influx of persons into the city
Diversification of the Local EconomyDiversification of the Local Economy
Tourism also serves as a major stimulus to the development of other economic sectors, such as agriculture, handicraft, agro-industry manufacturing, banking, trade and commerce, art, culture, music and entertainment.
Brief Global Tourism OutlookBrief Global Tourism Outlook
• Receipts from the global tourism industrytotalled US$735 billionin 2006
• Economic growth was almost 5% in 2007, with the same forecast
for 2008
Brief Global Tourism OutlookBrief Global Tourism Outlook
• 808 million persons travelled abroad in 2005
• by the year 2010 more than 900 million persons would have taken at least one pleasure trip
• Tourism supports some 10% of the world’s workers.
• The relationship between tourism, climate change and poverty alleviation will be more defined.
Regional OutlookRegional Outlook• Tourism is responsible for:-
• 14.8% of the region’s GDP • 15.1% of total employment • 19.7% of total foreign exchange earnings• economic growth (estimated) of 4.1%
annually• employment growth (estimated) of 2.8%
annually
Local Outlook on TourismLocal Outlook on TourismThe tourism sector is the most important economic activity in
Antigua and Barbuda.
It represents • over 85% of total foreign exchange earnings • 48 % of export earnings • 59% of total capital investment• approx 70% of GDP.It generates • approx. 8,000 jobs (26%) directly, plus a further
3,000 jobs in related areas throughout the economy (2006).
• total visitor expenditures of approximately EC$919.8 million per year.
Local Outlook on Tourism Local Outlook on Tourism (cont)(cont)
• 262,000 stay-over tourists visited Antigua in 2007 (254,000 in 2006)
• 672,788 cruise passengers visited Antigua in 2007
• An estimated 70,000+ day visitors arrive each year from other nearby islands, mainly forbusiness, trade, or personal reasons, including some leisure trips (intra-regional tourism).
Local Outlook on Tourism Local Outlook on Tourism (cont)(cont)
• Tourism employs an estimated 40 % of the workforce
Challenges to Our TourismChallenges to Our Tourism
• external competition (global and regional) • the emergence of the ‘new tourist’ • changes in consumer tastes
• revolution in information and communication technologies (ICTs)
• political drivers of change
• The influence of air transport
Challenges to Our TourismChallenges to Our Tourism• adapting to changes in the key generating
markets• pursuing what we can do best ( in terms of
niche markets) with the resources that we have
• training as a response to growth in the industry
• embracing and making optimal use of advancements in ICTs
• developing strategic alliances and partnerships with stakeholders locally, regionally and internationally
More ChallengesMore Challenges• providing a favourable and balanced
investment climate• engaging in continuous and appropriate
institutional strengthening • ensuring that our policies and actions
recognize the interconnectivity of tourism with all parts of our economy and society
• being deliberate in promoting tourism that is environmentally, socially and economically sustainable
Problems in the IndustryProblems in the Industry
• increasing competition from destinations offering better value for money (e g, Cuba and Dominican Republic in the Caribbean)
• a weak institutional framework with inadequate controls that can lead to tourism development which is both inappropriate and intrusive and can cause irreversible damage to the natural environment
• product quality and price
• service that sometimes appear indifferent
• low return on investment
• inadequate marketing
Problems in the Tourism IndustryProblems in the Tourism Industry
a lack of awareness on the part of those making decisions about tourism development of the social, economic and environmental balance to be pursued in achieving sustainable development
a lack of commitment by tourism operators and travelers to contribute to safeguarding the local environment and culture of the host destination
Failure to recognize that a critical mass is needed to compete with the big giants in the industry
More Problems in the Tourism IndustryMore Problems in the Tourism Industry
“unfairly traded tourism“ whereby local communities are unable to share in its benefits
large flows of visitors in remote or sensitive locations who can place considerable strain on local resources and supply systems.
travellers’ expectations of the goods and services which should be available can lead to these items or services being imported from outside or local supply chains being distorted to meet the demand
Changes in the destination’s cultural make-up, if poorly managed, resulting in increased crime, prostitution and other social problems.
Threats to TourismThreats to Tourism
• Terrorism• Natural disasters• Health concerns • Competition• Ecological problems from the cruise
industry• Overcrowding of destinations
Threats to Tourism (cont)Threats to Tourism (cont)
• Political will and control
• Themed concept of tourism
• Degradation of the environment
Opportunities in TourismOpportunities in Tourism
• Creation of festivals, theme parks• Diversification of the product, e g, hotel packages• Good reputation for safety and tranquillity• Capitalize on problems in other countries• Growing focus on training of hospitality staff and
tourism planners• Small states’ use of ICT’s to market at reduced
costs