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Beneficial & Pest Complexes Fruit Industry
Natural Resources Conservation District (NRCS) & Washington
Conservation District(s)
Robert Koch, Feb.19.2009
Pest 2
Codling Moth (CM)Cydia pomonella
• Codling moths have finely mottled gray wings, larvae are white to pinkish with a brown head, body lenght (15 mm)
• Adult moths body length (9 mm) wingspan (20 mm)
Pest 3
CM Eggs
• CM eggs, laid singular on upper side of leaf, (1mm) circular and flatten
• Mature eggs become creamy white in color
Pest 4
CM Damage
Pest 5
Obliquebanded Leafroller (OBLR)Choristoneura rosacena
• OBLR larvae (up to 18-25 mm in length) body color varies greatly, greenish in color black to brownish head with a black thoracic shield
Pest 6
OBLR Eggs & Adults
• Egg Masses (7 to 14 mm in length), up to 200 eggs per mass, yellowish to green in color, found on the upper leaf surface
• Adults are brown with chocolate bars on back of wings (25 mm wingspan)
• Body length (19-25 mm)
Pest 7
OBLR DAMAGE
• Topical feeding, no tunneling
Pest 8
OBLR Adult & Leaf Rolling
Pest 9
Pandemis Leafroller (PL)Pandemis limitata
Pest 10
PL
• Head/Thoracic Shield: Green to Light tan, Body is green
• Eggs yellowish to green, 50 to 300 eggs on upper leaf surface
• Adults (13 to 18 mm)• Brown, banded
pattern center in middle of back
Pest 11
PL Damage
Pest 12
Pear Psylla (PP) Cacopsylla pyricola (Foerster)
Pest 13
Western Cherry Fruit Fly Rhagoletis indifferens Curran
Pest 14
Walnut Husk Fly Rhagoletis completa Cresson
Pest 15
Apple Maggot (AM) Phagoletis pomonella (Walsh)
Pest 16
Comparison
• Walnut Husk Fly
• Apple Maggot
• Cherry Fruit Fly
Pest 17
Two Spotted Spider Mites (TSSM)Tetranychus urticas Koch
Pest 18
McDaniel Mites (MM)Tetranychus mcdanieli McGregor
Pest 19
European Red MitesPanonychus ulmi Koch
Pest 20
ERM Eggs
• Over winter eggs on rough bark, many thousands can exist, spring/summer, eggs on under side of leaf
• Red, globular, hatch begins at TC to Pink
• Hatch every few days in extended hot days
Pest 21
ERM & Damage
• Immature are orange to reddish
• Adults Females are red, males are yellowish and smaller
• ERM can populate quickly causing “Bronzing,” disrupting tree phenology
Pest 22
Pear Rust Mite (PRM)Epitrimerus pyri (Nalepa)
• Overwinter in bark cervices
• Females emerge as buds expand and infest clusters
• Pops expansion in cooler temps and occur quickly
• Damage russet on fruit
Pest 23
Apple Rust Mite (ARM)Aculus schlechtendali (Nalepa)
• Overwinter as an adult “Deutogynes”
• Eggs hatch in spring and multiple generation exist during the summer
• Considered a food supply for beneficial, bronzing can occur
Pest 24
Grape Mealybug (GMB)Pseudococcus maritimus (Ehrhorn)
• Females are crawlers, cottony white coloration
• Nymphs are crawlers pink to salmon color
• Males are winged
Pest 25
Western Flower Thrips (WFT)Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)
• WFT emerge during P to B, damage is called Pansy Spot, Goldens & Granny Smith
Pest 26
Ambrosia Beetle or European Shothole Borer Xyleborus saxeseni
Shothole Borer or Fruittree Bark Beetle Scolytus rugulosus Muller
• Ambrosia Beetle (AB) • Shothole Borer (SHB)
Pest 27
Campylomma or Mullein Plant Bug (CAM) (Campylomma verbasci (Meyer)
• Pest (feeds on flowers and fruitlet at bloom)
• Predatory (feed on aphids, pear psylla)
Pest 28
Green Apple Aphid (GAA)Aphis pomi De Geer
Pest 29
Rosy Apple Aphid (RAA)Dysaphis plantaginea Passerini
Quick moving colonies
Pest 30
Woolly Apple Aphid (WAA)Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausman)
Pest 31
Apple Grain Aphid (AGA)Phopalosiphum fitchii (Sanderson)
Pest 32
Black Cherry Aphid (BCA)Myzus cerasi (Fabricius)
Pest 33
Stink Bugs (SB) Hemiptera: PentatomidaeLygus Bug (LB)or Tarnished Plant Bug: Lygus Lineolaris (Palisot de
Beauvois)Western Boxelder Bug (BB) Leptocoris rubrolineatus Barber
• LB
• SB
• BB
Pest 34
White Apple Leafhopper (WAL) Typhlocyba pomaria McAtee
Western Tentiform Leafminer (WTL) Phyllonorycter elmaella Doganlar & Mutuura
Lacanobia Fruitworm (LAC) or cutworm Lacanobia subjuncta
• WAL
• WTL
• LAC
Pest 35
San Jose Scale (SJS)Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock)
Pest 36
SLS Damage
Pest 37
Powdery Mildew Erysiphe necator (PM)
• Fungus, any leaf tissueis susceptible
Pest 38
Fire Blight (FB) Erwina amyivora
• Bacteria pathogen
Pest 39
Apple Scab Venturia inaequalis
• Fungus
Beneficial 40
Lacewings Neuropter:Chrysopdia
Beneficial 41
Lady Beetles Coleoptera: Coccinellidae
Beneficial 42
Hover or Flower or Syrphid Flies Scaeva pyrastri (Linneaus) or Eupeodes volucris Osten
Sacken
Beneficial 43
Predatory Midge or Cecidomyiid Bugs
Beneficial 44
Deraeocoris Bug Deraeocoris flavilinea
Anthocorid Bugs • Deraeocoris Bug
• Anthocorid Bugs
Pirate Bugs
Minute Pirate Bugs
Beneficial 45
Damsel or Nabid Bugs Hempitera: Nabidae
Beneficial 46
Rough Plant Bug Brochymena spp.
Beneficial 47
Big Eyed Bug Geocoris spp
Beneficial 48
Western Predatory Mite Typhlodromus occidentalis (Nesbitt)
Beneficial 49
Zetzellia Predatory Mites Zetzellia mali
Beneficial 50
Tachinid Flies Tachinidae spp
Beneficial 51
Eulophid Wasp Pnigalio flavipes (Ashmead)
Beneficial 52
Predatory WaspColcoclypeus florus
Beneficial 53
Predatory Wasp Aphelinus mali
FIN
Pest 55
Lesser Apple Worm (LAW)Grapholita prunivora (Walsh)
Pest 56
Oriental Fruit Moth (OFM)Grapholita molesta
Pest 57
Plum Curculio (PC)Conotrachelus nenuphar
Pest 58
Red Banded Leafroller (RBLR)Argyrotaenia velutinana (Walker)
Pest 59
Light Brown Apple Moth (LBAM)Epiphyas postvittana
Pest 60
European Apple Sawfly (EAS)Hoplocampa testudinea (Klug)