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Dfkemjltcika Tfai`kln E`jwfririfkfuuik rmf Fvt`wflk Envurft @duftlr`ty

Wt`w`ufb E`kefwrvln Otljfq`tc lkb Blrl E`nnferi`k Lwwt`lem

Rmf q`tc vkbftnyika rmiu w`uiri`k wlwft mlu dffk bffn`wfb dy l rflj `o tfufltemftu lr

@tcfurtl. rmf Dlu|vf Ikurirvrf `o E`jwfririfkfuu -@TC) lkb rmf Efkrtf o`t Urtlrfay lkb

E`jwfririfkfuu lr rmf Ur`ecm`nj Uem``n `o Fe`k`jieu -EUE)8

Jlti H`uf Ltlkavtfk -@TC). Uvulkl Otlke` -@TC). Emtiurilk Cfrfnu -EUE). Luift Jvteifa`

-@TC). Jicfn Klltt` -@TC) lkb Hljfu Qinu`k -@TC). Lwtin 47

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Blrl ld`vr envurft ikirilrifu -rmf o`evu `o rmf kfq e`nnld`tlri`k wnlro`tj ik

FE@*II)

Rmf blrl `k tfai`kln dvuikfuu fkit`kjfkru rmlr qf e`nnfer ik QW4 qinn oiturny fkldnf

vu r` ufwltlrf rmf tfnlrif t`nfu `o dvuikfuu fkit`kjfkr |vlniry lkb uwfeilniulri`k

`k biooftfkr rywfu `o fe`k`jie `vre`jfu+ Wlur tfufltem ikbielrfu rmlr uwfeilniulri`k

iu lk ijw`trlkr dvr k`r rmf `kny ijw`trlkr oler`t f}wnlikika `vre`jfu+ Rmf urt`ka

w`uirif tfnlri`kumiw dfrqffk uwfeilniulri`k -envurft wtfufkef) lkb fe`k`jie

`vre`jfu qlu o`vkb r` m`nb o`t e`vkrtifu lr dt`lbny uijinlt urlafu `o fe`k`jie

bffn`wjfkr. i+f+ rmf `nb FV*

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Rmiu w`uiri`k wlwft liju r` urijvnlrf biuevuui`k lj`ka l at`vw `o f}wftru ikirfb r`

rmf q`tcum`w R`j`tt`qu Ikk`lrif Ikbvurtifu8 Tfai`kln lkb Klri`kln Uwfeilniulri`k

Wlrrftku lkb rmf T`nf `o rmf Tfai`kln Dvuikfuu Fkit`kjfkr. r` df mfnb ik Dtvuufnu ik

Jly 47

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4 WT@W@UFB OTLJFQ@TC

4+

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Btiftu rmlr biooft let`uu tfai`ku lkb ltf ufr lr rmf tfai`kln3 i+f+ nlkb wnlkkika

lkb rmf fooieifkey `o n`eln lbjikiurtlrif uftiefu+

Ik Fvt`wf. rmf lnn`elri`k `o btiftu r` rmfuf at`vwu ffk biooftu let`uu e`vkrtifu.

bfwfkbika `k rmf e`vkrty*uwfeioie nffn `o efkrtlniulri`k+

Aifk rmf rq` cfy `dhferifu `o `vt q`tc `vrnikfb lr rmf `vrufr `o rmiu wlwft. i+f+

lklnyxika rmf tfnlrif ijwler `o envurft wtfufkef lkb dvuikfuu fkit`kjfkr |vlniry

`k tfai`kln fe`k`jie wfto`tjlkef lkb wt`ibika leri`kldnf ikuiamru ikr` w`niey

wti`tirifu r` vwatlbf e`jwfririfkfuu let`uu d`rm bijfkui`ku lr rmf tfai`kln nffn.

rmf otljfq`tc kffbu r` wt`ibf rq` rywfu `o iko`tjlri`k8 L uykrmfrie uvjjlty ikbielr`t `o `ftlnn dvuikfuu fkit`kjfkr |vlniry lr rmf

tfai`kln nffn3 rmiu iu kffbfb r` rfur rmf tfnlrif ijwler `o dvuikfuu |vlniry

ftuvu envurft wtfufkef `k fe`k`jie `vre`jfu let`uu tfai`ku3

L kvlkefb wt`oinf `o e`jwfririf urtfkarmu lkb qflckfuufu ik dvuikfuu

fkit`kjfkr |vlniry lkb envurft wtfufkef o`t ikbiibvln tfai`ku. dlufb `k l

e`jwltiu`k qirm rmfit wfftu3 rmiu iu kffbfb r` wt`ibf aviblkef o`t w`niey

jlcftu `k leri`k wti`tirifu lkb iko`tjlri`k o`t e`jwlkifu lkb envurftu rmlr

ltf n``cika o`t lwwt`wtilrf uirfu `t e`nnld`tlri`k wltrkftu+

4+4 F}iurika luufuujfkru `o e`jwfririfkfuu

@ft rmf nlur ofq yfltu. l uiakioielkr d`by `o q`tc mlu luufuufb e`jwfririfkfuu

btiftu let`uu e`vkrtifu+

@kf at`vw `o urvbifu wt`ibfu tfavnlt e`jwltlrif lklnyufu `o klri`kln

e`jwfririfkfuu+ Rmf An`dln E`jwfririfkfuu Tfw`tr -Q`tnb Fe`k`jie O`tvj. 4779)

lkb rmf e`jwfrika Q`tnb E`jwfririfkfuu Yfltd``c -Ikrftklri`kln Ikurirvrf o`tJlklafjfkr Bffn`wjfkr. 4779) ltf rmf j`ur qfnn ck`qk+ Rmftf ltf lnu` `rmftu.

nicf rmf C`tflk IRWU urvby+ Rmf urtfkarm `o rmfuf tfw`tru iu rmf qflnrm `o e`vkrty

uwfeioie iko`tjlri`k rmfy wt`ibf `k l nltaf kvjdft `o ikbiibvln ikbielr`tu+

Vko`trvklrfny. rmf `talkiulri`k `o rmfuf ikbielr`tu ikr` uwfeioie at`vwu lkb nffnu iu

vuvlnny k`r e`kbveif r` wt`ibika w`niey lbief+ Lnu` jvem nfuu e`kikeika ltf rmf

e`kefwrvln j`bfnu vufb r` laatfalrf rmf wfto`tjlkef `o rmfuf ikbiibvln ikbielr`tu

ikr` lk `ftlnn ikbf} rmlr mlu urt`ka wtfbierif w`qft -uff W`trft fr ln+. 4779)+ @kf*

`oo urvbifu dy lelbfjieu nicf Olaftdfta -477=) mlf jlbf j`tf mflbqly ik rmiu

?

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bitferi`k+ Rmf @FEBu q`tc `k ovkbljfkrln at`qrm btiftu -@FEB.

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Uwfeioielnny. qf wt`w`uf `talkiuika rmf jlky oler`tu rmlr jfluvtf lkb ikonvfkeffe`k`jie leriiry ik l kvjdft `o nlyftu. biooftfkrilrfb dy rmfit tfnlri`k r` rmf

vnrijlrf `dhferif `o fe`k`jie w`niey. lkb dy rmf bfatff r` qmiem rmfy elk df

looferfb bitferny dy fe`k`jie w`niey+ Rmiu otljfq`tc iu `vrnikfb ik oiavtf < lkb

f}wnlikfb ik rmf o`nn`qika wltlatlwmu+

Oiavtf

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uvurlikldnf qfnoltf iu etflrfb ik e`jwlkifu lkb k`r rmt`vam w`niey+ Dy `vre`jf

ikbielr`tu qf rmftfo`tf tfoft r` ikbielr`tu `o vnrijlrf wfto`tjlkef3 wtijltiny r` ABWwft elwirl. dvr lnu` w`rfkrilnny r` e`jwnfjfkrlty ltildnfu rmlr elwrvtf dt`lbft

luwferu `o urlkbltb `o niika+

Dfn`q rmf urlkbltb `o niika `vre`jfu iu l ufr `o ikrftjfbilrf wfto`tjlkef

ikbielr`tu+ Rmfuf ltildnfu uvem lu wlrfkru. fjwn`yjfkr tlrfu lkb at`qrm ik

kvjdftu `o oitju ltf ijw`trlkr bilak`urie ikurtvjfkru r` dfrrft vkbfturlkb rmf

wt`efuu `o rtlkuo`tjika ovkbljfkrln btiftu `o e`jwfririfkfuu ikr` l miam urlkbltb

`o niika+ M`qfft. lalik rmfy ltf k`r bitferny e`krt`nnfb dy w`niey miam nffnu `o

wlrfkrika. o`t f}ljwnf. elk df d`vamr dy uwfkbika mvaf uvju `k ueifkef leriirifu.

dvr rmf uvurlikldnf ijwler `k wt`uwftiry qinn `kny ltiuf io rmf t``r elvufu `o

ikk`lrif leriiry ltf ijwt`fb+ Ikrftjfbilrf ikbielr`tu ltf ik foofer `vrwvru `o rmf

vkbftnyika ikrftleri`k dfrqffk rmf oitju ik l tfai`k lkb rmfit dvuikfuu fkit`kjfkr+

Rmfy uftf lk ijw`trlkr t`nf lu lk lklnyrieln r``n. k`r lu bitfer w`niey rltafr+

Rmf rmitb nffn elwrvtfu rmf ufr `oe`jwfririfkfuu btiftu+ Rmfuf ufru `o ikrft*tfnlrfb

btiftu bfrftjikf ikrftjfbilrf lkb vnrijlrf jfluvtfu `o fe`k`jie wfto`tjlkef ik l

j`tf bitfer qly lkb ltf e`krt`nnldnf r` biooftfkr bfatffu dy w`niey+ Rmfy ltf

`talkiufb ik rmtff at`vwu `o ikbielr`tu e`ttfuw`kbika r` uwfeilniulri`k -envurftu).

oitju -dfmli`vt). lkb rmf dvuikfuu fkit`kjfkr-|vlniry)+

Uwfeilniulri`k iu tfnlrfb r` rmf ikbvurtiln urtvervtf `o rmf rfttir`ty. lk fnfjfkr rmlr

FE@ I mlu f}wn`tfb ik u`jf bfrlin qirm tfaltbu rmf ijwleru `o tfai`kln uwfeilniulri`k

lkb envurft wtfufkef+ Rmiu emltlerftiurie `o tfai`ku f}midiru uiakioielkr bfatffu `o

wlrm bfwfkbfkey lkb emlkafu `kny un`qny `ft rijf. dvr w`niey wnlyu l t`nf ik

looferika lervln ijwler `o rmfuf af`atlwmie oler`tu lu qfnn lu rmf uwffb lkb bitferi`k

`o bffn`wjfkr+

Rmf uwnir dfrqffk oitju lkb rmf dvuikfuu fkit`kjfkr iu ikonvfkefb dy W`trft fr ln+

-477=) lkb rmf dvuikfuu e`jwfririfkfuu ikbf} wvdniumfb ik rmf wlur lu wltr `o rmf

An`dln E`jwfririfkfuu Tfw`tr+ Rmf tlri`klnf o`t uwnirrika rmf jiet`fe`k`jie

bfrftjiklkru `o e`jwfririfkfuu ikr` e`jwlky `wftlri`ku lkb urtlrfay lkb rmf

klri`kln dvuikfuu fkit`kjfkr iu rmlr qminf eftrlik oler`tu emltlerftiuf rmf

fkit`kjfkr ik qmiem oitju jvur `wftlrf. `rmft oler`tu ltf bitferny tfnlrfb r` em`iefu

rmlr oitju jlcf ik bfrftjikika rmfit `qk dfmli`vt+ Ik rmf oitur eluf qf elk rmikc `o

9

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rmf fkit`kjfkrln oler`tu rywielnny e`jwtiuika rmf oler`tu. bfjlkb. lkb e`krf}r o`t

urtlrfay lkb tilnty w`ikru `o W`trftu -

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5 IJWNFJFKRIKA RMF OTLJFQ@TC8 BLRL LKB

JFRM@B@N@AY IUUVFU

Ik rmf e`krf}r `o rmf wt`w`ufb otljfq`tc qf lij r` e`nnfer lkb `talkiuf rmtff nffnu

`o blrl8

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dffk lvr`jlrfb u` rmlr qf elk lbb lky blrlufr `t vwblrf lr lky rijf. lkb rmf

wt`efuu vufb r` le|vitf lkb wt`efuu rmiu blrl iu innvurtlrfb ik Lwwfkbi} 4+ 6 Ik lbbiri`kr` FVT@URLR. rmftf ltf l tlkaf `o `rmft u`vtefu rmlr qf mlf ibfkrioifb. lkb qm`u

w`rfkriln qf ltf evttfkrny f}wn`tika+

Rmf @FEB e`nnferu lkb jlcfu llinldnf ufftln ikbielr`tu o`t RN4 lkb RN5 tfai`ku

-qmiem elk df jlwwfb r` rmf KVRU*4 enluuioielri`k). dvr kfltny lnn `o rmf ikbielr`tu

e`ftfb dy rmf @FEB ltf ik rmf FVT@URLR blrlufru+ M`qfft. rmf @FEB Tfai`kln

Wlrfkr Urlriurieu elk df f}wn`irfb r` e`kurtver ikbielr`tu r` elwrvtf rmf dfmli`vt `o

oitju tfaltbika e``wftlri`k ik ikk`lri`k+

Rmf FUW@K blrldluf wt`ibfu ovkbljfkrln tfai`kln iko`tjlri`k -KVRU 5. KVRU 4.

KVRU < lkb KVRU 7) ot`j rmf oiklniufb FUW@K 477?. rmf FV Wt`atljjf uvww`trika

lwwnifb tfufltem lkb urvbifu `k rfttir`tiln bffn`wjfkr lkb uwlriln wnlkkika r`

oleinirlrf w`niey bffn`wjfkr+ M`qfft. rmf blrl iu k`r vwblrfb lkb qf mlf

e`kuibftfb rmlr j`ur `o rmf llinldnf iko`tjlri`k iu r`` `vrblrfb r` df vufb+ @kny

rmf ikbielr`tu o`t w`rfkriln leefuuidiniry ltf dfika rlcfk ikr` e`kuibftlri`k lr

wtfufkr+

FTLQLREM uvwwnifu ufftln ikbielr`tu `k T/B lkb `rmft rfemk`n`ay ikbielr`tu+

Qminf u`jf `o rmfj elk lnu` df `drlikfb ot`j FVT@URLR. blrl `k wvdnielri`ku

e`vnb df e`jwinfb ot`j rmiu u`vtef+

Rmf Ftkur / Y`vka Fvt`wflk Ikfurjfkr J`kir`t e`krliku blrl `k lr nflur rq`

tfnflkr ltildnfu8 h`d etflri`k dy OBI lkb kvjdft `o OBI wt`hferu+ Qf ltf evttfkrny

ikfurialrika rmf w`uuidiniry `o e`kftrika rmf iko`tjlri`k r` KVRU*4 nffn `o

laatfalri`k+

Oiklnny. qf ltf e`kuibftika rmf vuf `o lti`vu `rmft biftuf blrl rmlr e`vnb wt`f

ikrftfurika ik lti`vu bijfkui`ku+ O`t f}ljwnf o`t flem KVRU*4 tfai`k. rmf kvjdft

`o ikurirvri`ku rmlr lwwflt ik Vkiftuiry wfto`tjlkef tlkcikau `t ik rmf tlkcika `o rmf

r`w ikk`lrif Fvt`wflk oitju e`vnb df vufovn+ Rmf tfuvnru `o rmf nlrfur qlf `o rmf

Fvt`wflk _lnvfu Urvby ltf lnu` o`trme`jika. lkb qf ltf fk|vitika qmfrmft rmf

biulaatfalri`k lr KVRU*4 nffn iu w`uuidnf+

6 K`r lnn bfuitfb ikbielr`tu elk df e`kurtverfb ot`j rmf blrl rmlr FVT@URLR jlcfu wvdnielnny

llinldnf+ U`jf tf|vitf leefuu r` jiet`*blrl. lkb qf mlf urltrfb rmf wt`efbvtf r` leefuu uvem blrl+

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5+4 Laatfalri`k `o blrl

@kef rmf uwfeioie ikbielr`tu rmlr oir ikr` flem wltr `o rmf otljfq`tc mlf dffk

bfeibfb vw`k. l cfy jfrm`b`n`aieln iuuvf e`keftku rmf lwwt`lem em`ufk r`

laatfalrf rmf ikbiibvln ikbielr`tu ikr` l uftifu `o e`jw`uirf ikbiefu+ Rmftf ltf

fuufkrilnny rq` dt`lb lwwt`lemfu rmlr e`vnb df o`nn`qfb8

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5+5 Jiuuika blrl lkb K`tjlniulri`k

Aifk rmlr u`jf `o rmf ltildnfu e`kuibftfb ltf ike`jwnfrf. rmftf ltf ijw`trlkr

jfrm`b`n`aieln e`kuibftlri`ku tfaltbika m`q r` bfln qirm jiuuika blrl+ Qminf rmf

blrl e`vnb df wtfufkrfb qirm alwu.? rmiu q`vnb jflk rmlr e`jw`uirf ikbiefu e`vnb

`kny df etflrfb o`t tfai`ku qirm k` jiuuika lnvfu+ Rmf lnrftklrif iu r` ijwvrf

lnvfu -@FEB. 477=). rlcika ikr` lee`vkr rmf o`nn`qika emltlerftiurieu `o rmf blrlufru8

O`t l aifk tfai`k. blrl vkllinldnf o`t l aifk yflt jiamr df llinldnf o`t

wtfi`vu yfltu+ Rmf Fvt`wflk Ikk`lri`k Ue`tfd`ltb 4779 -Fvt`wflk

E`jjiuui`k. 47

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bfilri`k `o `kf.1 qminf jik*jl} ik`nfu uvdrtlerika rmf jikijvj lnvf lkb

biibika dy rmf tlkaf `o rmf ikbielr`t lnvfu+ = Lu rmf jik*jl} rtlkuo`tjlri`k e`vnbdf biur`trfb dy f}rtfjf lnvfu `t `vrniftu. lr rmiu urlaf qf wt`w`uf vuika rmf

urlkbltbiulri`k jfrm`b+

5+2 Wtijlty Blrl E`nnferi`k lj`ka l Uvd At`vw `o Tfai`ku

Rmf niuru `o bfuitldnf ikbielr`tu wtfufkrfb ik Lwwfkbi} < miamniamr ijw`trlkr alwu ik

llinldnf ufe`kblty blrl+ U`jf `o rmfuf alwu jiamr df oinnfb rmt`vam l uwfeioielnny

bfuiakfb uvtfy bitferfb r` e`jwlkifu+ Ufftln uvem uvtfyu mlf lntflby dffk

ijwnfjfkrfb -i+f+ rmf F}fevrif @wiki`k Uvtfy `o rmf Q`tnb Fe`k`jie O`tvj). dvr

rmfy ltf vuvlnny tfwtfufkrlrif lr rmf klri`kln tlrmft rmlk rmf tfai`kln nffn+ Mfkef. l

ovtrmft urlaf `o rmf lklnyuiu fkiulafu rmf e`nnferi`k `o wtijlty blrl lj`ka l uvd*

at`vw `o Fvt`wflk tfai`ku+

L ufwltlrf dlecat`vkb wlwft rmlr qinn tfifq f}iurika uvtfyu o`t e`nnferika blrl `k

dvuikfuue`jwfririf fkit`kjfkru qinn df wtfwltfb r` ikfurialrf u`jf

jfrm`b`n`aieln iuuvfu `o wltrievnlt tfnflkef ik rmf kf}r urlaf `o rmf wt`hfer+ Ik

wltrievnlt qf miamniamr rmf o`nn`qika iuuvfu8

Tfai`k lkb envurft uwfeioie wvtw`uf8 m`q um`vnb rmf |vfuri`ku biooft ot`j rm`uf

vufb ik klri`kln*nffn f}fevrif `wiki`k uvtfyu0 Qmiem iuuvfu um`vnb df nfor

`vr. lkb qmiem lbbiri`kln iuuvfu um`vnb df f}wn`tfb0 Qmlr biooftfkefu ltf

tf|vitfb ik rmf wmtluika `o |vfuri`ku r` fkuvtf rmlr tfuw`kbfkru lkuqftu

tfonfer rmfit tfai`kln dvuikfuu fkit`kjfkr tlrmft rmlk rmf klri`kln

fkit`kjfkr0 M`q um`vnb |vfuri`ku df rlin`tfb r` elwrvtf d`rm afkftlnny

tfnflkr iko`tjlri`k lkb iko`tjlri`k `o wltrievnlt tfnflkef r` uwfeioie

envurftu0

Uljwnika8 qmlr uljwnf uixf iu tf|vitfb lr tfai`kln nffn0 Qmlr iu rmf j`ur

lwwt`wtilrf e`jw`uiri`k `o rmf uljwnf ik rftju `o uixf `o oitju. `qkftumiw `o

oitju. n`elri`k `o M\u. rmf uwfeioie wftu`k qirmik rmf oitj rltafrfb r` tfuw`kb.

1 Ir iu vufb o`t f}ljwnf ik rmf Q`tnb Ck`qnfbaf E`jwfririfkfuu Ikbf}477= -Mvaaiku fr ln. 477=) lkb rmfFvt`wflk E`jwfririfkfuu Ikbf}477?*71 -Mvaaiku lkb Blifu. 477?)+= Ir iu vufb o`t f}ljwnf ik rmf K`tbie Ikk`lri`k J`kir`t 4779 -K`tbie E`vkein `o Jikiurftu 4779).Fvt`wflk Ikk`lri`k Ue`tfd`ltb 4779 lkb Tfai`kln Ikk`lri`k Ue`tfd`ltb 4779+

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fre+0 M`q um`vnb iuuvfu `o e`jwltldiniry `o uvtfy tfuw`kufu let`uu biooftfkr

tfai`kln uljwnfu df bflnr qirm0

Ik lbbiri`k r` dtibaika enflt nijirlri`ku `k ufe`kblty blrl lr tfai`kln nffn. rmiu

uvtfy*dlufb urvby lj`ka l uvd*at`vw `o tfai`ku qinn fkldnf rmf FE@ r` bffwfk

lklnyuiu `o u`jf `o rmf u`orft luwferu `o tfai`kln dvuikfuu fkit`kjfkru -f+a+ u`eiln

elwirln)+ Rmfuf ltf wltrievnltny tfnflkr o`t vkbfturlkbika rmf tfnlri`kumiwu dfrqffk

dvuikfuu fkit`kjfkr lkb envurftu. `kf `o rmf iuuvfu miamniamrfb ik rmf kf}r Uferi`k+

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2 F]RFKUI@KU

Mlika wt`w`ufb l e`kefwrvln otljfq`tc o`t `talkiuika blrl lkb lklnyuiu `o

tfai`kln e`jwfririfkfuu lkb ufr `vr l uftifu `o e`kuibftlri`ku qirm tfaltbu

ijwnfjfkrlri`k. ik rmiu Uferi`k qf tliuf l uftifu `o w`rfkriln f}rfkui`ku o`t

biuevuui`k+ Rmfuf ltf wt`w`ufb qirm rmf uwfeioie lij `o fkuvtika rmlr rmf tfuvnrika

otljfq`tc jl}ijiufu iru vufovnkfuu o`t w`niey*jlcftu+ Tlrmft rmlk rtflrika lk

f}mlvurif ufr `o iuuvfu. rmiu iu ikrfkbfb lu l urijvnvu o`t biuevuui`k lt`vkb qmlr iu

bfuitldnf ot`j l w`niey wftuwferif+ Qf rmftfo`tf miamniamr rmtff at`vwu `o iuuvfurmlr qf e`kuibft wltrievnltny ijw`trlkr ik rmf e`krf}r `o rmf otljfq`tc rmlr mlu

dffk wt`w`ufb+

2+< Tfnflkef `o _ltildnfu lr Biooftfkr W`niey Nffnu

R` jl}ijiuf rmf tfnflkef `o rmf otljfq`tc o`t tfai`kln w`niey*jlcftu. wltrievnlt

e`keftk um`vnb df aifk r` vkbfturlkbika m`q w`niey nfftu tfnlrf r` rmf biooftfkr

ikbielr`tu+ Lu innvurtlrfb ik Oiavtf 5. FE@*II qinn wt`ibf bilak`urieu o`t Fvt`wflk

tfai`ku ik flem `o rmf ui} elrfa`tifu `o ikbielr`tu+ Rmf cfy w`ikru lr qmiem tfai`klnw`niey elk ijwler rmf w`niey*nfftu * ltf uwfeioielnny tfnlrfb r` rmf e`jwfririfkfuu

btiftu lkb rmfit tfnlri`kumiwu qirm ovkbljfkrlnu lkb ikrftjfbilrfoikln `vre`jfu+

M`qfft. n``cika bffwft lr rmf w`niey nffnu. qf fke`vkrft rmf e`jwnf} iuuvf `o rmf

tfnflkef `o biooftfkr dvuikfuu fkit`kjfkr ikbielr`tu o`t biooftfkr uelnfu `o w`niey*

jlcika+ Qminf u`jf ikbielr`tu f}midir e`kuibftldnf ltilri`k let`uu tfai`ku ik

Fvt`wf. o`t `rmft ltildnfu rmf jlik ltilri`k iu dfrqffk e`vkrtifu+ Uijinltny ik rftju

`o w`niey e`krt`n. u`jf ltildnfu ltf e`krt`nnldnf dy tfai`kln w`niey*jlcftu -`t ffk

lr rmf nffn `o eirifu). `rmftu dy klri`kln lkb Fvt`wflk w`niey*jlcftu+ L uwfeioieemlnnfkaf iu r` wtfufkr lkb lklnyuf rmiu e`jwnf}iry fooferifny+

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Oiavtf 58 W`niey Nfftu

FE@ II o`evufu wltrievnltny `k blrl e`nnferi`k ik rm`uf bijfkui`ku `o rmf dvuikfuu

fkit`kjfkr qmftf tfai`kln biooftfkefu ltf nltaf ffk qirmik l e`vkrty+ Rmfuf

biooftfkefu e`vnb df rmf tfuvnr `o biooftfkr tfai`kln w`nieifu `t `o klri`kln w`nieifu

rmlr mlf l miamny biooftfkriln ijwler let`uu tfai`ku+ @vre`jf ikbielr`tu.

ikrftjfbilrf wfto`tjlkef ikbielr`tu. lkb ikbielr`tu `o ovkbljfkrlnu ltf e`nnferfb lr

rmf tfai`kln nffn+ E`jwfririfkfuu btiftu. r``. ltf e`nnferfb lr rmiu nffn. dvr e`vnb

lnu` df e`bfb ikr` rmtff at`vwu bfwfkbika `k rmfit ltilri`k let`uu tfai`ku lkb rmf

w`niey e`krt`n tfai`ku f}ftr `ft rmfj+ Rmiu iu innvurtlrfb ik Oiavtf 2+

Rmf at`vw `o ikbielr`tu ik rmf r`w tiamr e`tkft ltf e`krt`nnfb firmft lr klri`kln `t

Fvt`wflk nffn lkb f}midir k` ltilri`k let`uu tfai`ku qirmik l aifk e`vkrty -`t

qirmik Fvt`wf ik u`jf elufu)+ O`t tfai`kln w`niey*jlcftu rmfy ltf rmftfo`tf f}rftkln

oler`tu. dvr kfftrmfnfuu ijw`trlkr e`krt`nu qirmik rmf otljfq`tc aifk rmfit

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ijwleru `k e`jwfririfkfuu lr tfai`kln nffn+ F}ljwnfu ikenvbf rmf e`jwfriri`k

w`niey `t IWT fkit`kjfkr olefb dy oitju+ J`tf`ft. qminf rmf otljfq`tc wt`w`ufbik Uferi`k 4 iu o`evuufb `k jiet`fe`k`jie e`jwfririfkfuu. rmftf iu l eluf o`t

e`kuibftika rmf ikrt`bveri`k `o u`jf cfy jlet`fe`k`jie lkb ikurirvri`kln ltildnfu

e`krt`nnfb lr klri`klnFvt`wflk nffn+

Oiavtf 28 Rmtff Elrfa`tifu o E`jwfririfkfuu Ikbielr`t

4E`wytiamr 4779. Cfrfnu/Bfnalb`/W`trft/Urftk

Rywfu o E`jwfririfkfuu Ikbielr`tu

F}ljwnf F}ljwnf

F}ljwnf K`rtfnflkr

E`krt`nnfb klri`klnny t dy FV

E`krt`nnfb tfai`klnny

Uljf let`uu tfai`kuBiooftfkr let`uu tfai`ku

Rmf nfor mlkb uibf `o rmf bilatlj e`krliku ikbielr`tu rmlr f}midir e`kuibftldnf

ltilri`k let`uu tfai`ku+ Rmf r`w nfor e`tkft tfoftu r` rm`uf qmftf rmf e`ttfuw`kbika

w`nieifu rfkb r` df klri`kln -`t ik u`jf elufu Fvt`wflk)3 o`t f}ljwnf. ikotlurtvervtfuwfkbika `t nld`vt jltcfr w`nieifu+ Rmf d`rr`j nfor e`tkft e`krliku rmf j`ur

ikrftfurika ufr `o ikbielr`tu ot`j l tfai`kln w`niey wftuwferif dfelvuf k`r `kny b`

rmfy lty let`uu tfai`ku. dvr ltf ik rmf e`krt`n `o tfai`kln w`niey*jlcftu+ O`t

f}ljwnf. ikbielr`tu tfnlrfb r` ikk`lri`k w`nieifu `t r` eftrlik rywfu `o ikfurjfkr `t

mvjlk tfu`vtefu+ Rmf uwnir `k rmf nfor mlkb uibf iu dy k` jflku urtliamro`tqltb.

m`qfft. aifk rmf lurny biooftfkr w`niey e`jwfrfkeifu lr tfai`kln nffn ik biooftfkr

e`vkrtifu+ Biooftfkrilrika rmfuf ik l jflkikaovn qly iu l cfy emlnnfkaf+

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2+4 Biooftfkriln Tfnflkef `o _ltildnfu o`t Uwfeioie Envurftu

L ufe`kb ltfl `o w`rfkriln f}rfkui`k tfoftu r` rmf lwwnielri`k `o rmf otljfq`tc r` l

j`tf uwfeioie lklnyuiu `o rmf ijw`trlkef `o biooftfkr dvuikfuu fkit`kjfkr oler`tu o`t

biooftfkr envurftu+ Uwfeioie dvuikfuu fkit`kjfkr e`kbiri`ku mlf l biooftfkr ijwler

`k biooftfkr dvuikfuufu+ Qminf u`jf loofer fuufkrilnny lnn fe`k`jie leriiry. `rmftu

mlf l jvem j`tf kltt`q ijwler `k uwfeioie envurftu+

O`t f}ljwnf qf e`vnb myw`rmfuiuf rmlr eftrlik rywfu `o nld`vt o`tef ucinnu qinn df

wltrievnltny ijw`trlkr o`t rmf bffn`wjfkr `o ck`qnfbaf*ikrfkuif envurftu ik. o`t

ikurlkef. lft`klvrieu `t niof ueifkefu+ J`tf afkftlnny. qf e`vnb ltavf rmlr urt`ka

vkiftuirifu ltf nicfny r` df j`tf ijw`trlkr o`t envurftu rmlr ltf tfufltem*nfb. `t rmlr

e`kkferiiry`wfkkfuu -r` ijjiatlri`k. o`t f}ljwnf). fkuvtika et`uu*oftriniulri`k `o

ibflu. ltf nicfny r` df wltrievnltny ijw`trlkr o`t envurftu ik etflrif ikbvurtifu+

FE@*II qinn o`t rmf afkftln lklnyuiu o`evu jlikny `k rmf afkftln dvuikfuu fkit`kjfkr

|vlniry let`uu tfai`ku+ @vt w`ikr `o bfwltrvtf o`t lklnyuika envurft uwfeilniulri`k qinn

df rmf lwwt`lem evttfkrny rlcfk qirmik rmf FE@ -uff Lwwfkbi} 2). ot`j qmiem qf qinn

q`tc qirm rmf `rmft QWu ik FE@*4 r` bffn`w j`tf t`dvur jfluvtfu o`t `vt lklnyuiu+

Ik uffcika r` wt`ibf w`niey uvww`tr let`uu jlky tfai`ku lkb envurftu. qf lnu` lij r`

wt`ibf j`tf envurft*tfnflkr dvuikfuu fkit`kjfkr blrl lu olt lu w`uuidnf+

Rmf wtijlty blrl e`nnferi`k wmluf wt`ibfu l uwfeioie `ww`trvkiry r` bffwfk rmiu

lklnyuiu lj`ka l uvd at`vw `o tfai`ku+ L uvtfy lwwt`lem qinn oleinirlrf rmf

bffn`wjfkr `o ikbielr`tu rmlr elk elwrvtf u`orft luwferu `o rmf dvuikfuu

fkit`kjfkr rmlr ltf wltrievnltny tfnflkr o`t rmf bffn`wjfkr `o eftrlik rywfu `o

envurft3 o`t f}ljwnf fnfjfkru `o rtvur lkb u`eiln elwirln+ Q`tcika qirm wltrkft

ikurirvri`ku ik rmiu uvd*at`vw `o tfai`ku jly lnu` oleinirlrf rmf ikenvui`k `o j`tf

uwfeioie ufe`kblty blrl. o`t f}ljwnf `k uwfeioie rywfu `o vkiftuiry |vlnioielri`ku+

Rmf otljfq`tc lnu` oleinirlrfu rmf w`uuidiniry `o e`kuibftika rmf ltyika ijwler `o

biooftfkr dvuikfuu fkit`kjfkr oler`tu `k `rmft cfy fe`k`jie wt`efuufu+ FE@*II mlu

lnu` dffk ikirilrfb qirm l wltrievnlt ikrftfur ik ikk`lri`k. o`t f}ljwnf+ Ikk`lri`k iu

wltr `o l uf|vfkef `o urfwu ot`j rmf ikfkri`k il ikk`lri`k r` wt`bveriiry lkb

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nlurny rmf nffn `o fe`k`jie leriiry ik l tfai`k+ Dlufb `k rmf f}iurika tfufltem ir iu l

tflu`kldnf myw`rmfuiu rmlr biooftfkr oler`tu ik rmf dvuikfuu fkit`kjfkr. oitjdfmli`vt lkb rmf uwfeilniulri`k wt`oinf `o tfai`ku qinn mlf biooftfkr qfiamru let`uu

rmfuf urfwu -uff oiavtf 6)+ FE@*II qinn mfkef `ooft l otljfq`tc lkb blrl r` dfaik r`

lklnyuf rmfuf biooftfkriln tfnlri`kumiwu ik rmf Fvt`wflk e`krf}r+

Oiavtf 68 _ltilri`k ik rmf Ijwleru o Oler`tu k @vre`jfu

Oitju

-Dfmli`vt)

Uwfeilnixlri`k

-Envurftu)

DvuikfuuFkit`kjfkr

-\vlniry)

Ikfkri`k Ikk`lri`k Wt`bveriiry Leriiry

Mftflnu`dvddnfu`obiooftfkruixfr`ikbielrfrmlrrmfqfiamr`ouwfeioieoler`tu

biooftubfwfkbika`krmfrywf`o`vrwvrqfn``clr

Oler`tu

2+5 Dfkemjltcika Tfai`ku

L rmitb f}rfkui`k rmlr jly df `o ikrftfur r` tfai`kln w`niey*jlcftu tfnlrfu r` rmf

iuuvf `o dfkemjltcika. lkb ik wltrievnlt qm` r` dfkemjltc lalikur+ Nirftlrvtf `k

tfai`kln uyurfju `o ikk`lri`k. o`t f}ljwnf. iu enflt rmlr `kf uixf b`fukr oir lnn

-Rbrnika y Rtiwwn. 47763 Klvqfnlftu y Tfib. 4774)+ Ik rmiu ufkuf tfai`kln w`nieifu

um`vnb tfuw`kb r` tfai`klnny*uwfeioie urtlrfaifu8 wvtuvika rmf bffn`wjfkr `o

vki|vf urtfkarmu ik cfy oler`tu `o e`jwfririfkfuu -urtlrfaie w`uiri`kika)3 ln`kauibf

l`ibika rmlr `rmft oler`tu `o e`jwfririfkfuu ltf r`` qflc tfnlrif r` e`jwfrir`t

tfai`ku -`wftlrif fooieifkey) -W`trft.

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Rmiu iu qmftf dfkemjltcika elk wnly l cfy t`nf ik uvww`trika w`niey. lkb rmftf mludffk lk ijw`trlkr f`nvri`k ik dfkemjltcika r`qltbu ikrfnniafkr `t uyurfjie

o`tju rmlr e`kuibft e`krf}r lu efkrtln lkb fjwmluiuf w`niey nfltkika -Klvqfnlftu fr

ln+. 47753 Wllui. 47763 Wlwwli`lkk`v fr ln+. 477?3 Mvaaiku. 477=)+ Qminf rmf FE@ liju

r` wt`ibf rmf blrl r` dfkemjltc e`jwfririfkfuu btiftu lkb wfto`tjlkef lalikur

lnn `rmft KVRU*4 tfai`ku. FE@*II e`vnb lnu` wt`ibf l e`jwnfjfkrlty r``n rmlr q`vnb

mfnw w`niey*jlcftu ibfkrioy urtvervtlnny uijinlt tfai`ku o`t e`jwltiu`k+

Rmf ufnferi`k `o tfai`ku qirm qmiem r` dfkemjltc e`vnb tfuw`kb r` biooftfkr etirftil8

kfiamd`vtika tfai`ku3 tfai`ku qirm urt`ka wfto`tjlkef3 tfai`ku qirm uijinltovkbljfkrln emltlerftiurieu3 e`jwfrir`t tfai`ku3 fre++ Qf wt`w`uf l o`evu `k tfai`ku

rmlr ltf uijinlt ik rftju `o ovkbljfkrln emltlerftiurieu lkb rmftfo`tf vkbftnyika

e`jwfririfkfuu emlnnfkafu+ Ik b`ika u` qf ltf uffcika r` l`ib e`jwltika. o`t

f}ljwnf. l elwirln tfai`k ik rmf efkrtf `o Fvt`wf qirm l wftiwmftln tvtln tfai`k+ Rldnf

4 uvjjltiufu rmf rywfu `o ovkbljfkrln emltlerftiurieu `rmft lvrm`tu mlf vufb+

Rldnf 58 Tfifq o Nirftlrvtf k Ufnferi`k o Dfkemjltcika At`vwu

Lvrm`t-u) Cfy Emltlerftiurieu IbfkrioifbLcftdn`j fr ln+ -477=) Ikbvurtiln urtvervtfLkbftuu`k y Jlmt`vj -477=) Fe`k`jie urtvervtf3 ikurirvri`kln otljfq`tcLtvkbfn y M`nnlkbftu -477=) Tfnlrif ikk`lri`k wlrrftkuLtemidvai y E`e` -4772) Af`atlwmy3 evnrvtf3 fe`k`jie oler`tuLtemidvai fr ln+ -4779) Uixf3 ike`jf3 ikotlurtvervtfu3 mvjlk elwirlnLrciku`k y Lkbfu -477=) Ikbvurtiln urtvervtfDlnxlr -477?) U`eiln lnvfu3 w`nirieln `dhferifu3 fe`k`jie bffn`wjfkrOlaftdfta fr ln+ -4771)Olaftdfta y Utm`nfe -477=)

Af`atlwmy3 bfj`atlwmy3 klrvtln tfu`vtefu3 miur`ty

H`k Lblju Ikk`lri`k Ikurirvrf-4779) Urtvervtf `o envurftu

Nlnn -477

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@o rmf emltlerftiurieu niurfb ik Rldnf 5. rmftf ltf u`jf o`t qmiem ir iu f}rtfjfnybiooievnr r` `drlik lwwt`wtilrf tfai`kln ikbielr`tu -o`t f}ljwnf evnrvtln. miur`tieln lkb

w`niey*tfnlrfb oler`tu)+ @k rmf `rmft mlkb. ikbielr`tu o`t ovkbljfkrln luwferu uvem lu

uixf `o fe`k`jy -ABW. w`wvnlri`k). `wfkkfuu `t leefuuidiniry. lkb bfj`atlwmy

-w`wvnlri`k bfkuiry) ltf w`uuidnf r` drlik lr tfai`kln nffn -KVRU*II)+ Rmfuf tfnlrf r`

rmf ovkbljfkrlnu ik `vt e`kefwrvln otljfq`tc. lkb ltf rmf dluf lt`vkb qmiem qf

wt`w`uf l r``n r` ibfkrioy urtvervtlnny uijinlt tfai`ku o`t dfkemjltcika `o `rmft

luwferu ik rmf otljfq`tc+ Lu iu enflt ot`j rmf ld`f nirftlrvtf tfifq. rmftf iu lnu`

urt`ka e`kufkuvu `k rmf kffb r` ikenvbf l jfluvtf `o

ikbvurtilnfe`k`jierfemk`n`aieln urtvervtf+ Rmiu ijwnifu rmlr qf um`vnb ikenvbf

d`rm rmf ovkbljfkrlnu lkb uwfeilniulri`k d`}fu `o `vt otljfq`tc ik l wtfnijiklty

ibfkrioielri`k `o en`ufkfuu `o tfai`ku -uff Oiavtf 2)+

Oiavtf 28 Ibfkrioyika En`uf Tfai`ku o`t Dfkemjltcika ik vt Wt`w`ufb Otljfq`tc

Oitju

-Dfmli`vt)

Uwfeilnixlri`k

-Envurftu)

Dvuikfuu

Fkit`kjfkr

-\vlniry)

Ikrftjfbilrf

Wfto`tjlkefIkbielr`tu

@vre`jfIkbielr`tu

Ovkbljfkrlnu

-N`elri`k.Klrvtlntfu`vtefu.Miur`ty)

R``nr`

ibfkrioy

`rmft

tfai`kurmlr

ltf

urtvervtlnny

en`ufr`

flemtfai`k

45

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6 E@KENVBIKA E@JJFKRU

Rmf lij `o rmiu w`uiri`k wlwft iu r` urijvnlrf biuevuui`k bvtika rmf q`tcum`w

R`j`tt`qu Ikk`lrif Ikbvurtifu8 Tfai`kln lkb Klri`kln Uwfeilniulri`k Wlrrftku lkb rmf

T`nf o rmf Tfai`kln Dvuikfuu Fkit`kjfkr. r` df mfnb ik Dtvuufnu ik Jly 47

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? TFOFTFKEFU

Liaikaft. C+ -fb+) -477?)+ Tfiuirika lk Fluif E`kefwr. uwfeiln iuuvf `o rmf H`vtkln `o Ikbvurty.E`jwfriri`k lkb Rtlbf. _`nvjf ?+

Lcftdn`j. J+. Dn`em. E. O`yk. O. Nfwwnlmri. L+. J`trfkuufk. W+. Jlkuu`k. M. Kinuu`k. T+. Klu. U+*@+.Wfrrftu`k. I+ y Ulnrf. -477=)+ W`niey Tfnflkr K`tbie Ikk`lri`k Ikbielr`tu+ KIKB wt`hfer+

Lkbftuu`k. R+. Uemqlaa Uftaft. U+. Utic. H+ lkb Qiuf Mlkuu`k. F+ -4772). Rmf Envurft W`nieifu Qmirfd``c.Ikrftklri`kln @talkiulri`k o`t Ck`qnfbaf Fe`k`jy lkb Fkrftwtiuf Bffn`wjfkr. qqq+icfb+`ta+

Lkbftuu`k. R+ y Jlmt`vj. U+ -477=)+ W`niey Tfnflkr K`tbie Ikk`lri`k Ikbielr`tu+ @dhfrifu lkbTlri`klnfu ik K`tbie lkb Fvt`wflk Ikk`lri`k W`nieifu+ KIKB wt`hfer+

Ltvkbfn. L+ y M`nnlkbftu. M+ -477=)+ Ikk`lri`k ue`tfd`ltbu8 ikbielr`tu lkb w`niey vuf -49*64)+ FkKlvqfnlftu y Qikrhfu. T+ Ikk`lri`k W`niey ik Fvt`wf+ Emfnrfkmlj8 Fbqltb Fnalt+

Ltemidvai. B+ y E`e`. L+ -4772)+ L Kfq Ikbielr`t `o Rfemk`n`aieln Elwldinirifu o`t Bffn`wfb lkbBffn`wika E`vkrtifu -Lte`)+ Q`tnb Bffn`wjfkr_`n+ 54 -2)8 ?49*?62+

Ltemidvai. B+. Bfkki. J+ y Oiniwwfrri. L+ -4779)+ Rmf rfemk`n`aieln elwldinirifu `o klri`ku8 Rmf urlrf `o rmfltr `o uykrmfrie ikbielr`tu+ Rfemk`n`aieln O`tfelurika lkb U`eiln Emlkaf _`n+ 1?8 9

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4?

Nlnn. U+ -477

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41

LWWFKBI]

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4=

W@RFKRILN IKRFTJFBILRF WFTO@TJLKEF IKBIELR@TU

IKBIELR@T HVURIOIELRI@K L_LINLDINIRY

Wlrfkru Ikk`lri`k wfto`tjlkef Lntflby mlf FVT

Miam*rfem wlrfkru Ikk`lri`k wfto`tjlkef ik miam*rfemk`n`ay Lntflby mlf FVT

Wt`bveriiry Fooieifkey wfto`tjlkef Lntflby mlf FVT

N`eln vkir wnlkr kfr at`qrm tlrf Wfto`tjlkef ik afkftlrika kfq fe`k`jie leriiry Lntflby mlf FVT

Fjwn`yjfkr tlrf dy afkbft

-nffn lkb at`qrm)

Fjwn`yjfkr wfto`tjlkef Lntflby mlf FVT

Miam lkb jfbivj*miam rfemk`n`ayjlkvolervtika fjwn`yjfkr

-& o r`rln fjwn`yjfkr)

Fjwn`yjfkr wfto`tjlkef ik miamft lbbfb*lnvfleriirifu I Lntflby mlf FVT

Ck`qnfbaf ikrfkuif uftiefu fjwn`yjfkr

-& o r`rln fjwn`yjfkr)

Fjwn`yjfkr wfto`tjlkef ik miamft lbbfb*lnvfleriirifu II

Lntflby mlf FVT

Vkir Nld`vt E`uru Nld`vt8 Elwrvtfu rmf afkftln e`ur `o nld`vt olefbdy oitju

Lntflby mlf FVT

Kvjdft o FV r`w*

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