BELLWORK1. Describe the causes/effects of the Berlin blockade.2. In early 1949, who had the “upper hand” in the Cold War? Why? By the fall

of 1949, there was a shift in the balance of power……why? Summarize these changes in power!

3. Explain the findings in the White Paper report.4. What is McCarthyism? How did this change public opinion of the Cold War?5. How did the second Red Scare effect government policy? 6. Explain the findings in the NSC-68 report. 7. THINKER: Revisionist historians criticize NSC-68 for being based on a false

premise, and used as an “excuse for U.S. expansionism.” To what extent do you agree with this? Explain!

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Cold War Red Scare

McCarthyism & Witch Hunts

McCarthyism• Republican Senator from WI, served

1947-1957• McCarthyism: the practice of making

unfair allegations or using unfair investigative techniques, in order to restrict dissent or political criticism.

• Led to the Second Red Scare (1950-1956): characterized by heightened political repression against communists, as well as a fear campaign and “witch hunt”

McCarthyism• Targets were government

employees, the entertainment industry, educators & union activists

• Supported by the FBI under J. Edgar Hoover

House of Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)

• Formed in 1938 • Focused on the

investigation of accused communists or “comsymps”

• In 1947, HUAC led the investigations on the “Hollywood 10”

The Hollywood 10• Group of 10 Hollywood writers,

directors, actors investigated by HUAC for involvement in the Communist party

• On trial, pleaded the 5th Amendment, but were charged with contempt of Congress

• All were blacklisted • In total, 158 people were

blacklisted from the film industry

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Other Anti-Communist PoliciesMcCarran Act: 1950• McCarran Act (Internal Security Act of 1950):

required members of the Communist party to register with the attorney general, and the named organizations had to provide certain information, such as lists of their members.

• Nevada Senator, Pat McCarran• Established the Subversive Activities Control

Board to determine which individuals and organizations had to comply with the law

• Failure to satisfy the requirements could result in criminal prosecution and stiff fines.

• Repealed by Supreme Court in 1968 and declared unconstitutional

Loyalty Program: 1947• Executive Order 9835• designed to root out communist

influence in the government • investigated over 3 million

government employees & 300 of whom were dismissed as security risks

• Required members of the government to take an oath of loyalty

Julius & Ethel Rosenberg• Accused of being spies

for the Soviet Union and releasing information about the atomic bomb

• Found guilty of conspiring to commit espionage

• Executed June 19, 1953

End of McCarthyism• Army-McCarthy Trials• April 1954 - June 1954• McCarthy accused

members of the military as communist

• First televised court trial• Showed his radicalism, led

to a decline in popularity

HOMEWORK• Read the rest of the chapter 5 packet on the

Korean War• Focus on causes/effects and international

involvement