Bellwork What is one similarity between

prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

1

2

The Organelles!

3

Cell MembraneDescription:Has 2 layers of MOLECULES and is known as a phospholipid bilayer. Proteins are stuck inside the membrane. Each phospholipid has a HYDROPHOBIC (water fearing) and HYDROPHILIC (water loving) end.

4

CELL MEMBRANE

Functions:holds the cell together, keeps all of the pieces (the organelles) inside the cell

controls what goes in and out of the cell

Found in animal and plant cells

5

CYTOSKELETON Functions include:

movement of material through the cell

maintaining the shape of the cell keeping the cell from getting

smashed Found in animal cells only

6

Cell Wall

Function: Barrier that provides support and protects plant cells

Found in plants

7

8

NucleusDescription: large, round organelle in the center of the cell. Chromosomes are found inside.Functions:“brain” of the cell, controls all of the cellular activitiesDNA inside-carries genetic info. for maintenance, function, and replicationFound in animal and plant cells

9

CHROMOSOMES-

carry the information that determines what traits a living thing will have

are found inside the nucleus

Nucleus

10

11

•Function: they help to form the fibers that move chromosomes around when the cell is dividing

•generally appear in animal cells

Centrioles:

12

NUCLEOLUSDescription:

dark area in the nucleus

Function: Contains RNA for protein manufacturingFound in plant and animal cells

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Description: Tubular with ribosomes on it (looks spotted)

Function: to make membranes and proteins

Found in animal and plant cells

13

14

Smooth ER

Function-collect, maintain & transport things. Creates steroids (lipids), and stores ions for the cell to keep nutrients balanced Description: Shaped slightly tubular

Found in animal and plant cells

15

16

•Description: small dot-like structures in cells. Made up of proteins and RNA. Two types: floating and attached.

•Function: site of protein synthesis in cells (makes proteins). Made in the nucleus. Floating make proteins for the cytoplasm, attached make proteins used in rough ER.

Found in animal and plant cells

Ribosomes

GOLGI APPARATUS

1) Functions: It takes simple molecules and combines them to make larger molecules.

It modifies, sorts and packages molecules

•Description: It’s made up of a stack of flattened out sacs

Found in animal and plant cells

18

Golgi apparatus

19

Mitochondria

Description: OUTER MEMBRANE: covers mitochondria

INNER MEMBRANE: folds many times to increase the surface area-more space it has, the more energy it creates.

20

Description: MATRIX: a fluid that has water and proteins mixed together

21

Mitochondria

Functions: The Power-House of the cell (makes ATP). They break down food molecules so the cell has the energy

Found in both animal and plant cells

LYSOSOMES (primarily animal)

Smaller molecules are released; get absorbed by the mitochondria

22

Functions: The enzymes in the lysosome bond to food & digest it. It breaks down organelles that don’t work or are damaged, and can destroy the cell if it breaks open.

LYSOSOMES

23

VACUOLE: STORAGE IN PLANT CELLS

Functions: Vacuoles in plants support structure, stores waste, water and food. Storing waste products protects the cell from contamination

When there is no water, the vacuole shrinks. Found in animal and plant cells-more important to plant than animal cells

24

25

Chloroplast

26

Description: disk-like structures, and are composed of a single membrane

Found only in plant cells

Chloroplast

27

Chloroplast•Function: photosynthesis takes place inside

the chloroplast:the process in it captures sunlight, water, carbon dioxide to make sugar (food)

28

**The vesicle can move to the Golgi apparatus or the cell membrane

1) If the vesicle floats to the cell membrane, the proteins are going to be sent out of the cell……or (exocytosis)

2) If they move to the Golgi Apparatus, the proteins will be used inside the cell

MOVEMENT of VESICLES

Flagella

Has a tail-like structure Aids in locomotion and feeding Found in some animal cells, prokaryotes

and plant cells

29

Cilia

Used to sweep substances across surfaces

Hair-like projections Found in some animal cells, protist cells,

and prokaryotes

30

31

The release of intracellular molecules (hormones or proteins)

EXOCYTOSIS-

32

Turgor Pressure- force exerted by the water entering (osmosis) the vacuole, which then swells exerting internal force on the cell wall