BELLWORK 1. What was the purpose of Barricades Week?2. After analyzing the political cartoon on pg.287 What does the cartoon

reveal about the difficulties facing de Gaulle?3. Why was de Gaulle willing to accept Algerian independence?4. How did the events in other French colonies (Indochina, Morocco and

Tunisia) influence the civil war in Algeria?5. THINKER: Throughout the entirety of the conflict, both Algeria and

France reported death tolls differently. For example, after the Setif revolt, France reported 1,005 Muslims died, but Algerian nationalists said 40,000-50,000 died. What could account for such large differences in reported deaths? Do you believe one side over the other? Is it possible to get an exact death toll in a war like this? Why or why not?

Barricades Week

Guerilla Warfare • By 1957, FLN evolved into a disciplined fighting force of 40,000

• Used assortment of hunting rifles and discarded French, German, and American weapons

• FLN attacks were aimed at military targets, but also invested in a terror campaign against pro-French & non-Muslim civilians

• Resulted in acts of torture and brutal violence against all, including women and children.

• Specialized in ambushes and night raids and avoiding direct contact with superior French firepower, the internal forces targeted army patrols, military encampments, police posts, and colonial farms, mines, and factories, as well as transportation and communications facilities.

• Kidnapping was commonplace, as were the ritual murder and mutilation of civilians.

• French launched a counter-terror campaign

More than half of FLN troops were organized and stationed in Moroccan and Tunisian sanctuaries

International Support• Why was it vital for the FLN to receive international

support? How did the media play a role in this?• To increase international and domestic French

attention to their struggle, the FLN decided to bring the conflict to the cities

• The Battle of Algiers (September 30, 1956) began when three women, simultaneously placed bombs at three sites

• French Army was instructed to use whatever methods necessary to restore order

• The publicity given to the brutal methods created doubt in France about its role in Algeria. What was originally "pacification" or a "public order operation" had turned into a colonial war accompanied by torture.

• FLN achieved their goal! They received media attention for their cause and international aide.

• French Soldier killing fleeing Algerian while journalists were present

Algerian War Review: 1 vs 100• This game is every student for themselves!!!• On the line…… 10 points of extra credit! • One person will be the contestant and they are playing vs. the rest of the class.• A multiple choice question about the Algerian War will appear on the screen. You have 10

seconds to decide on an answer. All at once, everyone will hold it up.• The contestant must get it right, but everyone in the audience needs to answer correctly too.• Any incorrect answers will be disqualified.• We will play until the contestant either wins/loses.• If the contestant wins, they will get the ex. Cred. If the contestant answers incorrectly, all

other players will divide the 10 points amongst who is left.• Either way, it is in your benefit to answer all questions correctly and independently. • If you are caught helping anyone, both people will be disqualified• Honesty is the best policy! Help me monitor correct answers

1• Which of the following was NOT a conflict

going on within Algeria?A. Algerian Nationalists vs. French ArmyB. French Government vs. Pieds-NoirsC. FLN vs. French sympathizers

1• Which of the following was NOT a conflict

going on within Algeria?A. Algerian Nationalists vs. French ArmyB. French Government vs. Pieds-NoirsC. FLN vs. French sympathizers

2• What was the official French policy with

regards to control of Algeria?A. Forced assimilation to French culture/politicsB. Segregation of Muslim & French populationsC. Provide Muslims equal education, but prevent

their participation in politics

2• What was the official French policy with

regards to control of Algeria?A. Forced assimilation to French culture/politicsB. Segregation of Muslim & French populationsC. Provide Muslims equal education, but prevent

their participation in politics

3• How was Algeria involved in the French

government?A. They were allowed to vote but not hold public

officeB. Allowed direct political representationC. Not allowed any political involvement and were

required to follow all French policies

3• How was Algeria involved in the French

government?A. They were allowed to vote but not hold public

officeB. Allowed direct political representationC. Not allowed any political involvement and were

required to follow all French policies

4• Algerian leader and representative of Muslim

political activists. Wrote the “Manifesto of the Algerian people” which condemned colonization.A. Ben BellaB. Fehrat AbbasC. Jacques Soustelle

4• Algerian leader and representative of Muslim

political activists. Wrote the “Manifesto of the Algerian people” which condemned colonization.A. Ben BellaB. Fehrat AbbasC. Jacques Soustelle

5• Which of the following statements is FALSE

regarding the Setif Revolt?A. Began in response to V-E DayB. French Nationalists hung radical banners, which

prompted response by the FLNC. French responded with increased repression and

control

5• Which of the following statements is FALSE

regarding the Setif Revolt?A. Began in response to V-E DayB. French Nationalists hung radical banners, which

prompted response by the FLNC. French responded with increased repression and

control

6• De Gaulle organized the Brazzaville Conference &

promised a “new French community.” What changes did France make to their control of Algeria after this conference?A. Acknowledged that decolonization would be a gradual

processB. Allowed Muslims to worship freelyC. Allowed Muslims to vote

6• De Gaulle organized the Brazzaville Conference &

promised a “new French community.” What changes did France make to their control of Algeria after this conference?A. Acknowledged that decolonization would be a gradual

processB. Allowed Muslims to worship freelyC. Allowed Muslims to vote

7• Who were the two revolutionary leaders of

the FLN?A. Ben Bella & Jacques SoustelleB. Jacques Massu & Fehrat AbbasC. Ben Bella & Fehrat Abbas

7• Who were the two revolutionary leaders of

the FLN?A. Ben Bella & Jacques SoustelleB. Jacques Massu & Fehrat AbbasC. Ben Bella & Fehrat Abbas

8• What was a key aspect to French military

tactics?A. HelicoptersB. Chemical WeaponsC. Torture

8• What was a key aspect to French military

tactics?A. HelicoptersB. Chemical WeaponsC. Torture

9• Why did the FLN use guerilla warfare?

A. The U.S, their main ally, encouraged it B. Terrain was densely forested and easy to hide

troop movements C. They lacked military equipment & money

9• Why did the FLN use guerilla warfare?

A. The U.S, their main ally, encouraged it B. Terrain was densely forested and easy to hide

troop movements C. They lacked military equipment & money

10• The French Army purposely targeted civilians with its

policy of “collective responsibility.” What did this mean?A. All Muslim civilians were responsible for guerilla attacksB. All pro-FLN civilians would be targeted, not just those

who launched attacksC. All Muslim villages that supported the FLN would be

destroyed, even if there was no direct participation in attacks

10• The French Army purposely targeted civilians with its

policy of “collective responsibility.” What did this mean?A. All Muslim civilians were responsible for guerilla attacksB. All pro-FLN civilians would be targeted, not just those

who launched attacksC. All Muslim villages that supported the FLN would be

destroyed, even if there was no direct participation in attacks

11• Which of the following statements is FALSE

regarding torture during the Algerian War?A. Caused French citizens to demand changeB. Following the war, the French army was held

responsible for their war crimesC. The French responded by retaliating with torture

to discourage support for the FLN

11• Which of the following statements is FALSE

regarding torture during the Algerian War?A. Caused French citizens to demand changeB. Following the war, the French army was held

responsible for their war crimesC. The French responded by retaliating with torture

to discourage support for the FLN

12• Pressure from the _________ eventually caused

the UN to discuss the Algerian situation and encourage France to change its Algerian policy. A. Arab LeagueB. United StatesC. Communist bloc

12• Pressure from the _________ eventually caused

the UN to discuss the Algerian situation and encourage France to change its Algerian policy. A. Arab LeagueB. United StatesC. Communist bloc

13• Why did the FLN decide to move their guerilla

actions into the cities, like in the Battle of Algiers?A. To increase the colon death tollB. To increase Muslim support of independenceC. To increase international attention

13• Why did the FLN decide to move their guerilla

actions into the cities, like in the Battle of Algiers?A. To increase the colon death tollB. To increase Muslim support of independenceC. To increase international attention

14• Which of the following was NOT an effect of the

Battle of Algiers?A. Allowed the FLN to form their provisional government -

headquarters in Algiers & Bella as PMB. Although the FLN lost militarily, it increased their

popularity and political strengthC. Led to political crisis in France and declining support of

the French government

14• Which of the following was NOT an effect of the

Battle of Algiers?A. Allowed the FLN to form their provisional government -

headquarters in Algiers & Bella as PMB. Although the FLN lost militarily, it increased their

popularity and political strengthC. Led to political crisis in France and declining support of

the French government

15• How did the Algerian War change when De Gaulle was

appointed as the leader of France after the fall of the Fourth Republic?A. Realized the only solution was full independence for

AlgeriaB. He increased French control over citiesC. He understood that guerilla warfare had to end no matter

the consequences = increased torture

15• How did the Algerian War change when De Gaulle was

appointed as the leader of France after the fall of the Fourth Republic?A. Realized the only solution was full independence for

AlgeriaB. He increased French control over citiesC. He understood that guerilla warfare had to end no matter

the consequences = increased torture

16• Why did hostilities between the French army and De

Gaulle grow after Barricades Week?A. The Army went against De Gaulle by constructing

barriers and continuing to repress MuslimsB. De Gaulle favored Muslims and the army favored the

colons C. De Gaulle was clear that his plan meant independence,

which the army refused to accept

16• Why did hostilities between the French army and De

Gaulle grow after Barricades Week?A. The Army went against De Gaulle by constructing

barriers and continuing to repress MuslimsB. De Gaulle favored Muslims and the army favored the

colons C. De Gaulle was clear that his plan meant independence,

which the army refused to accept

17• Which of the following was NOT a decision

reached at the Evian Peace Talks?A. French citizens in Algeria would remain citizens of

France for three yearsB. French army would gradually withdrawal forces

from AlgeriaC. French maintained control of Sahara and oil fields

17• Which of the following was NOT a decision

reached at the Evian Peace Talks?A. French citizens in Algeria would remain citizens of

France for three yearsB. French army would gradually withdrawal forces

from AlgeriaC. French maintained control of Sahara and oil fields

18• Which of the following was NOT an effect of

the Algerian War for Algeria?A. Abbas becomes leader, establishes a one-party

state, and expels Bella from the FLNB. There is no political stability and decades of civil

war follow Algerian independenceC. Rise of Islamic radicalism

18• Which of the following was NOT an effect of

the Algerian War for Algeria?A. Abbas becomes leader, establishes a one-party

state, and expels Bella from the FLNB. There is no political stability and decades of civil

war follow Algerian independenceC. Rise of Islamic radicalism

19• How did the exodus of colons effect the

Algerian economy?A. Created a profitable trade relationship between

French and Algerian citizensB. Left a void in business and the economy declinedC. Once in France, the colons refused to purchase

Algerian oil which led to an economic decline

19• How did the exodus of colons effect the

Algerian economy?A. Created a profitable trade relationship between

French and Algerian citizensB. Left a void in business and the economy declinedC. Once in France, the colons refused to purchase

Algerian oil which led to an economic decline

20• Which of the following was NOT an effect of

the Algerian War for France?A. Was the only colonial war that changed the

government of a European powerB. France invested in Algerian industries, like miningC. Due to the high cost of the war, France went

through a ten-year economic slump

20• Which of the following was NOT an effect of

the Algerian War for France?A. Was the only colonial war that changed the

government of a European powerB. France invested in Algerian industries, like miningC. Due to the high cost of the war, France went

through a ten-year economic slump

TIE BREAKER!!!• According to the French government, how

many French people died during the Algerian War? (Closest guess wins!!!)

TIE BREAKER!!!• According to the French government, how

many French people died during the Algerian War? (Closest guess wins!!!)

• 17,456

The Chinese Civil War(1927-1937 & 1946-1949)

A Civil War Case StudyHomework: Read about the long-term and short-term causes of the CCW 252-258