BELLWORK1. What is the difference between a rural and urban area?• READ “Great Britain leads the way” on pgs. 379-380 and

answer the following questions: 2. What did farmers in Great Britain do during the Industrial

Revolution?3. What is capital?4. What raw materials did Great Britain have? Why were these

important?5. What happened to farming once machinery was introduced? 6. THINKER: What do the three political revolutions (America,

France, England) have in common? List three things!

REMINDERS• Short Answer test next class–

compare/contrast two revolutions• Independent Study Guide work after the

short answer test so bring all notes!• Monday – Unit 5 Test• Monday – study guide and late work due!

Industrial Revolution• Industrial

Revolution (1860-1890): shift towards industrialism using machines, factories, mines, and railroads.

• Manufacturing and Industry replaced agriculture as the main source of economic growth.

Industrial Revolution• Steel, iron, and coal

were central to new industry

• Started in Great Britain and spread throughout Europe, North America, and the World.

• Why Great Britain?

Everyday Americans Living Conditions• poor lived in crowded apartment buildings

called tenements• overwork, poor sanitation, and inadequate diet

left slum dwellers vulnerable to disease• many poor children received no education• cities were full of prostitution, pornography, and

hard alcohol

Working ConditionsLaborers• Worked in factories,

mills, and mines• worked at least 60

hours a week for an average pay of about 20 cents an hour, and had no benefits

Everyday Americans

Laborers• earnings

increased up to 60% from 1870-1900

Everyday Americans

With working conditions so bad, why do you think people still came,

by the millions, to America?

Environmental Problems - Air• With the race for industrialization, many countries began to

exploit their natural resources (especially coal, oil, and gas) all with little regard to the environment.

• Coal was needed to power the steam engines that would run machines and trains, but coal also released huge amounts of carbon into the atmosphere.

• The combination of smoke and fog produced smog, which was visible as a thick blanket over cities.

• This caused thousands of deaths due to respiratory diseases.

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Environmental Problems - Water• Water was another prime resource used for running machines

in factories.• Factories dumped toxic industrial waste into nearby rivers.• Due to dense populations, the cities had no proper system of

sewage disposal, so rivers were also contaminated for personal use.

• During the Industrial Revolution, there was no running water – everything came from rivers; therefore, the contaminated, toxic, filthy, sewage water was also used as drinking water.

• This caused water-borne diseases like cholera or typhoid fever to wipe out a huge portion of the population. (Especially the working class).

Environmental Problems - Land• With large amounts of populations moving to the cities

for work, land was being exploited to build homes or more factories.

• This meant cutting down forest areas and loss of natural habitats.

• Many factories used empty space as land fills for their trash and toxic waste.

• This lead to a spread of disease

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Dore_London.jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Bethlehem_Steel.jpg

Pollution and Industrialization• Pollution remains a side effect of industrialization. • We are going to read a short excerpt on the growth of

industrial cities and how it creates pollution.• “An Industrial City” – pg. 3811. How did Manchester become an industrial city?2. What type of industry did Manchester rely on?3. What happened to the Irwell River?4. Do you think that what happened to Manchester can be called

“progress?”5. How do cities today compare/contrast with cities of the

1800’s?

Inventions of the 1800s• Battery• Tin can• Photograph/camera• Soda fountain• Stethoscope• Cement• Matches• Typewriter• Sewing machine• Revolver/Machine gun• Morse Code• Bicycle

• Stapler• Safety pin• Dishwasher• Washing machine• Elevator• Plastic• Dynamite• Vacuum • Barbed wire• Telephone• Toilet paper• Contact lenses

Transportation and Communication• The Industrial Revolution was also characterized by advances

in transportation and communication.• Transcontinental Railroad: U.S. railroad running from the east

to west coast• The increase in railroads allowed goods to be shipped faster

and cheaper. • Telegraph: Samuel Morse perfected it using a system called

Morse Code• Telephone: Alexander Graham Bell; by 1900 (30 years after its

invention), 1.5 million telephones were in use.

Inventions of the Industrial Revolution

CLOSURE• Explain the advantages and

disadvantages of the Industrial Revolution.