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Bellwork. What does it mean to “kowtow”? To bow low Why did the British need to kowtow to the Chinese when they first arrived? The British wanted to trade with the Chinese and the Chinese had all the best trade goods. Two Revolutions in China. Remember: Spheres of Influence ?. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Bellwork
• What does it mean to “kowtow”?
»To bow low
• Why did the British need to kowtow to the Chinese when they first arrived?– The British wanted to trade with the Chinese
and the Chinese had all the best trade goods
Remember: Spheres of Influence?
A Region (sphere) where foreigners were given special economic privileges.
They could become wealthy and powerful and CUT THE CHINESE OUT!
Who’s Sticking Up For the Chinese you ask?
Remember Pu’Yi, the last Qing emperor?
The Qing Empire was
overthrown in 1911 (That was the FIRST Revolution)
Who Overthrew the Qing?The NATIONALISTS!!
The nationalists are also called the Guomindang.
They declare China a
REPUBLIC!!
Where regions can VOTE and send representatives to government.
KIND OF LIKE US!
BUT, it wasn’t that easyThe Nationalists kicked out the foreigners
They fought against the warlords (other Chinese) who had created their own armies to control different regions.
BUT, they started fighting amongst themselves
WHY???
The NationalistsOne side run by…
Chiang Kai Shek
He was a Capitalist
He led the Army
The other side run by…
Mao Zedong
He was a Communist
Originally these guys worked together, BUT…
In 1925, Chiang took over control of the whole nationalist organization
He kicked out all the Communists!
The Long March•They had to march 8,000 miles over 370 days to escape.•Mao and his followers were forced to flee the Nationalist Army
•Out of 100,000 men, 7,000 survived!•During this time they won the support of the peasants in China
•They took land and weapons from the warlords and gave it to the peasants
A New Enemy Arrives
Nationalist and Communist armies stop fighting each other, to fight Japan.
The common enemy!Japan Invades in 1931
Japan Loses WWII and leaves China in 1945
The COLD WAR starts
Communism vs. Capitalism
USA vs. Soviet Union
How will China lean?? Communist or Capitalist?
China’s Civil War(1945-1949)
• Nationalists vs. Communists» Also known as the Communist Revolution
USA backs Chiang and the Nationalists
The Communists are backed by the Soviet Union and 800 million peasants
1949- The Communists Win!!
OUCH!!
Chiang Kai Shek fled to TaiwanHe set up the Chinese Republic of Taiwan (ROC)
Mao set up the People’s Republic of China (PRC)
The United States continued to recognize Chiang as the real leader of China!
This continued until 1971!!