BellworkBellwork

Write down at least 5 Write down at least 5 conditions/diseases using the word conditions/diseases using the word roots, prefixes, and suffixes you roots, prefixes, and suffixes you learned last week.learned last week. e.g. Osteo + oma= Osteomae.g. Osteo + oma= Osteoma

Don’t use OsteomaDon’t use Osteoma

Vocabulary Vocabulary Hyperbole (n)- an exaggerated statement done for an effectHyperbole (n)- an exaggerated statement done for an effect Complacent (adj) {Complacency (n)}- when one becomes self-satisfied Complacent (adj) {Complacency (n)}- when one becomes self-satisfied

and unconcerned, regardless of the dangers around; laziness about your and unconcerned, regardless of the dangers around; laziness about your positionposition

Sadist (n) {Sadistic or Sadism}- someone who receives sexual Sadist (n) {Sadistic or Sadism}- someone who receives sexual gratification by giving pain to anothergratification by giving pain to another

Masochist (n) {Masochistic or Masochism}- someone who receives sexual Masochist (n) {Masochistic or Masochism}- someone who receives sexual gratification by giving him/herself paingratification by giving him/herself pain

Sanctimonious (adj)- pretending to be holy or pious when you are not; Sanctimonious (adj)- pretending to be holy or pious when you are not; hypocritehypocrite

Catharsis (n) {Cathartic (adj)}- a release of any type of pent-up emotions Catharsis (n) {Cathartic (adj)}- a release of any type of pent-up emotions (anger, sadness, pain) resulting in feeling better.(anger, sadness, pain) resulting in feeling better.

Incredulous (adj)- skeptical; unable to believe something that is offered Incredulous (adj)- skeptical; unable to believe something that is offered as true.as true.

Cipher (n)- a nobody, a non-entityCipher (n)- a nobody, a non-entity Quid pro quo (Latin)- one service in exchange for another (i.e. tick for Quid pro quo (Latin)- one service in exchange for another (i.e. tick for

tack or I scratch your back….)tack or I scratch your back….)

Regions of BodyRegions of Body Tarsal= AnkleTarsal= Ankle Plantar= Bottom of FootPlantar= Bottom of Foot Brachial= Upper ArmBrachial= Upper Arm Calcaneal=HeelCalcaneal=Heel Antebrachial= ForearmAntebrachial= Forearm Carpal=WristCarpal=Wrist Coxal= HipCoxal= Hip Femoral= ThighFemoral= Thigh Patellar= Anterior KneecapPatellar= Anterior Kneecap Popliteal= Posterior KneecapPopliteal= Posterior Kneecap Crural= Anterior Lower LegCrural= Anterior Lower Leg Sural= Posterior Lower LegSural= Posterior Lower Leg Fibular= Lateral Lower LegFibular= Lateral Lower Leg Acromial= Top of ShoulderAcromial= Top of Shoulder Digital= Fingers and ToesDigital= Fingers and Toes Deltoid= Lateral ShoulderDeltoid= Lateral Shoulder Pubic= GenitaliaPubic= Genitalia

Occipital= Back of HeadOccipital= Back of Head Sternal= Anterior ChestSternal= Anterior Chest Cervical= NeckCervical= Neck Scapular= Shoulder BladeScapular= Shoulder Blade Vertebral= SpineVertebral= Spine Lumbar= Lower BackLumbar= Lower Back Gluteal= ButtocksGluteal= Buttocks Frontal = ForeheadFrontal = Forehead Orbital= EyesOrbital= Eyes Nasal= NoseNasal= Nose Oral= MouthOral= Mouth Thoracic= Whole ChestThoracic= Whole Chest Cephalic= HeadCephalic= Head Axillary= ArmpitAxillary= Armpit Abdominal= AbdomenAbdominal= Abdomen Umbilical= Belly ButtonUmbilical= Belly Button Pelvic= Region below belly buttonPelvic= Region below belly button Inguinal= Crack b/t abdomen and Inguinal= Crack b/t abdomen and

hiphip

Anatomical Positions, Body Anatomical Positions, Body Planes, and Directional Planes, and Directional

TermsTerms

Anatomical PairsAnatomical Pairs

There are 4 sets of anatomical pairs There are 4 sets of anatomical pairs (8 terms)(8 terms)

These terms may be used alone or These terms may be used alone or with their pair to describe its with their pair to describe its relative locationrelative location

1. Anterior/Posterior1. Anterior/Posterior

Anterior means the front aspect of an itemAnterior means the front aspect of an item The face is the anterior aspect of the headThe face is the anterior aspect of the head The hood is the anterior aspect of a carThe hood is the anterior aspect of a car

Posterior means the back aspect of an itemPosterior means the back aspect of an item The spine is the posterior aspect of the bodyThe spine is the posterior aspect of the body The trunk is the posterior part of a carThe trunk is the posterior part of a car

You can use anterior/posterior to compare two You can use anterior/posterior to compare two items on the bodyitems on the body

e.g. The belly button is anterior to the spinee.g. The belly button is anterior to the spine e.g. The back of the head is posterior to the nosee.g. The back of the head is posterior to the nose Anterior/Posterior may be used anywhere in body.Anterior/Posterior may be used anywhere in body.

2. Superior/Inferior2. Superior/Inferior Superior means the higher part of somethingSuperior means the higher part of something

The scalp is the superior part of the headThe scalp is the superior part of the head The roof is the superior part of a houseThe roof is the superior part of a house

Inferior means the lower part of somethingInferior means the lower part of something The floor is the inferior part of a houseThe floor is the inferior part of a house

Inferior/Superior may be used together to Inferior/Superior may be used together to compare the location of an organ.compare the location of an organ.

The nose is superior to the mouthThe nose is superior to the mouth The genitalia is inferior to the lungsThe genitalia is inferior to the lungs

Superior/Inferior should only be used in the Superior/Inferior should only be used in the head and trunk of the bodyhead and trunk of the body

Not in the arms and legs (extremities)Not in the arms and legs (extremities)

3. Proximal/Distal3. Proximal/Distal Proximal means closer to the trunk of bodyProximal means closer to the trunk of body

The hip is the proximal part of the thighThe hip is the proximal part of the thigh The shoulders is the proximal part of the armThe shoulders is the proximal part of the arm

Distal means farther from the trunk of bodyDistal means farther from the trunk of body The ankle is the distal part of the legThe ankle is the distal part of the leg The fingers are the distal part of the legThe fingers are the distal part of the leg

Proximal/Distal may be used to compare two Proximal/Distal may be used to compare two areas of the bodyareas of the body

The shoulder is proximal to the elbowThe shoulder is proximal to the elbow The Elbow is proximal to the FingersThe Elbow is proximal to the Fingers The foot is distal to the kneeThe foot is distal to the knee The fingers are distal to the shoulderThe fingers are distal to the shoulder

Applies only to upper and lower extremities (arms Applies only to upper and lower extremities (arms and legs)and legs)

4. Medial/Lateral4. Medial/Lateral Medial means closer to the midline of the Medial means closer to the midline of the

body, or the inner part of somethingbody, or the inner part of something Lateral means farther from the midline of Lateral means farther from the midline of

the body, or the outer part of somethingthe body, or the outer part of something These, too, may be used to compare two These, too, may be used to compare two

items on the bodyitems on the body The The rightright ear is distal (“farther from midline”) to ear is distal (“farther from midline”) to

the the right right nostrilnostril The The leftleft breast is proximal to the breast is proximal to the leftleft shoulder shoulder Medial/Lateral is only used on two body parts on Medial/Lateral is only used on two body parts on

the same side of the bodythe same side of the body You would never say “the left ear is lateral to You would never say “the left ear is lateral to

right eye”right eye”

Anatomical PositionAnatomical Position

Anatomical PositionAnatomical Position is the is the body posture used to body posture used to compare anatomical parts in compare anatomical parts in relation to each other.relation to each other.

In this position the person In this position the person faces forward, arms to the faces forward, arms to the side, palms facing forward, side, palms facing forward, toes straight ahead.toes straight ahead.

No matter how the patient is No matter how the patient is actually placed, the position actually placed, the position and relationship of and relationship of structures is described as if structures is described as if patient is still in anatomical patient is still in anatomical position.position.

Rule of Thumb: Always look Rule of Thumb: Always look down on your own body down on your own body when noting the location of when noting the location of an organ, not at me or what an organ, not at me or what is on the screen.is on the screen.

ExerciseExercise

Think of your own anatomical Think of your own anatomical relationrelation

Body CavitiesBody Cavities

Body CavitiesBody Cavities

The body has 2 main The body has 2 main cavitiescavities 1) Ventral 1) Ventral

Ventral=AnteriorVentral=Anterior 2) Dorsal 2) Dorsal

Dorsal= Posterior or BackDorsal= Posterior or Back

Ventral CavityVentral Cavity The ventral cavity is The ventral cavity is

on the anterior aspect on the anterior aspect of the bodyof the body

It is one large cavity It is one large cavity but normally is divided but normally is divided into two sectionsinto two sections 1) Thorax1) Thorax

This includes all the This includes all the organs superior to the organs superior to the diaphragm diaphragm

Heart, Lungs, Major Heart, Lungs, Major Blood Vessels Blood Vessels (Mediastinum)(Mediastinum)

Ventral Cavity (cont)Ventral Cavity (cont) 2) The 22) The 2ndnd section of the section of the

Ventral Cavity is the Ventral Cavity is the AbdomenAbdomen The abdomen contains all The abdomen contains all

organs inferior to organs inferior to diaphragmdiaphragm

Includes liver, Stomach, Includes liver, Stomach, Gallbladder, Spleen, Gallbladder, Spleen, Small and Large Small and Large Intestines, Bladder, Intestines, Bladder, UterusUterus

The diaphragm, a thin The diaphragm, a thin muscle used for muscle used for breathing, separates the breathing, separates the thorax from the abdomen.thorax from the abdomen.

Dorsal CavityDorsal Cavity

Dorsal CavityDorsal Cavity The dorsal cavity is The dorsal cavity is

on the posterior on the posterior part of the bodypart of the body

It is the long, thin It is the long, thin cavity that contains cavity that contains Brain and Spinal Brain and Spinal CordCord

““Dorsal” means Dorsal” means backback

Chest X-RayChest X-Ray

Lateral View of ThoraxLateral View of Thorax

Abdominal Cavity Abdominal Cavity (Lateral View)(Lateral View)

Abdominal OrgansAbdominal Organs

Organs in which Organs in which quadrants?quadrants?

Think of anatomical positionThink of anatomical position LiverLiver

Rt Upper QuadrantRt Upper Quadrant GallbladderGallbladder

Rt Upper QuadrantRt Upper Quadrant It is inferior to the liverIt is inferior to the liver Liver/Gall Bladder end in “r”. “R” Liver/Gall Bladder end in “r”. “R”

means right.means right. StomachStomach

Lt Upper QuadrantLt Upper Quadrant AppendixAppendix

Rt Lower QuadrantRt Lower Quadrant Small and Large Intestines?Small and Large Intestines?

All Quadrants!! They are 18-20 All Quadrants!! They are 18-20 feet long!feet long!

Body PlanesBody Planes The human body is The human body is

cut into 3 main cut into 3 main planes to identify planes to identify different sections of different sections of the body.the body. Transverse Line:Transverse Line:

Cut at waist separates Cut at waist separates body into body into Superior Superior and Inferiorand Inferior SectionsSections

Midsagittal LineMidsagittal Line: : Cut at midline of body Cut at midline of body to separate body into to separate body into right & leftright & left halves. halves.

Body PlanesBody Planes

Coronal LineCoronal Line: Cut : Cut body at midcoronal body at midcoronal line to separate line to separate body into body into anterior anterior and posteriorand posterior sections.sections.

Directional TermsDirectional Terms 1.1.

Abduct-Abduct-Move away Move away from midlinefrom midline

AdductAdduct-Move back -Move back to midline of bodyto midline of body

ProneProne-Lie on your -Lie on your bellybelly

SupineSupine-Lie on your -Lie on your backback

2. 2. FlexionFlexion-Decreases -Decreases

angle b/t two partsangle b/t two parts ExtensionExtension--

Increases the angle Increases the angle b/t two partsb/t two parts

Inversion-Inversion- Turn Turn foot toward the foot toward the midline (sagittal) of midline (sagittal) of bodybody

Eversion-Eversion-Turn foot Turn foot away from midlineaway from midline

Index CardsIndex Cards Transverse LineTransverse Line Midsagittal LineMidsagittal Line MidCoronal LineMidCoronal Line Abduct/adductAbduct/adduct Flex/extensionFlex/extension Supine/proneSupine/prone Eversion/inversionEversion/inversion Quadrants of liver, Quadrants of liver,

gall bladder, stomach, gall bladder, stomach, appendixappendix

LocateLocate Ventral CavityVentral Cavity

Thoracic CavityThoracic Cavity Abdominal CavityAbdominal Cavity

Dorsal CavityDorsal Cavity DiaphragmDiaphragm

Describe what is the Describe what is the anatomical positionanatomical position

Provide anatomical Provide anatomical relations (e.g. sup/inf, relations (e.g. sup/inf, ant/post, etc)ant/post, etc)