Honors Lab at 2:35 pm today

Chemistry lshsBenchmark 1 Review

• Alkali Metals• 1• Alkaline Earth Metals• 2• Groups 13 – 16 • 3, 4, 5 and 6• Halogens• 7• Noble Gases• 8 (except He has 2)

How many valence electrons in the families?

• Where are the anions on the periodic table?• Nonmetals (right side of metalloids)• Where are the cations on the periodic table?• Metals (left side of metalloids)

Anions and Cations

• Atomic Radii down a group• Increases• Atomic Radii across a period• Decreases• Largest Atoms are found in….• The lower left hand corner of the periodic table

Periodic trends – Atomic Size

• Ionization Energy down a group• Decreases• Ionization Energy across a period• Increases• Largest Ionization energy is found in….• The upper right hand corner of the periodic table

Periodic Trends – Ionization energy

• Electronegativity down a group• Decreases• Electronegativity across a period• Increases• Largest electronegativity is found in….• The upper right hand corner of the periodic table• Element with the Highest electronegativity• F

Periodic Trends – electronegativity

• Reacts with water• Forms +1 cations• 1 valence electron• Highly reactive • Family with largest atomic radii• Family with lowest ionization energy and electronegativity

Family Characteristics - Alkali Metals

• Forms +2 cations• 2 valence electrons• Highly reactive • Family with 2nd largest atomic radii• Family with 2nd lowest ionization energy and

electronegativity

Family Characteristics – Alkaline earth metals

• Form -1 anions• 7 valence electron• Family with 2nd smallest atomic radii• Highest electronegativity,• All halogens exist as diatomic molecules• F2, Cl2, Br2, I2, At2

Family Characteristics – halogens

• Do not form ions• 8 valence electrons except He• Family with smallest atomic radii• No Electronegativity• High Ionization Energy• All gases• Inert

Family Characteristics – Noble gases

• Name the blocks on the periodic table

Electron Configuration

• Draw the Bohr Diagram for Mg

Bohr Diagram

• How many protons? Neutrons? Electrons?• 56, 80 and 56• How many valence electrons?• 2• What is the electron configuration? • 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s24d105p66s2

Atomic structure

Alpha Decay:

Loss of an -particle (a helium nucleus)

He42

U238

92 U234

90 He42+

Beta Decay:

Loss of a -particle (a high energy electron)

0

−1 e0

−1or

I131

53 Xe131

54 + e0

−1