Bellwork Open your notebook to the bellwork section, What is the first thing that comes to mind when you think of the following terms: –Astronomy –Chemistry

Bellwork• Open your notebook to the bellwork

section,• What is the first thing that comes to mind

when you think of the following terms:– Astronomy– Chemistry– Physics– Biology

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CHAMPS• C-Conversation- NO

• H-Help- Raise your hand

• A- Activity- We are taking notes

• M- No movement

• P- sit quietly, eyes on paper, teacher or board. Writing

• S- signal

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Study of Biology

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What is Biology?•Biology is the study of all living things.

•Bio-life•Logy-study of• Living things are called organisms

• Organisms include bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, & animals


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All Organisms are made of Cells


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Basic Structure of a Cell


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Cell Size and TypesCell Size and Types• Cells, the basic units of organisms,

can only be observed under microscope

• Three Basic types of cells include:

Animal Cell Plant CellBacterial

Cellcopyright cmassengale

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Prokaryote Vs. EukaryoteProkaryote Vs. Eukaryote• Prokaryote (Unicellular) –

composed of one cell ex. bacteria

• Eukaryote (Multi cellular)- composed of many cells ex. Animal cell and plant cell


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Two Main Types of Eukaryotic Cells

Plant Cell

Animal Cell


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OrganellesOrganelles

•Very small (Microscopic)•Perform various functions for

a cell•Found in the cytoplasm•May or may not be

membrane-bound


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Animal Cell OrganellesAnimal Cell Organelles

NucleolusNucleus

Nuclear envelope

Ribosome (attached)Ribosome (free)

Cell Membrane

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus

Mitochondrion

Smooth endoplasmicreticulum

Centrioles


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Cell or Plasma Membrane Cell or Plasma Membrane (Honors)(Honors)

Outsideof cell

Insideof cell(cytoplasm)

Cellmembrane

Proteins

Proteinchannel Lipid bilayer

Carbohydratechains

• Surrounds outside of ALL cells

• Controls what enters or leaves the cell


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•Jelly-like substance enclosed by cell membrane

Cytoplasm of a Cytoplasm of a Cell Cell

cytoplasm


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•Controls the normal activities of the cell

•Contains the DNA in chromosomes

•Bounded by a nuclear envelope (membrane) with pores

•Usually the largest organelle

The Control Organelle - The Control Organelle - NucleusNucleus


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Nuclear EnvelopeNuclear Envelope

• Double membrane surrounding nucleus

• Also called nuclear membrane

Nuclear pores


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Inside the Nucleus -The genetic material (DNA) is

found


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What Does DNA do?What Does DNA do?DNA is the hereditary

material of the cell


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Nucleolus

• Inside nucleusInside nucleus• Directs the Directs the

nucleus. nucleus.


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MitochondrionMitochondrion(plural = mitochondria)(plural = mitochondria)

• “Powerhouse” of the cell

• Generate cellular energy (ATP)

• More active cells like muscle cells have MORE mitochondria


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Interesting Fact ---Interesting Fact ---

• Mitochondria Come from cytoplasm in the EGG cell during fertilization

Therefore …• You inherit your

mitochondria from your mother!copyright cmassengale

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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)(Rough ER)

• Has ribosomes on its surface

• Makes membrane proteins and proteins for EXPORT out of cell


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Smooth Endoplasmic Smooth Endoplasmic ReticulumReticulum

• Smooth ER lacks ribosomes on its surface

• Is attached to the ends of rough ER

• Makes cell products that are USED INSIDE the cell


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Ribosomes are made of Ribosomes are made of proteinsproteins

Can be attached to Rough ER

OR

Be free (unattached

) in the cytoplasm


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Golgi BodiesGolgi BodiesLook like a stack of pancakes

Modify, sort, & packagemolecules from ERfor storage OR transport out of cell


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Golgi AnimationGolgi Animation

Materials are transported from Rough ER to Golgi to the cell membrane by

VESICLEScopyright cmassengale

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LysosomesLysosomes• Contain Contain digestive digestive

enzymesenzymes

• digestdigest the food & get ridrid of wastesof wastes


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Lysosome DigestionLysosome Digestion

• Cells take in food by phagocytosis

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Cilia & Flagella- Locomotion Cilia & Flagella- Locomotion (movement)(movement)

• Cilia are shorter and more numerous on cells

• Flagella are longer and fewer


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VacuolesVacuoles• Fluid filled sacks for

storage


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Cell SizeQuestion:

Are the cells in an elephant bigger, smaller, or about the same size as those in a mouse?


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Cell SizeQuestion:

Are the cells in an elephant bigger, smaller, or about the same size as those in a mouse?

About the same size, but …

The elephant has MANY MORE cells than a mouse!


Documents

Bellwork Open your notebook to the bellwork section, What is the first thing that comes to mind when you think of the following terms: –Astronomy –Chemistry