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Bellwork: Copy the vocabulary.
Arthr- joint
Burs- sac
Carp- wrist
Chondr- cartilage
Costo- ribs
Duc- move
Flex- bend
Meta- beyond
Myelo- bone marrow
Osteo- bone
Peri- around
Pod- foot
Poro- pores in the bone
Tars- ankle
Thorac- chest
The
Skeletal
System
Standards
8) Outline basic concepts of normal
structure and function of all body systems,
and explain how homeostasis is
maintained.
(Our focus is on the skeletal system)
Objectives
Students will describe the function of
the skeletal system.
Students will name and locate the
bones of the skeleton.
Students will analyze bones used
when engaging in different actions.
Functions of the Skeletal System
Support
Structural support
Framework for attachment
Discuss: Based on other body systems
we have studied, what does the skeleton
support?
Name specific examples.
Storage
Calcium reserve
Energy reserves (lipids in yellow marrow)
Functions of the Skeletal System
Blood Cell Production
AKA hemopoiesis (formation of blood’s
cellular components
RBC and WBC produced in red marrow
Protection
Surrounds soft tissues and organs
Leverage for movement
Change magnitude and direction of forces
generated by skeletal muscles
Structures of the Skeletal System:
Types of Bones Long Bones
Longer than they are wide
Ex: humerus, femur
Short Bones
Roughly equal length and width
Ex: carpals, tarsals
Flat Bones
Thin and broad
Ex: ribs
Irregular Bones
Complex shapes
Ex: pelvic girdle, vertebrae
The Axial Skeleton
The axial skeleton is blueand includes the:
skull
vertebral column
sternum
ribs
hyoid bone (or laryngeal)
The Skull
Frontal View
The Skull
Lateral
View
The
Vertebral
Column
(The
Spinal
Column)
Draw and
label
Discussion
• With a partner discuss…
• Applying your knowledge of the nervous system, what organ does the spinal column protect?
Sternum and Rib Cage
12 sets of
Ribs
True,
False,
Floating
Discussion
Applying what your know about
medical terminology, what cavity do
the ribs protect?
The Appendicular Skeleton
The appendicular skeleton is beigeand includes
shoulder girdles
arms
wrists
hands
pelvic girdle
legs
ankles
feet.
The Shoulder Girdle
The Arm
Upper Arm Lower Arm
The Hand
The Pelvic Girdle
Why do you think the shape of the pelvis
Is different between males and females?
Leg bones
Upper Leg Lower Leg
------Patella
Ankle
and
Foot
ActivityMake sure your worksheets are labeled accurately. Use your book, page 310.
In your small group, use your skeleton to evaluate which bones are used in daily activities such as:
Brushing your teeth
Driving a car
Throwing a football
Running a race
Enrichment:
Go back to your diagram and give the everyday “layman’s” terms to as many bones as possible. (For example: jaw for mandible.)
Explain why it is important to know the layman’s terms as well as the correct medical terminology. When would you use each?
BELLWORK: Day Two
COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE THREE
TYPES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE:
CARTILAGE (p. 309)
LIGAMENT (p. 312)
TENDON (p. 320)
Connective Bone Tissue
Cartilage:
Acts as cushion between bones; articular cartilage
located on ends of bones and acts as shock absorber,
preventing ends from grinding together when you move.
Ligaments:
tough, whitish bands that connect from bone to boneand can withstand heavy stress.
Tendons:
cord-like structures that attach muscle to bone.
The knee joint:
-cartilage
-ligaments
Standards
8) Outline basic concepts of normal
structure and function of all body systems,
and explain how homeostasis is
maintained.
(Our focus is the skeletal system)
Objectives
Explain homeostasis of the body relating to
the skeletal system
Define ossification
Identify and label the parts of the long
bone
Compare/contrast the different bone
joints
Homeostasis and Mineral Storage
in the Skeletal System
99% of bodily calcium is deposited in the skeleton
Nervous System use Ca+ ions
Ca+ concentration is heavily regulated
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) – elevates Ca+ levels in body fluids
Bones become weaker
Calcitonin - depresses Ca+ levels in body fluids
Bones become stronger
These hormones work together to maintain homeostasis!
Growth and Formation of Bone
Begins 6 weeks after fertilization, stops around age 25
Is it possible for some people to grow taller even after high school?
Ossification – process of tissue replacement by bone
-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6f90506PvS8&feature=related
Growth and Formation of Bone
Requirements:
Prenatal – minerals absorbed from mother (loses bone mass)
Consume Ca and P from diet
Vitamin D3 allows absorption of Ca and P
Vitamins A and C needed for osteoblast activity
Discuss: How can a woman retain or gain the necessary minerals her body needs during pregnancy?
Structure of the Long Bones
Label in your notes. Diaphysis
Central shaft
Bone marrow
Yellow vs. red (lipids or fat vs. RBCs)
Epiphysis
Enlarged ends
Covered with articular cartilage
Compact bone
Dense/solid
Found in diaphysis
Spongy bone
Network of bony rods w/ spaces
Found in epiphysis
Periosteum
Covers outer surface of bone
Endosteum
Lines the marrow cavity
Moveable
Bone Joints
-Saddle
-Ball and Socket
-Pivot
-Hinge
-Ellipsoidal/
Condyloid
-Gliding
Moveable Bone Joints
Pivot joint: turnstile movement in neck and forearm
Ball and socket joint: hip and shoulder; all forms of movement, including rotation
Hinge joint: allow opening and closing movement in knees and elbows
Gliding joint: wrists and ankles; provides sliding back and forth movement
Saddle joint: shaped like saddle, found in thumb; can rock up and down or side to side
Condyloid joint: oval shaped bone end fitting into elliptical cavity in other bone so there is movement from one plane to another but no rotation as found in fingers and toes
Ellipsoidal joint: provide two axes of movement through same bone like joint formed at wrist with radius and ulna
Classification of Joint Movement
Get up and let’s move!!!
Flexion: bending a joint and decreasing angle between involved bones
Extension: straightening a joint
Abduction: moving away from body’s midline
Adduction: moving toward midline of body
Circumduction: circular arm movement of a pitcher
Rotation: bone “spins "on its axis
Supination: turning hand palm up
Pronation: turning hand palm down
Classification of Joint Movement
Eversion: The movement of the sole of the foot away from the median plane.
Inversion: The movement of the sole towards the median plane.
Dorsiflexion: Flexion of the foot in an upward direction — compare plantar flexion, which is flexing the foot down.
Retraction: The movement of a body part in the posterior direction, or being drawn back.
Protraction: The movement of a body part in the anterior direction, or being drawn forwards.
Immoveable Joints
A fixed joint
between bones
connected by
fibrous tissue (for
example, the
sutures of the skull). At what time did these bones
need to be able to move?
Cartilaginous Joint: the joint space is covered in dense connective tissue
In males this may
shift slightly at
times.
In females this joint
is vital to provide
room during
vaginal childbirth.
Activity
Complete the “Meeting at the Joint” worksheet.
Complete cutting out your skeleton.
Identify and label the bones of your skeleton.
We will place our skeletons on the bulletin board and then label the joints.
“Simon Says” Review game!!
Which one doesn’t belong! (Quiz)
Extended Learning!?!?
Research the carpals and tarsals.
They each have specific names.
What are they?
Label each on the hand and foot.
Bellwork: Page 316
Draw and describe the following
conditions related to the spine:
Kyphosis
Lordosis
Scoliosis
Directed Reading Activity
In your group of three choose one of the following
directed reading from the website:
Care Considerations with Patients with Spinal Cord
Injuries
Total Knee Replacement and Imaging
Computed Tomography of Facial Fractures
Each person in your group will choose a different
directed reading. You may not do the same one.
After you answer the questions, then go to the Extended
Learning Assignments tab on the class website.
Complete the task for the corresponding professional
journal.